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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:1.0in"><b><span style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"">In the interest of helping to focus the discussion on our call today, Sidley offers the following observations:<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in"><span style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif""><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:1.0in"><span style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"">Our ability to provide high-quality legal advice is directly related to our understanding of the concerns that give rise to your questions and the opportunity to
undertake research. The more context that is provided with a question the better able we are to focus our research and our responses in a way that addresses your concern. We received the agenda this morning and do not fully understand the concerns and implications
underlying the questions, nor have we had an opportunity to undertake additional research. That said, we look forward to the discussion and offer these initial reactions to the questions stated in the agenda to help further focus that discussion. We note
also that additional questions have just been circulated for discussion on the call, and we will review. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:1.0in"><b><i><span style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif""><o:p> </o:p></span></i></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:1.0in"><b><span style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"">A. Jurisdiction: What provisions, if any, can be included in the Bylaws or articles of incorporation related to jurisdiction issues? Is that possible under
current ICANN’s structure? What extra accountability would changing jurisdiction bring to the community?</span></b><span style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif""><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:1.0in"><span style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif""><br>
<b>1.</b> <b>Addressing jurisdiction in articles and bylaws and whether possible under ICANN’s structure:</b> Under concepts of state corporate law in the US, the entity’s articles of incorporation set forth the jurisdiction under which a corporation is formed<b><i>
</i></b>. The laws of the jurisdiction of formation (currently for ICANN, California) govern the internal affairs of the corporation (the<b><i>
</i></b>“ internal affairs doctrine“)<b><i> </i></b>. These internal affairs include issues that one would expect to see expressed in bylaws such as how the entity is organized internally and the various roles and decision rights and responsibilities of key
participants: members or designators (if any), directors and officers, and other key constituents.
<b><i><span style="color:#1F497D"> </span></i></b><span style="color:#1F497D">Generally the
</span></span><span style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"">corporation has to have s a "registered office" in the state of incorporation but it may have its
</span><span style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"">primary office in another jurisdiction. There is also flexibility to provide for alternate dispute resolutions and to designate specific choice of law provisions for such dispute resolution. For example,
<b><i> </i></b>the bylaws can set up alternative dispute resolution processes subject to binding international arbitration that follows bespoke rules formulated and agreed to by the community in the bylaws and other core documents. Although this does not
fully allow the community to establish a comprehensive and binding private international law, and some court challenges will remain possible for entities organized under the laws of any jurisdiction, this would allow for the resolution of most disputes in
a manner consistent with the legal norms of the multi-stakeholder community, as has long been the case with respect to domain name disputes. Outside of bylaw provisions, contracting parties typically specify what law shall govern specific contractual arrangements
and <b><i> </i></b>provide for<b><i> </i></b>specific mechanisms to apply for dispute resolution. For example CA law need not be the law chosen to rule a particular contractual relation. And contracts with third parties can define alternate jurisdictions
and mechanisms to resolve legal disagreements. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in"><b><i><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif""><o:p> </o:p></span></i></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:1.0in"><span style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"">To the extent that this question<b><i>
</i></b>is intended to relate to <b><i> </i></b>establishing a commitment to review where ICANN should be incorporated in the future, we need more information about what is sought to be accomplished<b><i>
</i></b> and the opportunity to undertake specific research. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in"><b><i><span style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif""><o:p> </o:p></span></i></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:1.0in"><span style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"">To the extent that this question is about locking in a jurisdiction
<b><i> </i></b>for formation or for dispute resolution or other purposes such that it is very difficult to change in the future, we<b><i>
</i></b>would need to undertake research and also explore the pros and cons of such an approach and how it might be effectuated for example through a very high threshold for amendment or golden bylaw. <br>
<br>
<b>2. <i> </i>Extra accountability mechanisms in other jurisdictions:</b> As to
<b><i> </i></b>whether extra accountability mechanisms <b><i> </i></b>are available in other jurisdictions, we would have to engage in research<b><i>
</i></b> and it would be helpful to have direction as to several jurisdictions of interest rather than canvas the entire set of possibilities. We are not aware without further research of a jurisdiction that offers extra accountability mechanisms that could
not be created in the flexible framework provided by state corporate law in the US Before we
<b><i> </i></b>undertake research on this question it would be helpful to better understand the underlying concern that is driving this question.
