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</head><body style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; -webkit-line-break: after-white-space; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: 14px; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; "><div>Dear All,</div><div><br></div><div>To provide some further context in relation to the discussion on Whois Access, please find below an excerpt from the RAP WG Final Report regarding Whois Access.</div><div><br></div><div>With best regards,</div><div><br></div><div>Marika</div><div><br></div><div>
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<h1 style="margin-left:.25in;text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l6 level1 lfo1"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:18.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:16.0pt;line-height:150%;
font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;
color:#365F91"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">7.<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="mso-tab-count:1"> </span></span><a name="_Toc136578495"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:18.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:16.0pt;line-height:150%;
font-family:Calibri;color:#336699">WHOIS Access</span></a><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:18.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:16.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:
Calibri;color:#336699"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family:Calibri"><o:p></o:p></span></h1>
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10.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Calibri"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in;mso-list:l3 level1 lfo9"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family:Calibri;
mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">7.1<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"">
</span></span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><u><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family:Calibri">Issue / Definition<o:p></o:p></span></u></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;
font-family:Calibri"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;
font-family:Calibri">The RAPWG found that the basic accessibility of </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Calibri;
mso-bidi-font-family:"Courier New";mso-bidi-language:HI">WHOIS has an </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Calibri">inherent
relationship to domain registration process abuses, and is a key issue related
to the malicious use of domain names. </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:
11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:"Courier New";
mso-bidi-language:HI">It appears that WHOIS data is not always accessible on a
guaranteed or enforceable basis, is not always provided by registrars in a
reliable, consistent, or predictable fashion, and that users sometimes receive
different WHOIS results depending on where or how they perform the lookup.
These issues interfere with registration processes, registrant decision-making,
and with the ability of parties across the Internet to solve a variety of
problems. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
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font-family:Calibri"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;
font-family:Calibri">WHOIS is an area within GNSO policy-making scope and has had
a long </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;
font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:"Courier New";mso-bidi-language:HI">history
of discussion.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>Below, the RAPWG comments
on the basic availability of and access to WHOIS data, and not the accuracy of
contact data or the use of proxy contact services. To avoid duplication of
effort and charter scope problems, t</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:
11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Calibri">he RAPWG decided to </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Calibri;
mso-bidi-font-family:"Courier New";mso-bidi-language:HI">identify when WHOIS is
seen to be a contributing factor in other problems, and </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Calibri">not to
discuss WHOIS issues for which the GNSO has already commissioned studies.
(Those are: WHOIS contact data accuracy, the use of proxy contact and privacy
services, <span style="color:black">implications of non-ASCII registration data
in WHOIS records</span>, and technical requirements for the WHOIS service
itself – including potential replacements. For background, please see: </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family:Calibri"><a href="http://gnso.icann.org/issues/whois/"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;
line-height:150%;mso-bidi-font-family:"Courier New";mso-bidi-language:HI">http://gnso.icann.org/issues/whois/</span></a></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Calibri;
mso-bidi-font-family:"Courier New";mso-bidi-language:HI">). </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Calibri"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;
font-family:Calibri"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;
font-family:Calibri">WHOIS data availability problems have been discussed in
other GNSO working groups, for example: <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<ul style="margin-top:0in" type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list:l0 level1 lfo2;mso-hyphenate:auto;
tab-stops:list .5in"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:
150%;font-family:Calibri">The Post-Expiration Domain Name Recovery Working
Group (PEDNR-WG) discussed how access to WHOIS data is essential for
parties to determine if contact data has been updated upon the expiration
of a domain name, and to check domain name expiration dates. A majority of
the registrars polled may make substantial updates to WHOIS data upon
expiration.<a style="mso-footnote-id:ftn1" href="#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character:
