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    <p><font face="Times New Roman, Times, serif">I want to thank
        Alexander for so ably expressing a view that I can really
        resonate with. Cities are as unique and culturally relevant as
        countries -- many of them have been around longer than the countries
        they now reside in (Istanbul). Would it be possible to create a
        list of cities that are large enough that their names should be
        treated as reserved for the use of the people of that city to
        identify themselves just as countries do through ccTLD's? Could
        we set the conditions that would lead to such a list?
        Inevitably, some cities would be excluded and seek inclusion.
        But we have to start somewhere.</font></p>
    <p><font face="Times New Roman, Times, serif">Marita Moll</font><br>
    </p>
    <br>
    <div class="moz-cite-prefix">On 5/5/2018 1:41 PM, Alexander Schubert
      wrote:<br>
    </div>
    <blockquote type="cite"
      cite="mid:002d01d3e498$471cad60$d5560820$@schubert.berlin">
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        <p class="MsoNormal"><span
            style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">Robin,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
        <p class="MsoNormal"><span
            style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
        <p class="MsoNormal"><span
            style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">I
            think you and I share a certain “distain” for regulation
            exercised through “Governments”. You write:<br>
            <br>
            <b><i><span
style="color:#1F4E79;mso-style-textfill-fill-color:#1F4E79;mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha:100.0%">“It
                  allows us to focus on whether or not someone is trying
                  to misrepresent that they speak for a govt when they
                  don’t, and I think that misrepresentation should be
                  key in our analysis.”</span></i></b><br>
            <br>
            You and Greg are seemingly working off the assumption that
            somebody wants to help GOVERNMENTS to “protect” their
            territories in the DNS. But why don’t you and Greg ever
            think about THE PEOPLE? I honestly couldn’t care less about
            Governments – but I do care very much and very passionate
            about PEOPLE. And we need to make sure that the constituents
            of a city are looped into the decision what happens to their
            city name in the DNS. In the 2012 AGB this was facilitated
            by CITY Governments (NOT national Governments). Forget for a
            moment about “Governments” – and root for THE PEOPLE: How to
            protect THEM? NOT from “misrepresentation” – but from the
            ability to identify themselves through city gTLD domain
            names (see the equivalent via ccTLDs).<o:p></o:p></span></p>
        <p class="MsoNormal"><span
            style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
        <p class="MsoNormal"><span
            style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">Hence
            my proposal to REQUIRE a “community priority application” if
            the string is identical to a (“sizeable”) city: I want that
            THE PEOPLE in a city are INVOLVED. Not enough to just go to
            the major, promise 85% of (diluted) “profits” – and then
            blanket the space with hundreds of non-managed city gTLDs
            applied for to “just make big bucks”; instead of having
            locally managed and promoted CITY initiatives that THRIVE! <o:p></o:p></span></p>
        <p class="MsoNormal"><span
            style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
        <p class="MsoNormal"><span
            style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">Thanks,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
        <p class="MsoNormal"><span
            style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
        <p class="MsoNormal"><span
            style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">Alexander.berlin<o:p></o:p></span></p>
        <p class="MsoNormal"><span
            style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
        <p class="MsoNormal"><span
            style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
        <p class="MsoNormal"><span
            style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
        <p class="MsoNormal"><span
            style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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            <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span
                  style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">From:</span></b><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">
                Gnso-newgtld-wg-wt5
                [<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="mailto:gnso-newgtld-wg-wt5-bounces@icann.org">mailto:gnso-newgtld-wg-wt5-bounces@icann.org</a>] <b>On
                  Behalf Of </b>Robin Gross<br>
                <b>Sent:</b> Friday, May 04, 2018 7:20 PM<br>
                <b>To:</b> Greg Shatan <a class="moz-txt-link-rfc2396E" href="mailto:gregshatanipc@gmail.com"><gregshatanipc@gmail.com></a><br>
                <b>Cc:</b> Icann Gnso Newgtld Wg Wt5
                <a class="moz-txt-link-rfc2396E" href="mailto:gnso-newgtld-wg-wt5@icann.org"><gnso-newgtld-wg-wt5@icann.org></a><br>
                <b>Subject:</b> Re: [Gnso-newgtld-wg-wt5] Conference
                call: city names<o:p></o:p></span></p>
          </div>
        </div>
        <p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
        <blockquote style="margin-top:5.0pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt">
          <div>
            <div>
              <p class="MsoNormal">On May 3, 2018, at 10:06 PM, Greg
                Shatan <<a href="mailto:gregshatanipc@gmail.com"
                  moz-do-not-send="true">gregshatanipc@gmail.com</a>>
                wrote:<o:p></o:p></p>
            </div>
            <p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
            <div>
              <div>
                <div>
                  <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                      style="font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif">The
                      burden of non-objection is "fairly" put on the
                      applicant (if at all) only if the intended use of
                      the gTLD is as a "geo TLD."  If the applied-for
                      string is going to be used for other purposes,