<br>
<br>
<b>B. Liability: Which would be the liability of those persons conforming the proposed bodies? (IRP, Supervisory Board) Has the figure of a supervisory board has been put in practice in California?
<o:p></o:p></b></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:1.0in"><b><span style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif""><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:1.0in"><b><span style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"">1. Liability of persons participating on proposed bodies:</span></b><span style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif""> While directors and officers of a corporation
take on certain responsibilities and liabilities as fiduciaries, it is relatively rare for a director or officer of a non-profit corporation to be found liable for breach of duty absent malfeasance – for example engaging in self-dealing. In addition, the
corporation generally can exculpate (hold harmless) and indemnify (promise to pay for a financial liability outcome) so long as the act was not criminal or a breach of the duty of loyalty (self-dealing) or otherwise in bad faith. As to other persons – for
examples members of a review panel, these same protections of exculpation and indemnification are available. Generally there are a variety of protections available to help protect persons involved in ICANN governance from personal liability. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:1.0in"><b><span style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif""><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:1.0in"><b><span style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"">2. Supervisory boards:</span></b><span style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif""> A two tier board structure – with of a supervisory board and a management
board is generally not a specific legal construct under state corporate law in the US. State corporate law generally contemplates that the board of directors has authority to manage and direct the affairs of the corporation and that the board typically delegates
management functions to a group of officers. Those officers are not typically organized into a “managing board” (but this may be a difference without much specific legal import). Additionally, a board can delegate to a board committee in ways that can
mimic some aspects of the distinction between a supervisory board and a management board , although if that board committee takes on management tasks there is some risk that its members could be viewed to take on the heightened legal responsibilities and liabilities
associated with corporate officers. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:1.0in"><span style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif""><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:1.0in"><span style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif""><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="margin-left:.5in;text-align:center">Legal Sub-Team Meeting<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="margin-left:.5in;text-align:center">April 1<sup>st</sup>, 2015<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="margin-left:.5in;text-align:center"> <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left:1.0in;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.25in">
1-<span style="font-size:7.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""> </span>
Welcome & roll call (2 minutes)<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left:1.0in;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.25in">
2-<span style="font-size:7.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""> </span>
Methodology (8 minutes)<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left:1.0in;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.25in">
3-<span style="font-size:7.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""> </span>
Review of Community Empowerment (15 minutes)<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left:1.5in;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.25in">
a.<span style="font-size:7.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""> </span>
Board removal<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left:1.5in;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.25in">
b.<span style="font-size:7.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""> </span>
Budget approval<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left:1.5in;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.25in">
c.<span style="font-size:7.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""> </span>
Bylaw approval<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left:1.5in;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.25in">
d.<span style="font-size:7.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""> </span>
Golden Bylaws<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left:1.0in;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.25in">
4-<span style="font-size:7.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""> </span>
Jurisdiction: What provisions, if any, can be included in the Bylaws or articles of incorporation related to jurisdiction issues? Is that possible under current ICANN’s structure? What extra accountability would changing jurisdiction bring to the community?