footnote"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Calibri;
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-fareast-language:AR-SA;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">[1]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a>
<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list:l0 level1 lfo2;mso-hyphenate:auto;
tab-stops:list .5in"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:
150%;font-family:Calibri">The Inter-Registrar Transfer Policy Part A PDP
Working Group (IRTP-WG)<a style="mso-footnote-id:ftn2" href="#_ftn2" name="_ftnref2" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character:footnote"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:11.0pt;
line-height:150%;font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-fareast-language:
AR-SA;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">[2]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a>
noted in its final report that gaining registrars sometimes have
difficulty accessing WHOIS data, and therefore Administrative Contact
e-mail addresses.<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list:l0 level1 lfo2;mso-hyphenate:auto;
tab-stops:list .5in"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:
150%;font-family:Calibri">The Fast-Flux PDP Working Group (FFWG) discussed
how responders must access WHOIS data when mitigating illicit uses of
domain names.<o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ul>
<p class="Default" style="line-height:150%"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;
line-height:150%;font-family:Calibri"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;
font-family:Calibri">Published WHOIS data for domain names involved in
malicious conduct is an irreplaceable part of the investigation and mitigation
processes used by registrars, registry operators, registrants, security
companies, brand owners, victims, and law enforcement.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<ul style="margin-top:0in" type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list:l5 level1 lfo3;mso-hyphenate:auto;
tab-stops:list .5in"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:
150%;font-family:Calibri">The national law enforcement agencies of the United States, the United Kingdom, Australia, Canada, and New Zealand have
recommended that “</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:11.0pt;
line-height:150%;font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:TimesNewRomanPSMT">ICANN
should require Registrars to have a Service Level Agreement for their Port
43 servers.” These authorities consider that this is required in order “to
aid the prevention and disruption of efforts to exploit domain
registration procedures by criminal groups for criminal purposes.”<a style="mso-footnote-id:ftn3" href="#_ftn3" name="_ftnref3" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character:footnote"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:11.0pt;
line-height:150%;font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-font-family:TimesNewRomanPSMT;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-fareast-language:
AR-SA;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">[3]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Calibri"><o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list:l5 level1 lfo3;mso-hyphenate:auto;
tab-stops:list .5in"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:
150%;font-family:Calibri">The Anti-Phishing Working Group’s DNS Policy
Committee has stated that published WHOIS is “an invaluable resource, in
fact, without which most of the cited cases would not have been
successful. For cases in which legitimate machines or services have been
hacked or defrauded, published domain name WHOIS information is an
important tool used to quickly locate and communicate with site owners and
service providers. For cases where domain names are fraudulently
registered, the published domain name WHOIS information can often be tied to
other bogus registrations or proven false to allow for quick shutdown.”<a style="mso-footnote-id:ftn4" href="#_ftn4" name="_ftnref4" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character:footnote"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:11.0pt;
line-height:150%;font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-fareast-language:
AR-SA;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">[4]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ul>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Calibri"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in;mso-list:l3 level1 lfo9"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family:Calibri;
mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">7.2<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"">
</span></span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><u><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family:Calibri">Background<o:p></o:p></span></u></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;
font-family:Calibri"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;
font-family:Calibri">ICANN’s current registry contracts require registry
operators to adhere to port 43 WHOIS Service Level Agreements (SLAs). TheseSLAs require that port 43 WHOIS service be highly accessible and fast. For
example, the .ORG contract requires that WHOIS service be functional at least
99.31% of the time per month (with exceptions for scheduled maintenance), and
that responses be provided in less than 800 milliseconds. Failure of registries
to meet these SLAs have been very rare according to monthly registry reports.<a style="mso-footnote-id:ftn5" href="#_ftn5" name="_ftnref5" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character:footnote"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:
150%;font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-fareast-language:AR-SA;
mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">[5]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;
font-family:Calibri"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;
