<div dir="ltr">Bertrand,<div><br></div><div><b>1) About W3C</b></div><div>W3C enters MoUs using its host organisations (MIT,ERCIM and Keio) as legal vehicles. See for example <a href="http://www.w3.org/2004/05/W3C-OMA-Agreement-FINAL.html" target="_blank">http://www.w3.org/2004/05/W3C-OMA-Agreement-FINAL.html</a></div><div>I am of the opinion that MoUs that W3C enters without using host organisations as legal vehicles will not be legally enforceable.<br></div><div><br></div><div><b>2) About IETF</b></div><div>Substantial concerns were raised about the IETF MoU (as proposed) not being legally enforceable.</div><div>See <a href="http://www.ietf.org/mail-archive/web/ianaplan/current/msg01370.html" target="_blank">www.ietf.org/mail-archive/web/ianaplan/current/msg01370.html</a></div><div><br></div><div>Greg, in another mail, had highlighted the essential components for any MoU/SLA/etc to amount to a enforceable contract. I believe both parties being legal entities (or at least fictionally treated so by law) is a necessary criteria.</div><div><br></div><div>One way of enforcing a MoU between GNSO (as an internal structure of ICANN) and IANA (as an internal division of ICANN) is that the MoU can be given sanctity through ICANN by-laws. Unfortunately, by-laws can easily be changed raising serious accountability issues.</div><div><br></div></div><div class="gmail_extra"><br><div class="gmail_quote">On Mon, Dec 1, 2014 at 9:58 PM, Bertrand de La Chapelle <span dir="ltr"><<a href="mailto:bdelachapelle@gmail.com" target="_blank">bdelachapelle@gmail.com</a>></span> wrote:<br><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex"><div dir="ltr">I am afraid this is not that clear. <div><br></div><div>From what I have been told by someone knowledgeable, <span style="font-family:arial,sans-serif;font-size:13px">the IETF is not per se incorporated, and the MoU was signed by the President of ICANN (a legal entity) and the Chairs of the IETF and the Internet Architecture Board (neither of which is a legal entity). It was not through ISOC in that case, although ISOC does provide the IETF a lot of support and contracting capacity in other areas. </span><div><font face="arial, sans-serif"><br></font></div><div><font face="arial, sans-serif">In any case, my question is a more general one. Is incorporation required to "contract"?</font></div><div><font face="arial, sans-serif"><br></font></div><div><font face="arial, sans-serif">If this is really required, how did the W3C manage to organize itself during many years, simply by having a series of "host agreements" with three universities?</font></div><div><font face="arial, sans-serif"><br></font></div><div><font face="arial, sans-serif">I am a bit stubborn, but I am afraid we are not answering this in full detail. </font></div><div><font face="arial, sans-serif"><br></font></div><div><font face="arial, sans-serif">B.</font></div><div><font face="arial, sans-serif"><br></font></div><div><font face="arial, sans-serif"><br></font></div><div><font face="arial, sans-serif"><br></font><div><br></div></div></div></div><div class="gmail_extra"><br clear="all"><div><div><div dir="ltr"><table width="600" border="0" cellspacing="3" cellpadding="0" style="font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:13px;line-height:1em;color:rgb(38,38,38)"><tbody><tr><td colspan="3" height="5"></td></tr><tr style="font-size:13px;color:rgb(176,173,176)"><td colspan="3">"<em>Le plus beau métier des hommes, c'est d'unir les hommes</em>", Antoine de Saint Exupéry<br>("<em>There is no greater mission for humans than uniting humans</em>")</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" height="10"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3"><span style="color:rgb(0,138,204);text-transform:uppercase">BERTRAND DE LA CHAPELLE</span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3">Internet & Jurisdiction Project | Director</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3">email <a href="mailto:bdelachapelle@internetjurisdiction.net" alt="email Bertrand de la Chapelle" style="color:rgb(159,157,159);text-decoration:none" target="_blank">bdelachapelle@internetjurisdiction.net</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3">email <a href="mailto:bdelachapelle@gmail.com" alt="email Bertrand de la Chapelle" style="color:rgb(159,157,159);text-decoration:none" target="_blank">bdelachapelle@gmail.com</a></td></tr><tr colspan="3"><td>twitter <a href="https://twitter.com/IJurisdiction" alt="Internet & Jurisdiction Twitter Accompt" style="color:rgb(159,157,159);text-decoration:none" target="_blank">@IJurisdiction</a> | <a href="https://twitter.com/bdelachapelle" alt="Paul Fehlinger Twitter" style="color:rgb(159,157,159);text-decoration:none" target="_blank">@bdelachapelle</a></td></tr><tr colspan="3"><td>mobile <span style="color:rgb(159,157,159)">+33 (0)6 11 88 33 32</span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3"><a href="http://www.internetjurisdiction.net" alt="Internet & Jurisdiction Website" style="color:rgb(159,157,159);text-decoration:none" target="_blank">www.internetjurisdiction.net</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" height="5"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3"><img src="http://www.internetjurisdiction.net/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/InternetJurisdiction-Logo-w300px.png" alt="A GLOBAL MULTI-STAKEHOLDER DIALOGUE PROCESS" width="300" style="margin:0px;border:none"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" height="5"></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></div><div><div class="h5">
<br><div class="gmail_quote">On Mon, Dec 1, 2014 at 5:16 PM, Milton L Mueller <span dir="ltr"><<a href="mailto:mueller@syr.edu" target="_blank">mueller@syr.edu</a>></span> wrote:<br><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex">
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<p class="MsoNormal"><font color="#1f497d" face="Calibri"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1f497d">Bertrand,<u></u><u></u></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font color="#1f497d" face="Calibri"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1f497d">I think your question has already been answered<u></u><u></u></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font color="#1f497d" face="Calibri"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1f497d"><u></u> <u></u></span></font></p>
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</span></font></span></span></font><u></u><b><span style="font-weight:bold">Is incorporation required to "contract"?</span></b> Given that the IETF seems to have an MoU with ICANN (among other arrangements with other "entities"), I would suppose that the
answer is no. Can someone clarify this important point?<u></u><u></u></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="3" color="#1f497d" face="Times New Roman"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;color:#1f497d"><u></u> <u></u></span></font></p>
</span><p class="MsoNormal"><font color="#1f497d" face="Calibri"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1f497d">MM: Yes, it is. IETF contracts via ISOC.
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