(10 minutes)<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left:1.0in;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.25in">
5-<span style="font-size:7.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""> </span>
Liability: Which would be the liability of those persons conforming the proposed bodies? (IRP, Supervisory Board) Has the figure of a supervisory board has been put in practice in California? (10 minutes)<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left:1.0in;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.25in">
6-<span style="font-size:7.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""> </span>
Comments on the initial feedback received (10 minutes)<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left:1.0in;text-align:justify;text-indent:-.25in">
7-<span style="font-size:7.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif""> </span>
AOB (5 minutes)<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoPlainText" style="margin-left:.5in"> <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:1.0in"><span style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif""> <br>
<br>
<br>
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><b><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">HOLLY</span></b><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"> </span><b><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">GREGORY</span></b><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"><br>
Partner<br>
<br>
</span><b><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">Sidley Austin LLP</span></b><b><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"><br>
</span></b><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">+1.212.839.5853<br>
<a href="mailto:holly.gregory@sidley.com" title="Click to send email to Gregory, Holly">holly.gregory@sidley.com</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"> </span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<div style="border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in 0in 0in">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in"><b><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"">From:</span></b><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif""> ccwg-accountability5-bounces@icann.org [mailto:ccwg-accountability5-bounces@icann.org]
<b>On Behalf Of </b>McAuley, David<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Wednesday, April 01, 2015 9:49 AM<br>
<b>To:</b> ccwg-accountability5@icann.org; León Felipe Sánchez Ambía (leonfelipe@sanchez.mx)<br>
<b>Subject:</b> [Acct-Legal] Some questions<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"">Hi Leon and legal sub-team colleagues,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif""><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"">We have one hour today and loads of questions already. So I will list questions below but understand we will likely not get to these today.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif""><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"">I agree with sentiments expressed in the overnight message traffic that we should spend a bit of time today on organizational issues and I like the
idea of creating a central questions repository that might make things a bit easier to follow for ourselves as well as the full CCWG.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif""><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"">Here are the questions I have:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif""><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"">For Adler/Colvin:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif""> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"">What is ICANN presently, member or designator or blended or none of these?<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif""> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"">If it is one, can it change to another without a new IRS review of tax status?<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif""> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"">What specifically would it mean to structure an SO or AC as an unincorporated association? Does it implicate liability on their part? Is there a
chance they are already such status? <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif""> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"">Two-tiered board: Can the full board step in and overturn an executive committee decision at any time, say even five years later?
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif""> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"">Can a California board be required to keep detailed meeting minutes including vote tallies by member, or can meetings be recorded and open to inspection?
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif""> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"">If so, could certain subjects be “walled off” to comply with applicable privacy laws? By “walled off” I mean recorded in some manner but unavailable
for inspection absent some threshold showing consistent with applicable privacy law.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif""> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"">Would a board committee be an appropriate tool to keep check on mission creep?<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif""> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"">If a hybrid structure is used (combination of corporate and contract law) would the contract be of indefinite duration? Who would the parties be?
Would third-party beneficiaries feature in that arrangement? Could termination protections be sufficiently robust to protect the community? Are the remedies of specific performance or mandamus practically speaking remedies that would take years?<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif""> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"">While I understand that a board member can be selected for the board by a designator, is it also true that that particular board member may not be
removed over the objection of the particular designator who appointed him/her?<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif""> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"">Would the community’s present apparent desire for an open records policy of some additional heft over the existing one (currently referred to in
ICANN as the Documentary Information Disclosure Policy (DIDP) <a href="https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__www.icann.org_resources_pages_didp-2D2012-2D02-2D25-2Den&d=AwMGaQ&c=Od00qP2XTg0tXf_H69-T2w&r=1-1w8mU_eFprE2Nn9QnYf01XIV88MOwkXwHYEbF2Y_8&m=yvJswtagqdJJggtRzBzF-rPlXKnocjXGflRDeZteozc&s=Yzyvt7PsmOIvNUa-PZj-rVkq89fZBaMGx_XrWwGkWVo&e=">
<span style="color:windowtext">https://www.icann.org/resources/pages/didp-2012-02-25-en</span></a>) be something that should be handled in a bylaw? Does California have any law respecting access to non-profit organization records that would restrict access
or enlarge it?<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif""> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"">For Sidley:
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif""> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"">Your advice of March 27 says (at page 5) that the member review and approval right over a board decision not to accept the recommendation of a specified
group (I am particularly interested in IRP) is a potential mechanism “to require the Board to take a second look.” Isn’t it more than that, though, if it involves approval – can’t it be a mechanism to require the board to accept the recommendation?
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif""> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"">Thank you all,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif""><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"">David McAuley<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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