font-family:Calibri">The majority of gTLD registries are “thick” registries, in
which all authoritative WHOIS data—including contact data—is maintained at the
registry. The .COM and .NET registries are “thin,” and contact data is located
only at each domain name’s sponsoring registrar. Registrars are therefore
responsible for providing WHOIS service for .COM/.NET names so that contactdata may be retrieved. The .COM/.NET registry contains approximately 85% of the
gTLD domains in existence,<a style="mso-footnote-id:ftn6" href="#_ftn6" name="_ftnref6" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character:footnote"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:
150%;font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-fareast-language:AR-SA;
mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">[6]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a> so
registrar WHOIS accessibility is very important. When displaying WHOIS data for
thick TLD domains names—especially on their Web sites—registrars often query
the registry’s WHOIS, and display that output to users.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;
font-family:Calibri"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;
font-family:Calibri">The Registrar Accreditation Agreements (RAAs)<a style="mso-footnote-id:ftn7" href="#_ftn7" name="_ftnref7" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character:footnote"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:
150%;font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-fareast-language:AR-SA;
mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">[7]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a> require
that registrars provide:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<ul style="margin-top:0in" type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list:l4 level1 lfo4;mso-hyphenate:auto;
tab-stops:list .5in"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:
150%;font-family:Calibri">port 43 WHOIS access<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list:l4 level1 lfo4;mso-hyphenate:auto;
tab-stops:list .5in"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:
150%;font-family:Calibri">a Web-based WHOIS<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list:l4 level1 lfo4;mso-hyphenate:auto;
tab-stops:list .5in"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:
150%;font-family:Calibri">a listed set of information (WHOIS data fields),
including: <o:p></o:p></span></li>
<ul style="margin-top:0in" type="circle">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list:l4 level2 lfo4;mso-hyphenate:auto;
tab-stops:list 1.0in"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:11.0pt;
line-height:150%;font-family:Calibri">identity of the registrar<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list:l4 level2 lfo4;mso-hyphenate:auto;
tab-stops:list 1.0in"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:11.0pt;
line-height:150%;font-family:Calibri">domain name’s expiration date<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list:l4 level2 lfo4;mso-hyphenate:auto;
tab-stops:list 1.0in"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:11.0pt;
line-height:150%;font-family:Calibri">nameservers associated to the
domain; and <o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list:l4 level2 lfo4;mso-hyphenate:auto;
tab-stops:list 1.0in"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:11.0pt;
line-height:150%;font-family:Calibri">specified fields of data for the
Registrant Contact, Administrative Contact, and Technical Contact.<o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ul>
</ul>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;
font-family:Calibri"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;
font-family:Calibri">There are no service levels (SLAs) in the Registrar
Accreditation Agreements (RAAs). A registrar-provided WHOIS service is not
required to be online for any particular amount of time, nor provided with any
particular response speed.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;
font-family:Calibri"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;
font-family:Calibri">Port 43 is designed for use with automated and machinequeries. It can also be queried manually by users who know how to perform
telnet sessions and the “whois" command in Linux/Unix/macosx shell. The
percentage of Internet users who are technically fluent enough to perform these
types of queries (or even know about port 43 at all) is small. Thus, it is
required that registrars have a Web-based WHOIS query on their sites. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;
font-family:Calibri"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;
font-family:Calibri">A sub-team of RAPWG members performed some basic research
by querying the Web-based and port 43 servers of 50 registrars. This set
included the top 20 registrars by gTLD market share, 15 randomly-chosen
mid-sized registrars, and 15 randomly-chosen small registrars. When a
registrar’s site was in a language other than English, the assistance of a
native speaker was obtained. In addition to manual checks, automated queries of
port 43 were performed to test availability over time.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;
font-family:Calibri"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;
font-family:Calibri">The sub-team members found WHOIS accessibility situations
with 19 of the 50 registrars sampled. Four registrars may have been in
violation of their contractual WHOIS access requirements:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<ul style="margin-top:0in" type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list:l1 level1 lfo5;mso-hyphenate:auto;
tab-stops:list .5in"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:
150%;font-family:Calibri">Two did not provide a functional Web-based
WHOIS. <o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list:l1 level1 lfo5;mso-hyphenate:auto;
tab-stops:list .5in"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:
150%;font-family:Calibri">One registrar's WHOIS listed a sponsoring
registrar different from that provided by the .COM/.NET registry WHOIS.
