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<div>Alan talks about relying on the Board¡¯s good faith willingness to abide by the Bylaws. I totally accept that the Board will act in good faith and that it is not lawless. But that doesn¡¯t make me comfortable with reliance because that is ignores the law. </div>
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<div>Without a membership structure, it is illegal for the Board to abide by the Bylaws with respect to community powers
<b><i>unless and until</i></b> it has concluded in a particular case that such deference is consistent with its fiduciary duties. What the membership structure does is allocate to the community some of the authority to determine what is or is not consistent
with its fiduciary duties (Note, I accept and embrace Steve Crocker¡¯s characterization of fiduciary duties) </div>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">J. Beckwith Burr<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 11pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(6, 134, 88);">Neustar, Inc. /</span></b><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"> Deputy General Counsel and Chief
Privacy Officer<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">1775 Pennsylvania Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20006<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(6, 134, 88);">Office</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">: + 1.202.533.2932 <span style="color: rgb(6, 134, 88); "> Mobile</span>:
+1.202.352.6367 <span style="color: rgb(6, 134, 88); ">/ <a href="mailto:becky.burr@neustar.biz">becky.burr@neustar.biz</a> / www.neustar.biz</span></span></p>
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<span style="font-weight:bold">From: </span><Drazek>, Keith Drazek <<a href="mailto:kdrazek@verisign.com">kdrazek@verisign.com</a>><br>
<span style="font-weight:bold">Date: </span>Tuesday, June 2, 2015 at 11:40 AM<br>
<span style="font-weight:bold">To: </span>Accountability Community <<a href="mailto:accountability-cross-community@icann.org">accountability-cross-community@icann.org</a>><br>
<span style="font-weight:bold">Subject: </span>Re: [CCWG-ACCT] A modest proposal to start the week<br>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125);">Hi Roelof,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125);"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125);">A member¡¯s authority is delegated to him by his community. Members would represent and defend their respective community¡¯s interests following a bottom-up,
consensus-based approach. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125);"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125);">For example, if I, as Chair of the GNSO Registries Stakeholder Group, were to become a statutory member of ICANN on behalf of my group, and I took
a position inconsistent with its interests, they would replace me. The accountability is built in to the nature and structure of our group. Presumably, each community group represented by a member would need to have a comparable recall or enforcement mechanisms.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125);"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125);">We have discussed various mechanisms to confirm that a member is in fact acting on behalf of his/her/its constituency. I agree we need to discuss
this in more detail.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125);"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125);">We have also acknowledged the need for flexibility to add new members in the event new community groups are established. As such, I think the ¡°whole
community¡± would be served by relying on ICANN¡¯s existing (and future) community structures, whose powers and authority are secured via membership.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125);"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125);">Regards,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125);">Keith<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125);"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125);"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;">From:</span></b><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;">
<a href="mailto:accountability-cross-community-bounces@icann.org">accountability-cross-community-bounces@icann.org</a> [<a href="mailto:accountability-cross-community-bounces@icann.org">mailto:accountability-cross-community-bounces@icann.org</a>]
<b>On Behalf Of </b>Roelof Meijer<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Tuesday, June 02, 2015 3:38 AM<br>
<b>To:</b> Jordan Carter; Greg Shatan<br>
<b>Cc:</b> <a href="mailto:avri@acm.org">avri@acm.org</a>; <a href="mailto:accountability-cross-community@icann.org">
accountability-cross-community@icann.org</a><br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: [CCWG-ACCT] A modest proposal to start the week<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: black;">Jordan,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: black;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: black;">>It is the membership model that gives the community the powers we set out in our report.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: black;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: black;">No. The membership model gives the MEMBERS the powers we set out in the report<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: black;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: black;">Greg,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: black;">></span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; color: black;">A member nonprofit must be accountable to its members in a way that simply does not exist
without members.</span><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: black;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: black;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: black;">Yes. And that is exactly what we are struggling with. How do we ensure that the enhanced accountability is not just to the members but effectively to the whole community? How
do we ensure that the powers are given to the community and not just to the members. </span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: black;">Let</span><span style="color:black">¡¯</span><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: black;">s not make this seem simple and straightforward, because indeed we run
the risk that we move the accountability issue from a single ICANN to multiple (shadow or not) UA¡¯s or individuals</span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: black;">Best,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: black;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: black;">Roelof<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: black;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: black;">From:
</span></b><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: black;">Jordan Carter <<a href="mailto:jordan@internetnz.net.nz">jordan@internetnz.net.nz</a>><br>
<b>Date: </b>dinsdag 2 juni 2015 01:14<br>
<b>To: </b>Greg Shatan <<a href="mailto:gregshatanipc@gmail.com">gregshatanipc@gmail.com</a>><br>
<b>Cc: </b>"<a href="mailto:avri@acm.org">avri@acm.org</a>" <<a href="mailto:avri@acm.org">avri@acm.org</a>>, "<a href="mailto:accountability-cross-community@icann.org">accountability-cross-community@icann.org</a>" <<a href="mailto:accountability-cross-community@icann.org">accountability-cross-community@icann.org</a>><br>
<b>Subject: </b>Re: [CCWG-ACCT] A modest proposal to start the week<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: black;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: black;">Dear all
