<div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif">Nigel, et al.:</div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif"><br></div><div class="gmail_default"><span style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif">The language quoted was from the "General" section on Unincorporated Associations in the California Code. T</span><span style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif">here is a specific section of the statute on "Nonprofit Associations," which sets out limited liability for members, director, officers and agents of nonprofit UAs as follows:</span></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif"><br></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif"><pre style="color:rgb(0,0,0)">18605. A member, director, or agent of a nonprofit association is
not liable for a debt, obligation, or liability of the association
solely by reason of being a member, director, officer, or agent.
18610. A member of a nonprofit association is not liable for a
contractual obligation of the association unless one of the following
conditions is satisfied:
(a) The member expressly assumes personal responsibility for the
obligation in a signed writing that specifically identifies the
obligation assumed.
(b) The member expressly authorizes or ratifies the specific
contract, as evidenced by a writing. This subdivision does not apply
if the member authorizes or ratifies a contract solely in the member'
s capacity as a director, officer, or agent of the association.
(c) With notice of the contract, the member receives a benefit
under the contract. Liability under this subdivision is limited to
the value of the benefit received.
(d) The member executes the contract without disclosing that the
member is acting on behalf of the association.
(e) The member executes the contract without authority to execute
the contract.
18615. A director, officer, or agent of a nonprofit association is
not liable for a contractual obligation of the association unless one
of the following conditions is satisfied:
(a) The director, officer, or agent expressly assumes
responsibility for the obligation in a signed writing that
specifically identifies the obligation assumed.
(b) The director, officer, or agent executes the contract without
disclosing that the director, officer, or agent is acting on behalf
of the association.
(c) The director, officer, or agent executes the contract without
authority to execute the contract.
18620. (a) A member, director, officer, or agent of a nonprofit
association shall be liable for injury, damage, or harm caused by an
act or omission of the association or an act or omission of a
director, officer, or agent of the association, if any of the
following conditions is satisfied:
(1) The member, director, officer, or agent expressly assumes
liability for injury, damage, or harm caused by particular conduct
and that conduct causes the injury, damage, or harm.
(2) The member, director, officer, or agent engages in tortious
conduct that causes the injury, damage, or harm.
(3) The member, director, officer, or agent is otherwise liable
under any other statute.
(b) This section provides a nonexclusive list of existing grounds
for liability, and does not foreclose any common law grounds for
liability.</pre></div></div><div class="gmail_extra"><br><div class="gmail_quote">On Thu, Jul 9, 2015 at 12:53 PM, Nigel Roberts <span dir="ltr"><<a href="mailto:nigel@channelisles.net" target="_blank">nigel@channelisles.net</a>></span> wrote:<br><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex">I have read that now.<br>
<br>
The question that does not appear to have been not answer, or even asked in that Membe, seems to be:<br>
<br>
"Does a Unincorporated Association have Limited Liability? More specifically, in what cirumstances may the members or offices of the UA be held responsible for the debts, money judgments or other pecuniary liabilities of the UA if the UA does not have the resources to pay them."<br>
<br>
I think the answer to this has already been given, earlier, and by construing those clauses, it seems thams that officers and members have unlimited personal liability if the Association cannot pay.<br>
<br>
(If I am wrong in that conclusion, please provide the section number of the relevant statute that confers Limited Liability protection on members and officers)<span class=""><br>
<br>
On 09/07/15 17:23, James Gannon wrote:<br>
</span><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex"><span class="">
I believe it was in the revised memo on unincorporated associations<br>
here:<br>