The registrar’s port 43 server provided an expiration date different from
that listed in the registry. The registrar’s Web WHOIS provided two
different expiration dates for the same domain name. <o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list:l1 level1 lfo5;mso-hyphenate:auto;
tab-stops:list .5in"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:
150%;font-family:Calibri">One registrar did not identify the sponsoring
registrar of its domains. The registrar does not operate its port 43
server on the domain indicated by the .COM/.NET registry WHOIS; the
registrar’s WHOIS service is evidently subcontracted to a second registrar
on that registrar’s domain; and the sponsoring registrar’s Web WHOIS is
provided on a third domain not branded as the sponsoring registrar. <o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ul>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;
font-family:Calibri"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;
font-family:Calibri">In addition, one registrar provided facially invalid
registrant contact data for its own .COM name -- including a registrant contact
e-mail address on the domain “icann.org”.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes">
</span>This appears to be a violation of the RAA.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;
font-family:Calibri"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;
font-family:Calibri">Fifteen other registrars presented these situations:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<ul style="margin-top:0in" type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list:l8 level1 lfo6;mso-hyphenate:auto;
tab-stops:list .5in"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:
150%;font-family:Calibri">Three registrars had port 43 servers that did
not return replies for a notable number of queries. One was
offline/nonresponsive 21% of the time, one was offline/nonresponsive 20%
of the time, and one was offline/nonresponsive 14% of the time. (Based on
100 queries per registrar, spread out over several weeks).<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list:l8 level1 lfo6;mso-hyphenate:auto;
tab-stops:list .5in"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:
150%;font-family:Calibri">Ten provided different WHOIS data on their port
43 servers than they did via their Web WHOIS.<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<ul style="margin-top:0in" type="circle">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list:l8 level2 lfo6;mso-hyphenate:auto;
tab-stops:list 1.0in"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:11.0pt;
line-height:150%;font-family:Calibri">Four provided only thin contact data via their Web WHOIS, while providing thick contact data only on port
43.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list:l8 level2 lfo6;mso-hyphenate:auto;
tab-stops:list 1.0in"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:11.0pt;
line-height:150%;font-family:Calibri">In two cases, registrars provided
two different expiration dates for each domain name via the Web WHOISes.
One of the two expiration dates did not match the expiration date
provided by the .COM/.NET registry. <o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list:l8 level2 lfo6;mso-hyphenate:auto;
tab-stops:list 1.0in"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:11.0pt;
line-height:150%;font-family:Calibri">Two sometimes provided full contact
data on their Port 43 servers, and sometimes provided just Registrant contact data (and no Admin or Tech contact data) on their port 43
servers.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>It is unknown if this was
due to a rate-limiting activity.<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list:l8 level2 lfo6;mso-hyphenate:auto;
tab-stops:list 1.0in"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:11.0pt;
line-height:150%;font-family:Calibri">One registrar did not provide
registrant contact data via port 43, and did not provide Admin or Tech
contact data via its Web WHOIS.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list:l8 level2 lfo6;mso-hyphenate:auto;
tab-stops:list 1.0in"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:11.0pt;
line-height:150%;font-family:Calibri">One registrar provided a required
data field (Tech and Admin contact phone numbers) on port 43 but not via
its Web WHOIS. <o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ul>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list:l8 level1 lfo6;mso-hyphenate:auto;
tab-stops:list .5in"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:
150%;font-family:Calibri">Four cut off telnet sessions to port 43 very quickly--effectively disallowing manual queries via that method. <o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ul>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;
font-family:Calibri"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;
font-family:Calibri">These results indicate that:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<ol style="margin-top:0in" start="1" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list:l2 level1 lfo8;mso-hyphenate:auto;
tab-stops:list .5in"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:
150%;font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:"Courier New";mso-bidi-language:
HI">Some registrars appear to be in violation of their contractual WHOIS
accessibility obligations; <o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list:l2 level1 lfo8;mso-hyphenate:auto;
tab-stops:list .5in"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:
150%;font-family:Calibri">Users are occasionally unable to obtain contact
data due to WHOIS availability problems.<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list:l2 level1 lfo8;mso-hyphenate:auto;
tab-stops:list .5in"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:
150%;font-family:Calibri">Registrars occasionally provide registration data that differs from that provided by the registry. <o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list:l2 level1 lfo8;mso-hyphenate:auto;
tab-stops:list .5in"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:
150%;font-family:Calibri">Users are sometimes given different registration
data depending on the method they use to access the sponsoring registrar’s
WHOIS. <o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list:l2 level1 lfo8;mso-hyphenate:auto;
tab-stops:list .5in"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:
150%;font-family:Calibri">Users are sometimes given different registration
data depending upon who they are; perhaps depending upon whether they are
being rate-limited. <o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ol>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;
font-family:Calibri"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;
font-family:Calibri">These issues were distributed across a notable number of
registrars, with different sizes, business models, and locations around theworld.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;
font-family:Calibri"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;
font-family:Calibri">The reasons why registrars provide different data on port
43 versus their Web sites requires further investigation. Some might be
attempts to prevent automated data mining by spammers, competitors, and other
parties. The RAPWG notes that reasonable rate-limiting WHOIS can be a valid,
prudent practice – for example it can prevent spammers from mining WHOIS
information<a style="mso-footnote-id:ftn8" href="#_ftn8" name="_ftnref8" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character:
footnote"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Calibri;
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-fareast-language:AR-SA;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">[8]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a>,
and can prevent WHOIS servers from being overwhelmed by excessive queries.
