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    Nigel,<br>
    with all respect, I think Holly and others were trying to reply the
    question of applicable law. <br>
    I will try again.<br>
    There are three possible ways to commit to human rights:<br>
    - respect <br>
    - protect<br>
    - enforce.<br>
    The latter two are reserved for the governments.<br>
    The bylaw is constructed in the following way:<br>
    - the first part means the full commitment to <b>respecting</b>
    human rights.<br>
    - the second part says that those functions reserved for the
    governmental intervention (enforce+protect) are outside of the scope
    of the ICANN commitment <b>unless </b>there is applicable law.<br>
    The second part doesn't exclude the full commitment to respect.<br>
    ICANN can't really protect and enforce, in my opinion anyway. It's
    not the governmental body, it is not a regulator. <br>
    But it can fully commit to respect. And this is what the proposed
    bylaw does. The applicable law clause is not applicable to the
    "respect" obligation.<br>
    I am very much against making ICANN a human rights watchdog and what
    I am getting from your emails is that you are insisting on it.<br>
    This is a clear no-go as we discussed at WP4 and CCWG.<br>
    <br>
    Best regards<br>
    Tatiana <br>
    <br>
    <div class="moz-cite-prefix">On 28/01/16 14:14, Nigel Roberts wrote:<br>
    </div>
    <blockquote cite="mid:56AA142A.3060102@channelisles.net" type="cite">With
      respect, the point that there is no applicable law has NOT been
      addressed, it has been ignored repeated.
      <br>
      <br>
      If ICANN does not accept the Human Rights principles voluntarily,
      there is no applicable law that requires them to. That why a
      commitment to do so is required, and it needs to be entrenched so
      that a future ICANN Board.
      <br>
      <br>
      To understand why some of us outside the US are not convinced . .
      <br>
      <br>
      <br>
      <br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="http://business-humanrights.org/en/bringing-rights-home-four-reasons-why-the-us-must-act-to-curb-rights-abuses-by-companies-domestically-not-just-abroad">http://business-humanrights.org/en/bringing-rights-home-four-reasons-why-the-us-must-act-to-curb-rights-abuses-by-companies-domestically-not-just-abroad</a>
      <br>
      <br>
      <br>
      <br>
      <br>
      <br>
      <br>
      On 28/01/16 12:50, Matthew Shears wrote:
      <br>
      <blockquote type="cite">I think we need to follow our process.  We
        have worked very hard to get
        <br>
        to the point that we are at on HR.  We have, with the help of
        outside
        <br>
        counsel, addressed the concerns that have been raised by various
        parts
        <br>
        of the community.  Do we really need to pursue alternative paths
        that
        <br>
        may not satisfy the CCWG and could add additional delays to our
        work?
        <br>
        The CCWG has been discussing Human Rights in ICANN now for a
        <br>
        considerable period of time and should bring Rec 6 to a close.
        <br>
        <br>
        On 28/01/2016 13:13, Kavouss Arasteh wrote:
        <br>
        <blockquote type="cite">Nigel
          <br>
          We do not release the Board once the framework of
          interpretation is
          <br>
          prepared-and approved as results of WS2. We mention that in
          the bylaw
          <br>
          the need that ICANN MUST RESPECT HR but we postpone the exact
          text
          <br>
          reflecting the case . In the meantime , we consider the
          Board,s Res.
          <br>
          Providing a firm commitment to fully respect, observe and
          implement
          <br>
          the referenced HR once we receive that Res. And approve with
          out
          <br>
          without amendment
          <br>
          Regards
          <br>
          Kavouss
          <br>
          <br>
          Sent from my iPhone
          <br>
          <br>
          <blockquote type="cite">On 28 Jan 2016, at 12:18, Nigel
            Roberts <a class="moz-txt-link-rfc2396E" href="mailto:nigel@channelisles.net">&lt;nigel@channelisles.net&gt;</a> wrote:
            <br>
            <br>
            With respect, I disagree 100% with Tatiana's position.
            <br>
            <br>
            Whilst I have serious reservations -- based on historical
            behaviour
            <br>
            of the then Board -- that a commitment based on a Board
            committment
            <br>
            will be upheld, I still think that trusting the Board to
            deliver on
            <br>
            this in a Framework/WS2 is preferable to a by-law designed
            by
            <br>
            committee of the loudest objectors, which on a strict
            construction
            <br>
            (i.e. taking a strict legal interpretation) complete
            relieves the
            <br>
            corporation of any obligations to respect human rights
            *other than
            <br>
            those right that have "domestic horizontal application") .
