<div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif">I agree with Milton.</div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif"><br></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif">In the interests of discourse, however, I would ask Drs. Schweighofer and Jabbour: What "international law" are you referring to? </div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif"><br></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif">It's clearly not the law among states, as Milton notes. It's also not international private law, which, as Nigel notes, is primarily contractual in nature. Perhaps a more detailed explanation would help resuscitate the point. Quite a number of people have used the term "international law" in discussions about ICANN policy and policy-making, but I've yet to see any cogent explanation of what body or sector of law and law-making they are referring to. Maybe we have a failure of communication, rather than a failure of concept.</div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif"><br></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif">I might also ask, what "international law community" is being referred to? Academics? Practicing lawyers? Government and/or IGO representatives? All of the above? As John Curran notes, members of that community are more than welcome to participate in this community's processes (and I assume that these emails may be a sign, however tentative, of that engagement). A generic determination of the "Global Public Interest" (if such a thing is even possible) by an "international law community" would only be of interest as a high level input to our processes. As I noted before, any determination of the Global Public Interest must begin with a discussion of context, i.e., "the Global Public Interest in what?"</div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif"><br></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif">Greg</div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif"><br></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif"><br></div></div><div class="gmail_extra"><br><div class="gmail_quote">On Sun, Jul 10, 2016 at 9:21 PM, Mueller, Milton L <span dir="ltr"><<a href="mailto:milton@gatech.edu" target="_blank">milton@gatech.edu</a>></span> wrote:<br><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex">
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1f497d">Dr. Jabbour and Schweighofer:<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1f497d">International law is law among states. ICANN is not a state and, unlike an intergovernmental organization, its participants are not states, but primarily private
sector stakeholders. Those stakeholders make policy themselves, via a bottom up process. Insofar as ICANN makes “law” it is global and applies only to the global DNS, it is not “international.”<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1f497d"><u></u> <u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1f497d">Thus the concept of “international law” as applied to any determination of GPI made within ICANN is quite irrelevant - except perhaps when ICANN does something
that abrogates existing international law, which its bylaws tell it not to do. <u></u>
<u></u></span></p><span class="">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1f497d"><u></u> <u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1f497d">Dr. Milton L. Mueller<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1f497d">Professor, School of Public Policy<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1f497d">Georgia Institute of Technology<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1f497d"><u></u> <u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1f497d"><u></u> <u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1f497d"><u></u> <u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><a name="m_-2004603310323369369__MailEndCompose"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1f497d"><u></u> <u></u></span></a></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">From:</span></b><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"> Dr. Mona Al-achkar JAbbour [mailto:<a href="mailto:maj_aj@hotmail.com" target="_blank">maj_aj@hotmail.com</a>]
<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Sunday, July 10, 2016 7:41 AM<br>
<b>To:</b> Schweighofer Erich <<a href="mailto:erich.schweighofer@univie.ac.at" target="_blank">erich.schweighofer@univie.ac.at</a>>; Mueller, Milton L <<a href="mailto:milton@gatech.edu" target="_blank">milton@gatech.edu</a>>; Greg Shatan <<a href="mailto:gregshatanipc@gmail.com" target="_blank">gregshatanipc@gmail.com</a>>; Aikman-Scalese, Anne <<a href="mailto:aaikman@lrrc.com" target="_blank">aaikman@lrrc.com</a>><br>
<b>Cc:</b> Thomas Rickert <<a href="mailto:thomas@rickert.net" target="_blank">thomas@rickert.net</a>>; Accountability Cross Community <<a href="mailto:accountability-cross-community@icann.org" target="_blank">accountability-cross-community@icann.org</a>><br>
<b>Subject:</b> RE: [CCWG-ACCT] CCWG-Accountability - Draft Comment for Public Consultation on Articles of Incorporation (AOC)<u></u><u></u></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><u></u> <u></u></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">I totally agree with Erich<u></u><u></u></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">Actually, the "Global Interest" cannot be defined and agreed on, outside the international Law<u></u><u></u></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">Best<u></u><u></u></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">Mona<u></u><u></u></span></p>
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<div class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center"><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">
<hr size="5" width="100%" align="center">
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">From:
<a href="mailto:erich.schweighofer@univie.ac.at" target="_blank">erich.schweighofer@univie.ac.at</a><br>
To: <a href="mailto:milton@gatech.edu" target="_blank">milton@gatech.edu</a>; <a href="mailto:gregshatanipc@gmail.com" target="_blank">
gregshatanipc@gmail.com</a>; <a href="mailto:AAikman@lrrc.com" target="_blank">AAikman@lrrc.com</a><br>
Date: Sat, 9 Jul 2016 08:50:04 +0000<br>
CC: <a href="mailto:thomas@rickert.net" target="_blank">thomas@rickert.net</a>; <a href="mailto:accountability-cross-community@icann.org" target="_blank">
accountability-cross-community@icann.org</a><br>
Subject: Re: [CCWG-ACCT] CCWG-Accountability - Draft Comment for Public Consultation on Articles of Incorporation (AOC)<u></u><u></u></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1f497d">ICANN cannot determine the Global Public Interest alone, that is the work of the international law community world-wide, taking into account present
methodology for developing customary international law. I am working on a study on that because I find this concept strong enough to act as a mediator between so different interests of international community in its now different forms – states, civil society,
business etc. but also takes into account present major stakeholders like state or inter-governmental international organisations. In my humble opinion, it is the phrase for respect of international law for new international actors on the global plane like
ICANN. Besides the regulatory concept of this term, the other elements of adjudication and enforcement should be not forgotten.