<a href="https://community.icann.org/download/attachments/52890082/REVISED%20memo%20on%20unincorporated%20associations%20%2800673349-4xA3536%29%5B1%5D.pdf?version=1&modificationDate=1430519890000&api=v2" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">https://community.icann.org/download/attachments/52890082/REVISED%20memo%20on%20unincorporated%20associations%20%2800673349-4xA3536%29%5B1%5D.pdf?version=1&modificationDate=1430519890000&api=v2</a><br>
<br>
-James<br>
<br></span>
*From:*<a href="mailto:accountability-cross-community-bounces@icann.org" target="_blank">accountability-cross-community-bounces@icann.org</a><br>
[mailto:<a href="mailto:accountability-cross-community-bounces@icann.org" target="_blank">accountability-cross-community-bounces@icann.org</a>] *On Behalf Of<br>
*Gregory, Holly<br>
*Sent:* Thursday, July 09, 2015 4:59 PM<br>
*To:* el@lisse.NA; <a href="mailto:accountability-cross-community@icann.org" target="_blank">accountability-cross-community@icann.org</a><br>
*Cc:* <a href="mailto:directors@omadhina.net" target="_blank">directors@omadhina.net</a>; Rosemary E. Fei<br>
*Subject:* Re: [CCWG-ACCT] member organization and single membership<br>
structure<br>
<br>
Will do shortly.<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
Sent with Good (<a href="http://www.good.com" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">www.good.com</a> <<a href="http://www.good.com" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">http://www.good.com</a>>)**<br>
<br>
**<br>
<br>
------------------------------------------------------------------------<br>
<br>
*From:*<a href="mailto:accountability-cross-community-bounces@icann.org" target="_blank">accountability-cross-community-bounces@icann.org</a><br>
<mailto:<a href="mailto:accountability-cross-community-bounces@icann.org" target="_blank">accountability-cross-community-bounces@icann.org</a>> on behalf of<br>
Dr Eberhard Lisse<br>
*Sent:* Thursday, July 09, 2015 10:21:44 AM<br>
*To:* <a href="mailto:accountability-cross-community@icann.org" target="_blank">accountability-cross-community@icann.org</a><br>
<mailto:<a href="mailto:accountability-cross-community@icann.org" target="_blank">accountability-cross-community@icann.org</a>><br>
*Cc:* <a href="mailto:directors@omadhina.net" target="_blank">directors@omadhina.net</a> <mailto:<a href="mailto:directors@omadhina.net" target="_blank">directors@omadhina.net</a>><br>
*Subject:* Re: [CCWG-ACCT] member organization and single membership<span class=""><br>
structure<br>
<br>
Holly,<br>
<br>
can you please point to the link or the subject line for ease of reference?<br>
<br>
el<br>
<br>
On 2015-07-09 15:51, Gregory, Holly wrote:<br>
<blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex">
In California the unincorporated association form provides protection to<br>
participants from liability. There is a legal memo from pre- Buenos<br>
Aires that addresses.<br>
</blockquote>
[...]<br>
<br>
--<br>
Dr. Eberhard W. Lisse \ / Obstetrician & Gynaecologist (Saar)<br></span>
el@lisse.NA <mailto:<a href="mailto:el@lisse.NA" target="_blank">el@lisse.NA</a>> / * | Telephone: +264<span class=""><br>
81 124 6733 (cell)<br>
PO Box 8421 \ /<br>
Bachbrecht, Namibia ;____/<br>
_______________________________________________<br>
Accountability-Cross-Community mailing list<br>
<a href="mailto:Accountability-Cross-Community@icann.org" target="_blank">Accountability-Cross-Community@icann.org</a><br></span>
<mailto:<a href="mailto:Accountability-Cross-Community@icann.org" target="_blank">Accountability-Cross-Community@icann.org</a>><span class=""><br>
<a href="https://mm.icann.org/mailman/listinfo/accountability-cross-community" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">https://mm.icann.org/mailman/listinfo/accountability-cross-community</a><br>
<br>
****************************************************************************************************<br>
This e-mail is sent by a law firm and may contain information that is<br>
privileged or confidential.<br>
If you are not the intended recipient, please delete the e-mail and any<br>
attachments and notify us<br>
immediately.<br>
<br>
****************************************************************************************************<br>
<br>
</span></blockquote><div class="HOEnZb"><div class="h5">
_______________________________________________<br>
Accountability-Cross-Community mailing list<br>
<a href="mailto:Accountability-Cross-Community@icann.org" target="_blank">Accountability-Cross-Community@icann.org</a><br>
<a href="https://mm.icann.org/mailman/listinfo/accountability-cross-community" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">https://mm.icann.org/mailman/listinfo/accountability-cross-community</a><br>
</div></div></blockquote></div><br></div>