            <br>
            <br>
            We need to place it at the heart of ICANN's approach to its
            special
            <br>
            world-wide role.
            <br>
            <br>
            I suggest WS2 may even examine the UDHR in detail and
            compare it to
            <br>
            ICANN@s work. You will probably find that except for the
            three or
            <br>
            four core Rights whic are REALLY important to ICANN;s work
            most of
            <br>
            the others are either obviously inapplicable, or tritely
            applicable.
            <br>
            <br>
            I am therefore surprised to find myself largely agreeing
            with the
            <br>
            Board's approach, than the dog's breakfast that proposal
            seems to
            <br>
            have reached.
            <br>
            <br>
            <br>
            <blockquote type="cite">On 28/01/16 11:02, Niels ten Oever
              wrote:
              <br>
              I think we should indeed keep the discussion clear by
              discussing issues
              <br>
              the board might have the current text, based on legal
              analysis,
              <br>
              case-law, examples or otherwise.
              <br>
              <br>
              If the CCWG doesn't receive this, I think we should go
              ahead as
              <br>
              concluded in the last call.
              <br>
              <br>
              Best,
              <br>
              <br>
              Niels
              <br>
              <br>
              PS I would of course very much welcome any concrete
              commitment of the
              <br>
              board to human rights and I think it could strengthen the
              work we'll do
              <br>
              in WS2 when the bylaw is in place.
              <br>
              <br>
              <blockquote type="cite">On 01/28/2016 10:51 AM, Tropina,
                Tatiana wrote:
                <br>
                Dear all,
                <br>
                <br>
                I believe that the commitment of the board to support
                human rights
                <br>
                principles is indeed a great constructive move that can
                be
                <br>
                wholeheartedly welcome. However, if it is going to be
                done to divert
                <br>
                the discussion from the main question, namely: what are
                the risks
                <br>
                that the board sees if the bylaw text suggested on the
                last call
                <br>
                (dormant bylaw) will be adopted? - I don't think it can
                be considered
                <br>
                as a proper way forward. It has been discussed many
                times that
                <br>
                commitment to human rights is a community exercise, I
                doubt that the
                <br>
                top down commitment can replace the proper bylaw.
                Moreover, I am not
                <br>
                sure that a resolution to respect human rights adopted
                in urgency to
                <br>
                avoid the bylaw is a good substitute for the approach
                CCWG suggested
                <br>
                after many hours of discussions and many attempts to
                find a solution
                <br>
                that will address everyone's concern. If the board's
                resolution is
                <br>
                what we are getting as an alternative to the bylaw, I am
                not certain
                <br>
                it can be considered as a compromise. I am ready for
                constructive
                <br>
                discussions, but when top-down approach replaces the
                community
                <br>
                exercise I rather become cautious and concerned.
                <br>
                <br>
                Best regards, Tatiana
                ________________________________________ From:
                <br>
                <a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:accountability-cross-community-bounces@icann.org">accountability-cross-community-bounces@icann.org</a>
                <br>
                [<a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:accountability-cross-community-bounces@icann.org">accountability-cross-community-bounces@icann.org</a>] on
                behalf of
                <br>
                Kavouss Arasteh [<a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:kavouss.arasteh@gmail.com">kavouss.arasteh@gmail.com</a>] Sent: 28
                January 2016
                <br>
                10:04 To: <a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:accountability-cross-community@icann.org">accountability-cross-community@icann.org</a>;
                Bruce Tonkin
                <br>
                Subject: Re: [CCWG-ACCT] Regarding mission statement and
                human
                <br>
                rights
                <br>
                <br>
                Bruce, Your Resolution needs to capture major elements
                of the
                <br>
                Recommendation regarding HF WITH A CLEAR ONE OR MORE
                RESOLVES TO
                <br>
                provide the firm committment. Regards Kavouss
                <br>
                <br>
                2016-01-28 8:58 GMT+01:00 Kavouss Arasteh
                <br>
                &lt;<a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:kavouss.arasteh@gmail.com">kavouss.arasteh@gmail.com</a><a class="moz-txt-link-rfc2396E" href="mailto:kavouss.arasteh@gmail.com">&lt;mailto:kavouss.arasteh@gmail.com&gt;</a>&gt;:
                Yes
                <br>
                You are absolutely right. I can not agree more than what
                you very
                <br>
                well described, But THERE ARE MAJOR DIVERGENCE OF VIEWS
                . We have two
                <br>
                options : One which was on the table by CCWG as a
                possible emerged
                <br>
                consensus Another as the Board mentioned BUT to be
                accompanied by a
                <br>
                strong REsolution as a firm committments to respect
                ,observe and
                <br>
                implement the fundamental right as you mentined, That
                Board's
                <br>
                Resolution yet to be drafted agreed by Board ,examined
                by CCWG and
                <br>
                ensorded by CCWG Regards Kavouss
                <br>
                <br>
                2016-01-28 5:42 GMT+01:00 Seth Johnson
                <br>
&lt;<a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:seth.p.johnson@gmail.com">seth.p.johnson@gmail.com</a><a class="moz-txt-link-rfc2396E" href="mailto:seth.p.johnson@gmail.com">&lt;mailto:seth.p.johnson@gmail.com&gt;</a>&gt;:
                <br>
                Seriously need to say fundamental rights are the
                question.  Treaty
                <br>
                human rights are weak, and the concern has to be that
                the transition
                <br>
                involves a loss of the strict standard that relates to
                fundamental
                <br>
                rights.  This might have been the standard the NTIA
                would have been
                <br>
                expected to apply in its semiregular reviews of ICANN. 