</span><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"><u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1f497d">Best,
</span><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"><u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1f497d">Erich Schweighofer
</span><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"><u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1f497d"> </span><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"><u></u><u></u></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span lang="DE" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma",sans-serif">Von:</span></b><span lang="DE" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma",sans-serif">
<a href="mailto:accountability-cross-community-bounces@icann.org" target="_blank">accountability-cross-community-bounces@icann.org</a> [<a href="mailto:accountability-cross-community-bounces@icann.org" target="_blank">mailto:accountability-cross-community-bounces@icann.org</a>]
<b>Im Auftrag von </b>Mueller, Milton L<br>
<b>Gesendet:</b> Samstag, 09. Juli 2016 05:15<br>
<b>An:</b> Greg Shatan; Aikman-Scalese, Anne<br>
<b>Cc:</b> Thomas Rickert; Accountability Cross Community<br>
<b>Betreff:</b> Re: [CCWG-ACCT] CCWG-Accountability - Draft Comment for Public Consultation on Articles of Incorporation (AOC)</span><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"><u></u><u></u></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"> <u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1f497d"> </span><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"><u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1f497d"> </span><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"><u></u><u></u></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif">There is no requirement in the revised Bylaws that the Global Public Interest be determined, or that such a determination is needed (or even desirable) for ICANN (the Board, the Corporation
and/or the Community) to make decisions..</span><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"><u></u><u></u></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif"> </span><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"><u></u><u></u></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif">There is a requirement that
<i>if</i> the Global Public Interest is determined, it will be done by the multistakeholder community through an inclusive bottom-up multistakeholder community process.</span><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"><u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1f497d"> </span><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"><u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1f497d">MM: Agreed.</span><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"><u></u><u></u></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif"> </span><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"><u></u><u></u></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif">a determination of the "public interest." ICANN is no exception. The "Global Public Interest" standard has been in ICANN's Bylaws since the beginning; this is nothing<span style="color:#1f497d">
new</span> </span><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"><u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1f497d"> </span><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"><u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1f497d">MM: No, it hasn’t. Check if you wish:
<a href="https://www.icann.org/resources/unthemed-pages/bylaws-1998-11-23-en" target="_blank">
https://www.icann.org/resources/unthemed-pages/bylaws-1998-11-23-en</a></span><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"><u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1f497d">ICANN was incorporated as a California “public benefit corporation” (i.e., a nonprofit) but the “global public interest” standard is quite new and those of us
with knowledge of history of utility regulation in the U.S. understand where a public interest standard comes from and what are its implications (basically, blanket grant of authority to determine what is good for us). Most of us don’t want ICANN to have that
power. Some people still can’t cough out an acknowledgment that ICANN is a regulator.</span><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"><u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1f497d"> </span><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"><u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1f497d">Dr. Milton L. Mueller</span><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"><u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1f497d">Professor, School of Public Policy</span><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"><u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1f497d">Georgia Institute of Technology</span><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"><u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1f497d"> </span><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"><u></u><u></u></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1f497d"> </span><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"><u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1f497d"> </span><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"><u></u><u></u></span></p>
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