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<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace:none"><span style="font-family:"Century Gothic","sans-serif"">Dear colleagues,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace:none"><span style="font-family:"Century Gothic","sans-serif""><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace:none"><span style="font-family:"Century Gothic","sans-serif"">So far, we are using the following definitions of translation and transliteration:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace:none"><span style="font-family:"Century Gothic","sans-serif"">Translation: The process of conveying the meaning of some passage of text in one language, so that it can be expressed equivalently in another language.
<RFC6365><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace:none"><span style="font-family:"Century Gothic","sans-serif"">Transliteration: The process of representing the characters of an alphabetical or syllabic system of writing by the characters of a conversion alphabet.
<RFC6365><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace:none"><span style="font-family:"Century Gothic","sans-serif""><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace:none"><b><span style="font-family:"Century Gothic","sans-serif"">Thoughts about translation<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace:none"><span style="font-family:"Century Gothic","sans-serif"">As meaning is involved, it is possible to have more than one correct English translation of the same foreign language text. For example, one version may
be literal, another less loyal but better English. <b>Does anybody have a good example of this phenomenon?</b><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace:none"><span style="font-family:"Century Gothic","sans-serif"">As more than one correct translation is possible, translation is not normally a reversible process. An exception would be when a controlled vocabulary is
used. Such a vocabulary may be useful for contact information. For example, it may be possible always to translate the Japanese word
</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family:"Meiryo","sans-serif"">ビル</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family:"Century Gothic","sans-serif""> /biru/ as "building". Even in closely related languages, controlled vocabularies may produce nonsense. For example,
German erst(e) is usually 'first' and Hilfe is usually 'help'. However, erste Hilfe is 'first aid', NOT 'first help'.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace:none"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family:"Century Gothic","sans-serif""><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace:none"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family:"Century Gothic","sans-serif"">Thoughts about transliteration<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace:none"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family:"Century Gothic","sans-serif"">The key word here is the word "process". Transliteration should be systematic. Ideally anyone transliterating should produce the same result.
Typically it follows an ISO standard or government legislation. This may then be simplified in some way. For example, the Chinese example in
<a href="https://community.icann.org/display/tatcipdp/Chinese+Addresses"><span style="color:windowtext;text-decoration:none">https://community.icann.org/display/tatcipdp/Chinese+Addresses</span></a> has the tone marks, that according to the Chinese transliteration
rules should be there, removed.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace:none"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family:"Century Gothic","sans-serif"">Transliteration does not mean:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace:none"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family:"Century Gothic","sans-serif"">Representations where features from several systems mixed together, for example, Itou or Itoh for Japanese
</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family:"Meiryo","sans-serif"">伊藤</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family:"Century Gothic","sans-serif""> or
</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-family:"Meiryo","sans-serif"">伊東</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family:"Century Gothic","sans-serif"">.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace:none"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family:"Century Gothic","sans-serif"">Transliteration may be reversible in the case of alphabetic writing systems etc., as long as no letter in either script is represented by more
than one letter in the other script. Thai, for example, is probably not reversible as it frequently represents the same sound with different letters depending on the tone of the syllable. See, for example, the high and low letters kho here:
<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thai_alphabet#Alphabetic"><span style="color:windowtext;text-decoration:none">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thai_alphabet#Alphabetic</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace:none"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family:"Century Gothic","sans-serif""><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace:none"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family:"Century Gothic","sans-serif"">Regards,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace:none"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family:"Century Gothic","sans-serif""><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace:none"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family:"Century Gothic","sans-serif"">Chris.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Century Gothic","sans-serif"">--<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Century Gothic","sans-serif"">Research Associate in Linguistic Computing, Centre for Digital Humanities, UCL, Gower St, London WC1E 6BT Tel +44 20 7679 1599 (int 31599) ucl.ac.uk/dis/people/chrisdillon<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Century Gothic","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"">From:</span></b><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif""> owner-gnso-contactinfo-pdp-wg@icann.org [mailto:owner-gnso-contactinfo-pdp-wg@icann.org]
<b>On Behalf Of </b>Julie Hedlund<br>
<b>Sent:</b> 06 February 2014 18:44<br>
<b>To:</b> gnso-contactinfo-pdp-wg@icann.org<br>
<b>Subject:</b> [gnso-contactinfo-pdp-wg] Actions: PDP WG on Translation/Transliteration of Contact Info<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black">Dear PDP WG members,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black">Please see below the actions from our meeting on 06 February. These also are posted to the wiki page at:<a href="https://community.icann.org/display/tatcipdp/06+February+2014">https://community.icann.org/display/tatcipdp/06+February+2014</a>. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black">Actions:</span></b><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black">1. Ching Chao will convey to the Council the PDP WG's request to get an agenda item on the Council meeting on 27 February so that the WG can bring to the Council
its request for input.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black">2. Proposed Questions: Ask WG members to continue to suggest refinements on the list and the wiki. Question 1 -- ADD: What is the definition of translation
and transliteration? Questions 3 & 4: Consider whether there are related questions or links to existing information.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black">1. What is contact information (review and expand on the taxonomies)? <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black">2. Why are we doing this?; is this particular feature necessary?<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black">3. Who gets access to what?<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black">4. Who are the stakeholders?; who is affected? and what do they want (linking back to What)?<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black">5. How much would a particular feature cost and how to weigh the costs versus the benefits?<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black">6. When would policy come into effect?<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black">7. What should be mandatory?<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black">Best regards,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black">Julie<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black">Julie Hedlund, Policy Director<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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