[CCWG-Accountability] Related work on ICANN's Public Interest

Tue Dec 16 18:50:03 UTC 2014

Also, fwiw, the panel in ICM v. ICANN held that ICANN is subject to international law.

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From: accountability-cross-community-bounces at icann.org [mailto:accountability-cross-community-bounces at icann.org] On Behalf Of Greg Shatan
Sent: Tuesday, December 16, 2014 12:48 PM
To: Carl Schonander
Cc: Accountability Cross Community
Subject: Re: [CCWG-Accountability] Related work on ICANN's Public Interest

For what it's worth, customary international law has been defined as follows:

Customary international law refers to international obligations arising from established state practice, as opposed to obligations arising from formal written international treaties<https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=http-3A__topics.law.cornell.edu_wex_International-5Fconventions&d=AwMFaQ&c=MOptNlVtIETeDALC_lULrw&r=62cJFOifzm6X_GRlaq8Mo8TjDmrxdYahOP8WDDkMr4k&m=jdIYY5P5ulJJNiE61ggqaOSExf1J1B0taRFIL0ZRv-8&s=xBhCFclGosikwLP_XQxNf3q-X-7kTKoxT_9_M76DgQw&e=>.  According to Article 38(1)(b) of the ICJ Statute<https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=http-3A__www.icj-2Dcij.org_documents_index.php-3Fp1-3D4-26p2-3D2-26p3-3D0&d=AwMFaQ&c=MOptNlVtIETeDALC_lULrw&r=62cJFOifzm6X_GRlaq8Mo8TjDmrxdYahOP8WDDkMr4k&m=jdIYY5P5ulJJNiE61ggqaOSExf1J1B0taRFIL0ZRv-8&s=GvSCpGl2xoptkDFx8QM_srdsVthtYu-_VaDvrjsZAlQ&e=>, customary international law is one of the sources of international law<https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=http-3A__topics.law.cornell.edu_wex_Sources-5Fof-5Finternational-5Flaw&d=AwMFaQ&c=MOptNlVtIETeDALC_lULrw&r=62cJFOifzm6X_GRlaq8Mo8TjDmrxdYahOP8WDDkMr4k&m=jdIYY5P5ulJJNiE61ggqaOSExf1J1B0taRFIL0ZRv-8&s=03XjtRMvUdyWXsVlSby5jwydWq6ib4lEf7btc2YZMII&e=>.  Customary international law can be established by showing (1) state practice and (2) opinio juris<https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=http-3A__topics.law.cornell.edu_wex_opinio-5Fjuris-5F-28international-5Flaw-29&d=AwMFaQ&c=MOptNlVtIETeDALC_lULrw&r=62cJFOifzm6X_GRlaq8Mo8TjDmrxdYahOP8WDDkMr4k&m=jdIYY5P5ulJJNiE61ggqaOSExf1J1B0taRFIL0ZRv-8&s=NQkiJBWTkwUMXjwZ4pPMiwhxRyEIZE2UP3e7uNGlhwc&e=>.

Put another way, “customary international law” results from a general and consistent practice of states that they follow from a sense of legal obligation.

Malcolm N. Shaw, International Law 80 (5th ed., Cambridge, 2003).

http://www.law.cornell.edu/wex/customary_international_law<https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=http-3A__www.law.cornell.edu_wex_customary-5Finternational-5Flaw&d=AwMFaQ&c=MOptNlVtIETeDALC_lULrw&r=62cJFOifzm6X_GRlaq8Mo8TjDmrxdYahOP8WDDkMr4k&m=jdIYY5P5ulJJNiE61ggqaOSExf1J1B0taRFIL0ZRv-8&s=Huc3oqgbE4gW3AEIo4_0m5DTQQYAB8FQGdlOEuojixQ&e=>

Greg Shatan

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ICANN-related: gregshatanipc at gmail.com<mailto:gregshatanipc at gmail.com>

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On Tue, Dec 16, 2014 at 12:24 PM, Carl Schonander <cschonander at siia.net<mailto:cschonander at siia.net>> wrote:
The full body of international law meaning legally binding treaties as well as customary international law.  Carl

From: Dr Eberhard W Lisse [mailto:el at lisse.na<mailto:el at lisse.na>]
Sent: Tuesday, December 16, 2014 12:03 PM
To: Carl Schonander
Cc: Steve DelBianco; Bruce Tonkin; Accountability Cross Community

Subject: Re: [CCWG-Accountability] Related work on ICANN's Public Interest

Excellent.