During Web-based WHOIS sampling, the RAPWG members observed that only some
registrars employ CAPCHAs on their Web-based WHOIS services as a protectionagainst automated queries. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;
font-family:Calibri"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;
font-family:Calibri">In addition to the research conducted by working-groupmembers, the RAPWG requested information from the ICANN Compliance Department
about how it monitors registrar WHOIS access. The ICANN Compliance Department
noted: </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;
font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:TimesNewRomanPSMT;mso-bidi-language:
HI">"ICANN has developed a Whois server audit tool which monitors access
to registrars’ Whois servers over a Port 43 connection. The script developed
for this task retrieves data for 4</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:
11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Calibri"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:
TimesNewRomanPSMT;mso-bidi-language:HI">registered domain names for each
accredited registrar…. The purpose of the audit is to flag Whois servers that
are down for an amount of time that is suspect and probably not just a
manifestation of periodic server maintenance or scheduled update. … What is the
“reasonable amount of time” for a server to be down? Probably no more than an
hour or so per day, although these are ICANN internal, ‘soft metrics’, not
agreed-</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;
font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-language:HI">upon timeframes with registrars</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Calibri;
mso-bidi-font-family:TimesNewRomanPSMT;mso-bidi-language:HI">. The script
records the results and flags registrars that prevent access to data on
registered names. Transient network problems are less of a concern, so ICANN
focuses on long-</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:
150%;font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-language:HI">term behavior</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Calibri;
mso-bidi-font-family:TimesNewRomanPSMT;mso-bidi-language:HI">, i.e., registrars
which ICANN is unable to communicate with for several days in a row.</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Calibri"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Calibri;
mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;color:black">….ICANN also reaches out toregistrars that provide access to data on registered names but provide ‘thin’,
not ‘thick’, Whois data. The former does not provide details on the registered
name holder and additional contacts, which is required by the RAA.”<a style="mso-footnote-id:ftn9" href="#_ftn9" name="_ftnref9" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character:footnote"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:
150%;font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:
Calibri;color:black;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-fareast-language:AR-SA;
mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">[9]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Calibri"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;
font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:TimesNewRomanPSMT;mso-bidi-language:
HI"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;
font-family:Calibri">Over the last three years, ICANN’s Compliance Department
has sent seven escalated compliance notices (e.g. notices of breach,
termination, or RAA non-renewal) to seven registrars for failure to comply with
WHOIS access requirements of the Registrar Accreditation Agreement:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:39.0pt;text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l7 level1 lfo7;
mso-hyphenate:auto;tab-stops:list 39.0pt"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%; "><span style="mso-list:Ignore">·<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:11.0pt;
line-height:150%;font-family:Calibri">One registrar did not have its contract
renewed solely for failure to provide WHOIS access. (South America Domains dba
NameFrog.com, which had less than 300 gTLD names under sponsorship at the
time.)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:39.0pt;text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l7 level1 lfo7;
mso-hyphenate:auto;tab-stops:list 39.0pt"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%; "><span style="mso-list:Ignore">·<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:11.0pt;
line-height:150%;font-family:Calibri">The other six registrars were cited for
both WHOIS access breaches AND at least one other contract violation, such as
failure to pay ICANN fees, failure to escrow data, and/or failure to respond to
WHOIS accuracy complaints.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:
150%;font-family:Calibri"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;
font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;color:black">ICANN’sCompliance Department is in contact with registrars to resolve issues before
escalated compliance notices become necessary. The Compliance staff noted to
the RAPWG that “some registrars block incoming WHOIS queries traffic by IP
address, and Compliance works with the registrars to get them unblocked when
there may be a misunderstanding.” </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:
11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:TimesNewRomanPSMT;
mso-bidi-language:HI">and, </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:11.0pt;
line-height:150%;font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;color:black">“Aside
from metrics on informal outreach to resolve blocked Whois servers and
incomplete, or ‘thin’, Whois data with registrars, which have been more than
two dozen in the past 6-8 months, Compliance could provide bi-weekly statistics
to the WG from here on out on the number of registrars that showed a pattern of
restricting access to their Whois server over a Port 43 connection. These
statistics have not been published before.” <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;
font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:TimesNewRomanPSMT;mso-bidi-language:
HI"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;
font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;color:black">So, it appears
that some contractual violations are cured in an amicable manner, and that
public breach letters have apparently been used as a tool of last resort. It is