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: black;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: black;">Can I thank you, Greg, for this very important point.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: black;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: black;">It is the membership model that gives the community the powers we set out in our report.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: black;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: black;">The masses of discussion regarding the legal enforceability aspect of that is just an implicit part of the package. By giving the rights of membership to the
community we are giving the community, in a sense, 'ownership' of ICANN.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: black;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: black;">That's what the NTIA asked for when it said that the stewardship of the DNS was going to the MS community. That's the logic behind this model.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: black;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: black;">Whether it is implemented through UAs or individuals; the implementation details arising - all these things are important, but they aren't as important as
what the model offers and why it is being pursued.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: black;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: black;">I'm just saying this to make sure there's a reminder, again, about the fundamental point of the model we have proposed.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: black;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: black;">cheers<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: black;">Jordan<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: black;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: black;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: black;">On 2 June 2015 at 10:58, Greg Shatan <<a href="mailto:gregshatanipc@gmail.com" target="_blank">gregshatanipc@gmail.com</a>> wrote:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; color: black;">If we are relying on the Board, but have no recourse if that reliance is misplaced, then it is no longer a power. It is instead a dispensation at the pleasure
of the Board. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; color: black;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; color: black;">Indeed, these powers (particularly the power to approve/veto a budget or strategic plan) may not even be valid in the absence of a member set-up, since we
are seeking to trump the Board's judgment and even their exercise of fiduciary duty. This is far more realistic in a membership non-profit, for the following reason.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; color: black;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; color: black;">Membership fundamentally changes the "shape" of a nonprofit corporation. A member nonprofit must be accountable to its members in a way that simply does not
exist without members. The Board of a membership nonprofit board owes a fiduciary duty (among other duties) to its membership as well as to the corporation. As I understand it, this is a fundamental basis for the reason that members are given the exceptional
powers they have, and that are not given to other participants in or beneficiaries of a nonprofit corporation.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">Greg<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: black;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: black;">On Mon, Jun 1, 2015 at 6:08 PM, Alan Greenberg <<a href="mailto:alan.greenberg@mcgill.ca" target="_blank">alan.greenberg@mcgill.ca</a>> wrote:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: black;">To the extent that we ware willing to rely on a Board with good faith to honour the Bylaws (as they have to date - a Board could have removed the concept of
AC/SO Directors if they had chosen), I beleive that is indeed correct.</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"><br>
<br>
Alan</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: black;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: black;"><br>
<br>
At 01/06/2015 03:42 PM, Roelof Meijer wrote:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: black;">Alan,<br>
<br>
"The prime power is to challenge ICANN on its decisions and<br>
to ratify some of those decisions©÷<br>
<br>
The way I understand it, we do not need either UA©ös or ICANN to become a<br>
membership organization, to do that<br>
<br>
Best,<br>
<br>
Roelof<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
On 01-06-15 16:59, "Alan Greenberg" <<a href="mailto:alan.greenberg@mcgill.ca" target="_blank">alan.greenberg@mcgill.ca</a>> wrote:<br>
<br>
>I support Avri.<br>
><br>
>First, suing ICANN is NOT the only power they have. That is a last<br>
>resort power that we are told will never (well nearly never) be<br>
>exercised. The prime power is to challenge ICANN on its decisions and<br>
>to ratify some of those decisions. As described in the community<br>
>mechanisms in the CCWG Draft Proposal.<br>
><br>
>We are putting these mechanisms in place because we have a lack of<br>
>trust in the good judgement of the Board. But we are will now have an<br>
>AC/So either appoint individuals, or appoint individuals to a UA. And<br>
>since that AC/SO has no legal status, it cannot "enforce" that its<br>
>representatives are truly following their directives. But we will<br>
>trust them because they are part of our community. But if we appoint<br>
>this same person to the Board, they are no longer trustworthy.<br>
><br>
>And no doubt these views are also out of order.<br>
><br>
>Alan<br>
><br>
>At 01/06/2015 10:45 AM, Avri Doria wrote:<br>
><br>
><br>
>>On 01-Jun-15 10:35, Malcolm Hutty wrote:<br>
>> > What is it you fear that these "unaccountable UA" might do?<br>
>><br>
>>That they not be accountable to the stakeholder they are allegedly<br>
>>accountable to.<br>
>><br>
>>As has been brought up by more than one of our advisers, if they are the<br>
>>main point of ICANN accountability, it must be possible to guarantee<br>
>>their accountability as much as we need to guarantee the Board's<br>
>>accountability when it hold the token for ICANN accountability.<br>
>><br>
>>Having been a member or observer of many of these entities I have fond<br>
>>that they are often disorganized, ruled by a few strong personalities in<br>
>>a sea of apathy, and given to making up rules on the fly when needed.<br>
>>They do not even necessarily follow the rules htey have agreed to in the<br>
>>charers, though some do, not all of them. And for the most part, though<br>
>>they are supposed to transparent, most aren't.<br>
>><br>
>>So what i fear is that they are accountable to none except the few<br>
>>strong personalities.<br>
>><br>
>>So if we want to base our trust in ICANN on a membership model, we need<br>
>>to make sure it is at least as accountable as what we have now.<br>
>><br>
>>avri<br>
>><br>
>><br>
>><br>
>><br>
>><br>
>>---<br>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:12.0pt"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: black;">Jordan Carter<br>
<br>
Chief Executive <br>
<b>InternetNZ</b><br>
<br>
04 495 2118 (office) | +64 21 442 649 (mob)<br>
<a href="mailto:jordan@internetnz.net.nz" target="_blank">jordan@internetnz.net.nz</a><br>
Skype: jordancarter<br>
<br>
<i>A better world through a better Internet </i><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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