<div dir="ltr">Thanks Jonathan, interesting and useful assistance.<div><br></div><div>cheers</div><div>Jordan</div></div><div class="gmail_extra"><br><div class="gmail_quote">On 28 January 2015 at 07:05, Jonathan Zuck <span dir="ltr"><<a href="mailto:JZuck@actonline.org" target="_blank">JZuck@actonline.org</a>></span> wrote:<br><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex">
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt">The idea of ICANN membership has come up as a means to anchor the organization in the existing bottom-up, multi-stakeholder community, thereby ensuring its continued legitimacy. The very essence of work stream
1 is that ICANN’s Board of Directors would become accountable to the community, in much the same way that the Boards of publicly-traded companies are ultimately accountable to their shareholders.<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt">Some good and reasonable questions have been raised on the list about the legality and complexity of a possible membership structure under California not-for-profit corporate law. I tasked my in-house counsel
with researching some of these questions and, while recognizing that the CCWG still needs independent expert advice, here’s what she’s been able to determine:<u></u><u></u></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt">Q: What would this look like?<u></u><u></u></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><i><span style="font-size:12.0pt">Briefly, the idea is that the head of each of the 11 current ICANN groups (</span></i><span style="font-size:12.0pt">supporting organizations, advisory committees, and stakeholder groups)
<i>would become one of the members of ICANN, and would continue to serve as an ICANN member until someone else took over the leadership of that group</i>.
<u></u><u></u></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt">Q: Is the proposed membership structure legal?<u></u><u></u></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><i><span style="font-size:12.0pt">A: Under California non-profit law, a tax-exempt organization may be comprised of members. A tax-exempt organization has broad leeway to create a membership structure that best suits its particular needs.
It’s clear under California law that individuals may be members. Cal. Corp. Code 5310(a). Moreover, California law does not restrict membership to legally organized groups. Cal. Corp. Code 5313. Thus, it is appropriate for an individual, identified by a group
(whether incorporated or unincorporated) to be a member. Alternately, membership can be granted to a group, which can then authorize a person to vote on its behalf. Cal. Corp. Code 5056(c).<u></u><u></u></span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><i><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><u></u> <u></u></span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt">Q: Will the Government Advisory Committee have a member? Can a government representative be a member of a non-profit organization?<u></u><u></u></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><i><span style="font-size:12.0pt">A: Yes. As an Advisory Committee, the GAC would have one member on ICANN. California non-profit law permits a government representative (including a representative of a foreign government) to be a member
of a non-profit organization. However, if the GAC determines that it prefers to remain only an advisory body and not take on this new membership role, the model is still viable.<u></u><u></u></span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><i><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><u></u> <u></u></span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt">Q: Will the new membership structure be flexible enough to accommodate future changes to ICANN?<u></u><u></u></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><i><span style="font-size:12.0pt">A: Yes. Future changes to ICANN membership status would be approved by the members. For example, if a new stakeholder group, supporting organization or advisory committee is created under the bylaws,
the current members could offer membership to that entity by a 3/4 vote. Similarly, the current members could remove a current member by a 3/4 vote. The required flexibility would just need to be incorporated into the updated bylaws.
<u></u><u></u></span></i></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt">Q: How would the members remain accountable?<u></u><u></u></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><i><span style="font-size:12.0pt">To ensure full accountability, the 11 members would serve on behalf of their respective memberships and could be recalled or replaced by their group at any time.<u></u><u></u></span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><i><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><u></u> <u></u></span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt">Q: How to prevent membership from being GNSO-heavy?<u></u><u></u></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><i><span style="font-size:12.0pt">Any concerns about the 11 members being too GNSO-heavy could be addressed via a weighted voting structure or similar mechanism.
<u></u><u></u></span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><i><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><u></u> <u></u></span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt">Q: How will the new membership structure prevent organizational capture? Will each member be treated the same?<u></u><u></u></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><i><span style="font-size:12.0pt">A: The new membership structure prevents organizational capture by giving each stakeholder group only one representative member to ICANN and requiring a 3/4 vote for significant decisions, thereby ensuring
significant consensus. Each member receives one vote of equal weight to the other members. For instance, governments are represented by the GAC Chair, and have only one collective voice out of 11 in the accountability process.<u></u><u></u></span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><i><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><u></u> <u></u></span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt">Q: Will the membership process preclude those unable or unwilling to pay membership dues?<u></u><u></u></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><i><span style="font-size:12.0pt">A: Membership would be free to all eligible members. Participation in the existing group of supporting organizations and advisory committees will not be altered, and will remain free of charge.<u></u><u></u></span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><u></u> <u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt">I hope this helps to inform our discussions while we wait for the independent legal experts to give us their views.<u></u><u></u></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"League Gothic",serif;color:black">Jonathan Zuck</span><span style="color:black"><u></u><u></u></span></p>
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<br></blockquote></div><br><br clear="all"><div><br></div>-- <br><div class="gmail_signature"><div dir="ltr">Jordan Carter<br><br>Chief Executive <br><b>InternetNZ</b><br><br>04 495 2118 (office) | +64 21 442 649 (mob)<br><a href="mailto:jordan@internetnz.net.nz" target="_blank">jordan@internetnz.net.nz</a> <br>Skype: jordancarter<br><br><i>To promote the Internet's benefits and uses, and protect its potential.</i><br><br></div></div>
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