                But note,
                <br>
                since there's no reference to the constitution (of the
                US, just by
                <br>
                happenstance, could have been any other country with a
                <br>
                constitutional basis for rights) but just rights like
                free speech,
                <br>
                the NTIA is free to just say all they would have applied
                would have
                <br>
                been the standards that apply internationally.
                <br>
                <br>
                The UN always says "human rights" and "fundamental
                freedoms" rather
                <br>
                than "fundamental rights" because saying fundamental
                raises the
                <br>
                issue of the fact that treaty-based rights are weak.
                <br>
                <br>
                The international standard is really weak.  There's no
                way to
                <br>
                overrule a treaty on the basis of another treaty,
                because even if one
                <br>
                is on human rights and another is on, say, fighting
                terror, both are
                <br>
                enacted by the same "body" -- participating
                governments.  So the
                <br>
                standard is at best how do the two treaties interact and
                balance
                <br>
                against each other.
                <br>
                <br>
                If you just issue a statement on human rights, they've
                conned the
                <br>
                group again, all along keeping the discussion narrowly
                focused on
                <br>
                the issue of how to structure ICANN -- which never could
                have
                <br>
                addressed the implications of the transition, from the
                start -- as I
                <br>
                think you are seeing.
                <br>
                <br>
                <br>
                Seth Johnson
                <br>
                <br>
                On Wed, Jan 27, 2016 at 4:06 PM, Bruce Tonkin
                <br>
&lt;<a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:Bruce.Tonkin@melbourneit.com.au">Bruce.Tonkin@melbourneit.com.au</a><a class="moz-txt-link-rfc2396E" href="mailto:Bruce.Tonkin@melbourneit.com.au">&lt;mailto:Bruce.Tonkin@melbourneit.com.au&gt;</a>&gt;
                <br>
                <br>
                wrote:
                <br>
                <blockquote type="cite">Hello Kavouss,
                  <br>
                  <br>
                  <br>
                  <blockquote type="cite">
                    <blockquote type="cite">For the Human Rights issue,
                      one suggestion was to follow the
                      <br>
                      Board's request ( Not to include any thing about
                      HR in the
                      <br>
                      transitional/ intermediate Bylaws but receiving
                      the Board's
                      <br>
                      FIRM Commitment IN A BOARD'S RESOLUTION APPROVED
                      AND SENT TO
                      <br>
                      CCWG IMMEDIATELY) enabling CCWG whether it could
                      endorse that
                      <br>
                      and annex it to the Bylaws to cool down those who
                      are worried
                      <br>
                      about the HR.
                      <br>
                    </blockquote>
                  </blockquote>
                  Thanks for this suggestion.   It is under active
                  consideration by
                  <br>
                  the Board.
                  <br>
                  <br>
                  One possible option is that we pass a resolution in
                  support of
                  <br>
                  human rights principles in our meeting in Singapore
                  next week.
                  <br>
                  <br>
                  I will provide an update next week.
                  <br>
                  <br>
                  Regards, Bruce Tonkin
                  <br>
                  _______________________________________________
                  <br>
                  Accountability-Cross-Community mailing list
                  <br>
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              </blockquote>
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              <br>
              <blockquote type="cite">
                <br>
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            </blockquote>
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      Accountability-Cross-Community mailing list
      <br>
      <a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:Accountability-Cross-Community@icann.org">Accountability-Cross-Community@icann.org</a>
      <br>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://mm.icann.org/mailman/listinfo/accountability-cross-community">https://mm.icann.org/mailman/listinfo/accountability-cross-community</a>
      <br>
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