unknown how many WHOIS accessibility issues have been discovered but not
resolved.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;
font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;color:black"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;
font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;color:black">The last timethat ICANN published WHOIS access compliance data was 2007.<a style="mso-footnote-id:
ftn10" href="#_ftn10" name="_ftnref10" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character:footnote"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:
150%;font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:
Calibri;color:black;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-fareast-language:AR-SA;
mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">[10]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a> That
year, ICANN’s Compliance Department examined every ICANN-Accredited Registrar’s
Web site, and did not examine port 43 access. <a style="mso-footnote-id:ftn11" href="#_ftn11" name="_ftnref11" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character:footnote"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:
150%;font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:
Calibri;color:black;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-fareast-language:AR-SA;
mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">[11]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:
150%;font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;color:black"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;
font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;color:black">The Compliance
Department numbers indicate that WHOIS access problems are found regularly.Above and beyond those, the RAPWG research indicates that a notable percentage
of registrars might not make WHOIS data available in </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:
"Courier New";mso-bidi-language:HI">a reliable, consistent, or predictable
fashion. </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;
font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family:Calibri"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in;mso-list:l3 level1 lfo9"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family:Calibri;
mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">7.3<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"">
</span></span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><u><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family:Calibri">Recommendations<o:p></o:p></span></u></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Calibri;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;
mso-fareast-language:EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;
font-family:Calibri;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:EN-US">Recommendation
1: <o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:
Calibri;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:
150%;font-family:Calibri">The GNSO should determine what additional research
and processes may be needed to ensure </span></i></b><b><i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:
"Courier New";mso-bidi-language:HI">that WHOIS data is accessible in an
appropriately reliable, enforceable, and consistent fashion. <o:p></o:p></span></i></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:
150%;font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:"Courier New";mso-bidi-language:
HI">The GNSO Council should consider how such might be related to other WHOIS
efforts, such as the upcoming review of WHOIS policy and implementation </span></i></b><b><i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Calibri">required
by ICANN’s new Affirmation of Commitments.</span></i></b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Calibri"><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>The Affirmation of Commitments says: “ICANN
additionally commits to enforcing its existing policy relating to WHOIS,
subject to applicable laws. Such existing policy requires that ICANN implement
measures to maintain timely, unrestricted and public access to accurate andcomplete WHOIS information, including registrant, technical, billing, and
administrative contact information. One year from the effective date of this
document [30 September 2009] and then no less frequently than every three years
thereafter, ICANN will organize a review of WHOIS policy and its implementation
to assess the extent to which WHOIS policy is effective and its implementation
meets the legitimate needs of law enforcement and promotes consumer trust.”<a style="mso-footnote-id:ftn12" href="#_ftn12" name="_ftnref12" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character:footnote"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:
150%;font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-fareast-language:AR-SA;
mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">[12]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;
font-family:Calibri"><b><i>The
WG achieved unanimous consensus on the above recommendation</i></b><i>. In
favour (14): Aaron (RySG), Amadoz (RySG), Bladel (RrSG), Cobb (CBUC), Felman
(MarkMonitor), Neuman (RySG), O’Connor (CBUC), Queern (CBUC), Rasmussen
(Internet Identity), Rodenbaugh (CBUC), Seltzer (NCSG), Shah (MarkMonitor),Sutton (CBUC), Young (RySG). Against, or alternate views: none.<o:p></o:p></i></span></p>
<p><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:
11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;
color:black"><br></span></b></p><p><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:
11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;
color:black">Recommendation 2</span></b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:11.0pt;
line-height:150%;font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;color:black">.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Calibri;
mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;color:black"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p><b><i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:
Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;color:black">The GNSO should request that
the ICANN Compliance Department publish more data about WHOIS accessibility, on
at least an annual basis. This data should include a) the number of registrars
that show a pattern of unreasonable restriction of access to their port 43
WHOIS servers, and b) the results of an annual compliance audit of compliance