What International Law would you be referring to?

el

Sent from Dr Lisse's iPad mini

On Dec 16, 2014, at 18:44, Carl Schonander <cschonander at SIIA.net<mailto:cschonander at SIIA.net>> wrote:
Steve et all:

Would like to propose the inclusion of the following sentence in between the last two sentences of the proposed definition.  “Respect for international and national law is essential.”

Carl

From: accountability-cross-community-bounces at icann.org<mailto:accountability-cross-community-bounces at icann.org> [mailto:accountability-cross-community-bounces at icann.org] On Behalf Of Steve DelBianco
Sent: Tuesday, December 16, 2014 7:34 AM
To: Bruce Tonkin; Accountability Cross Community
Subject: Re: [CCWG-Accountability] Related work on ICANN's Public Interest

As mentioned on today’s call, here is a proposed definition for global public interest in the context of ICANN:

The 'public' part of public interest is concerned more with users and registrants than with contracted parties and others who are deeply involved at ICANN.
And the public interest in ICANN decisions is broader than just a secure and stable DNS. Namely, users and registrants want ICANN to make sure the DNS delivers two essential and measurable qualities: Availability and Integrity, of Registrations and Resolutions

Availability of the DNS is critical for global users who increasingly rely on the Internet for information, communications, and commerce. Domain name resolutions need to be available 24 hours a day, 365 days a year, from anywhere on the globe. Availability also means being able to use any language and any script for both generic and country-code domains and email addresses.

Availability can also apply to domain names sought by registrants: will domains in new gTLDs be available to the public, or will they be captured by insiders? That kind of availability should also be part of the public interest test for ICANN decisions.

Integrity of the DNS is vital to registrants and end-users of the Internet. Registrants rely upon the integrity of domain name registration to ensure that their identities are not misrepresented or misappropriated.  E-commerce and Internet financial transactions absolutely require integrity in resolution of domain names and secure delivery of encrypted data.

Internet users depend upon the integrity of domain name services to provide accurate and authentic results when they look up a website or send an email. Integrity is undermined by deceptive practices such as redirecting users to fraudulent websites or providing false information about the true owner of a web domain.

I encourage further discussion on the concept of global public interest in our CCWG. This term is too important to leave undefined or let a few individuals define it to fit their own agenda.   If we allow 'public interest' to mean anything and everything, it will end up meaning nothing at all.

—
Steve DelBianco
Executive Director
NetChoice
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On 12/16/14, 11:48 AM, "Bruce Tonkin" <Bruce.Tonkin at melbourneit.com.au<mailto:Bruce.Tonkin at melbourneit.com.au>> wrote:

Hello All,

The origin of the strategic work on public interest comes from the strategy panel on Public Responsibility Framework.

https://www.icann.org/en/system/files/files/prf-report-15may14-en.pdf<https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__www.icann.org_en_system_files_files_prf-2Dreport-2D15may14-2Den.pdf&d=AwMFaQ&c=MOptNlVtIETeDALC_lULrw&r=62cJFOifzm6X_GRlaq8Mo8TjDmrxdYahOP8WDDkMr4k&m=jdIYY5P5ulJJNiE61ggqaOSExf1J1B0taRFIL0ZRv-8&s=uoQokB2t4WXemD5DcZ4a0Uwthpi6CoJgAPsdl20rJyE&e=>

That panel recommended the following definition:

"Panel Definitions Submitted to ICANN:

As an independent, global organization, ICANN is one of the organizations charged
with responsibility for an increasingly important shared global resource: The Internet.
As one of the stewards of this resource, ICANN recognizes it has a responsibility to
protect and promote the global public interest, both throughout its work, and in
collaboration with other entities. ICANN's public responsibility permeates all areas of
its work and is at the core of its operations.

ICANN defines the global public interest in relation to the Internet as ensuring the
Internet becomes, and continues to be, stable, inclusive, and accessible across the
globe so that all may enjoy the benefits of a single and open Internet. In addressing its
public responsibility, ICANN must build trust in the Internet and its governance
ecosystem."

This definition though has not been formally adopted.

Regards,
Bruce Tonkin

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