with all contractual WHOIS access obligations. </span></i></b><b><i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family:Calibri"><o:p></o:p></span></i></b></p>
<p><b><i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:
Calibri">The WG achieved unanimous consensus on the above recommendation.</span></i></b><i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Calibri"> In
favour (13): Aaron (RySG), Amadoz (RySG), Bladel (RrSG), Cobb (CBUC), Felman
(MarkMonitor), Neuman (RySG), O’Connor (CBUC), Queern (CBUC), Rasmussen
(Internet Identity), Rodenbaugh (CBUC), Shah (MarkMonitor), Sutton (CBUC),
Young (RySG). Abstentions (1): Seltzer (NCSG). Against, or alternate views:none.<o:p></o:p></span></i></p>
<div style="mso-element:footnote-list"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><br clear="all">
<hr align="left" size="1" width="33%">
<!--[endif]-->
<div style="mso-element:footnote" id="ftn1">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id:ftn1" href="#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="mso-special-character:footnote"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:
150%;font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-fareast-language:AR-SA;
mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">[1]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></span></a><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family:Calibri"> “Draft Initial Report on the
Post-Expiration Domain Name Recovery Policy Development Process”: </span><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="https://st.icann.org/data/workspaces/post-expiration-dn-recovery-wg/attachments/post_expiration_domain_name_recovery_wg:20100112125658-0-27743/original/Draft%20Initial%20Report%20-%20PEDNR%20PDP%20-%2012%20January%202010.doc"><span style="font-family:Calibri">https://st.icann.org/data/workspaces/post-expiration-dn-recovery-wg/attachments/post_expiration_domain_name_recovery_wg:20100112125658-0-27743/original/Draft%20Initial%20Report%20-%20PEDNR%20PDP%20-%2012%20January%202010.doc</span></a></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family:Calibri"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div style="mso-element:footnote" id="ftn2">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id:ftn2" href="#_ftnref2" name="_ftn2" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="mso-special-character:footnote"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:
150%;font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-fareast-language:AR-SA;
mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">[2]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></span></a><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family:Calibri"> “Draft Final Report on the
Inter-Registrar Transfers Policy - Part A Policy Development Process”: </span><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="https://st.icann.org/data/workspaces/irtp_jun08_pdp-wg/attachments/irtp_part_a_pdp_wg_pdp_jun08:20090318145458-1-14319/original/Draft%20Final%20Report%20-%20IRTP%20Part%20A%20-%2018%20March%202009.doc%20%5BCompatibility%20Mode%5D.pdf"><span style="font-family:Calibri">https://st.icann.org/data/workspaces/irtp_jun08_pdp-wg/attachments/irtp_part_a_pdp_wg_pdp_jun08:20090318145458-1-14319/original/Draft%20Final%20Report%20-%20IRTP%20Part%20A%20-%2018%20March%202009.doc%20%5BCompatibility%20Mode%5D.pdf</span></a></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family:Calibri"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div style="mso-element:footnote" id="ftn3">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id:ftn3" href="#_ftnref3" name="_ftn3" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="mso-special-character:footnote"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:
150%;font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-fareast-language:AR-SA;
mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">[3]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></span></a><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family:Calibri"> “Law Enforcement Recommended RAA
Amendments and ICANN Due Diligence”, November 2009, </span><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="https://st.icann.org/raa-related/index.cgi/LawEnforcementRAArecommendations%20(2).doc?action=attachments_download;page_name=05_january_2010;id=20091118185109-0-21002"><span style="font-family:Calibri">https://st.icann.org/raa-related/index.cgi/LawEnforcementRAArecommendations%20(2).doc?action=attachments_download;page_name=05_january_2010;id=20091118185109-0-21002</span></a>
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div style="mso-element:footnote" id="ftn4">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id:ftn4" href="#_ftnref4" name="_ftn4" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="mso-special-character:footnote"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:
150%;font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-fareast-language:AR-SA;
mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">[4]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></span></a><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family:Calibri"> “Issues in Using DNS Whois Data for
Phishing Site Take Down,” </span><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="http://www.antiphishing.org/reports/APWG_MemoOnDomainWhoisTake-Downs.pdf"><span style="font-family:Calibri">http://www.antiphishing.org/reports/APWG_MemoOnDomainWhoisTake-Downs.pdf</span></a></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family:Calibri"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div style="mso-element:footnote" id="ftn5">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id:ftn5" href="#_ftnref5" name="_ftn5" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="mso-special-character:footnote"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:
150%;font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-fareast-language:AR-SA;
mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">[5]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></span></a><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family:Calibri"> </span><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="http://www.icann.org/en/tlds/monthly-reports/"><span style="font-family:
Calibri">http://www.icann.org/en/tlds/monthly-reports/</span></a></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family:Calibri"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div style="mso-element:footnote" id="ftn6">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id:ftn6" href="#_ftnref6" name="_ftn6" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="mso-special-character:footnote"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:
150%;font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-fareast-language:AR-SA;
mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">[6]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></span></a><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family:Calibri"> “VeriSign Domain Name Industry Brief,”
September 2009, </span><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="http://www.verisign.com/domain-name-services/domain-information-center/domain-name-resources/domain-name-report-dec09.pdf"><span style="font-family:Calibri">http://www.verisign.com/domain-name-services/domain-information-center/domain-name-resources/domain-name-report-dec09.pdf</span></a>
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div style="mso-element:footnote" id="ftn7">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id:ftn7" href="#_ftnref7" name="_ftn7" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:
Calibri"><span style="mso-special-character:footnote"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
10.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-fareast-language:
AR-SA;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">[7]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></span></a><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;line-height:150%;
font-family:Calibri"> </span><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="http://www.icann.org/en/registrars/agreements.html"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:
Calibri">http://www.icann.org/en/registrars/agreements.html</span></a></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;line-height:150%;
font-family:Calibri"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div style="mso-element:footnote" id="ftn8">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id:ftn8" href="#_ftnref8" name="_ftn8" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="mso-special-character:footnote"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:
150%;font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-fareast-language:AR-SA;
mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">[8]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></span></a><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family:Calibri"> See: “SAC 023: Is the WHOIS Service a
Source for<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family:Calibri">Email
Addresses for Spammers?”: </span><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="http://www.icann.org/en/committees/security/sac023.pdf"><span style="font-family:Calibri">http://www.icann.org/en/committees/security/sac023.pdf</span></a></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family:Calibri"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div style="mso-element:footnote" id="ftn9">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id:ftn9" href="#_ftnref9" name="_ftn9" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="mso-special-character:footnote"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:
150%;font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-fareast-language:AR-SA;
mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">[9]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></span></a><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family:Calibri"> </span><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="http://forum.icann.org/lists/gnso-rap-dt/msg00454.html"><span style="font-family:Calibri">http://forum.icann.org/lists/gnso-rap-dt/msg00454.html</span></a>
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div style="mso-element:footnote" id="ftn10">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id:ftn10" href="#_ftnref10" name="_ftn10" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="mso-special-character:footnote"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:
150%;font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-fareast-language:AR-SA;
mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">[10]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></span></a><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family:Calibri"> </span><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="http://forum.icann.org/lists/gnso-rap-dt/msg00454.html"><span style="font-family:Calibri">http://forum.icann.org/lists/gnso-rap-dt/msg00454.html</span></a></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family:Calibri"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div style="mso-element:footnote" id="ftn11">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id:ftn11" href="#_ftnref11" name="_ftn11" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family:Calibri"><span style="mso-special-character:footnote"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:
150%;font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-fareast-language:AR-SA;
mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">[11]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></span></a><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family:Calibri"> </span><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="http://www.icann.org/en/compliance/reports/contractual-compliance-audit-report-18oct07.pdf"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Calibri;
mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri">http://www.icann.org/en/compliance/reports/contractual-compliance-audit-report-18oct07.pdf</span></a></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;color:black"> </span><span style="font-family:Calibri;mso-ansi-language:EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div style="mso-element:footnote" id="ftn12">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id:ftn12" href="#_ftnref12" name="_ftn12" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-GB"><span style="mso-special-character:footnote"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:
150%;font-family:Garamond;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-fareast-language:AR-SA;
mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">[12]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></span></a><span lang="EN-GB"> <a href="http://www.icann.org/en/announcements/announcement-30sep09-en.htm"><span style="font-family:Calibri">http://www.icann.org/en/announcements/announcement-30sep09-en.htm</span></a>
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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