                      there should be no opportunity for a non-applicant
                      to block an application. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
                </div>
              </div>
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          </div>
        </blockquote>
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          <div>
            <div>
              <div>
                <div>
                  <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                      style="font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
                </div>
                <div>
                  <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                      style="font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif">I
                      think Greg’s suggestion to focus on intended use
                      is a very helpful suggestion for our work.  It
                      allows us to focus on whether or not someone is
                      trying to misrepresent that they speak for a govt
                      when they don’t, and I think that
                      misrepresentation should be key in our analysis.
                       We don’t want to encourage a misrepresentation,
                      but we also are obligated to recognize competing
                      legitimate interests to the same term and in cases
                      where there is no misrepresentation connected with
                      the intended use of TLD with geographic meaning,
                      those applicants should be allowed to go forward,
                      unless they violate international law on some
                      other ground.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
                </div>
                <div>
                  <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                      style="font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
                </div>
                <div>
                  <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                      style="font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif">Thanks,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
                </div>
                <div>
                  <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                      style="font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif">Robin<o:p></o:p></span></p>
                </div>
                <div>
                  <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                      style="font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
                </div>
                <div>
                  <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                      style="font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
                </div>
              </div>
            </div>
          </div>
        </div>
        <div>
          <blockquote style="margin-top:5.0pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt">
            <div>
              <p class="MsoNormal">On May 3, 2018, at 10:06 PM, Greg
                Shatan <<a href="mailto:gregshatanipc@gmail.com"
                  moz-do-not-send="true">gregshatanipc@gmail.com</a>>
                wrote:<o:p></o:p></p>
            </div>
            <p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
            <div>
              <div>
                <div>
                  <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                      style="font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif">The
                      burden of non-objection is "fairly" put on the
                      applicant (if at all) only if the intended use of
                      the gTLD is as a "geo TLD."  If the applied-for
                      string is going to be used for other purposes,
                      there should be no opportunity for a non-applicant
                      to block an application.  (If the "place" is
                      another applicant, that's an entirely different
                      situation that I am not covering in this email.)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
                </div>
                <div>
                  <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                      style="font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
                </div>
                <div>
                  <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                      style="font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif">Consider
                      an application for .sandwich as a gTLD geared
                      toward domains for sandwich restaurants, sandwich
                      recipe sites, sandwich fans, sandwich historians,
                      sellers of sandwich ingredients (meats, cheeses,
                      breads, condiments, etc.) or sandwich implements
                      (panini presses, toaster ovens, etc.).  Sandwich,
                      England and Sandwich, Mass. (and the Earl of
                      Sandwich) should have no say in the matter.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
                </div>
                <div>
                  <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                      style="font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
                </div>
                <div>
                  <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                      style="font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif">This
                      is analogous to the treatment of brands.  If Delta
                      Faucets applies for .Delta, Delta Van Lines has no
                      basis for an objection -- because Delta Faucets
                      has a legitimate right.  Delta Van Lines option is
                      to apply or not to apply (even if it is only a
                      "defensive application").  This is a practical and
                      time-tested model that we should use for strings
                      with geographic and other meanings, at least where
                      the gTLDs use is not as a "geo TLD".<o:p></o:p></span></p>
                </div>
                <div>
                  <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                      style="font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
                </div>
                <div>
                  <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                      style="font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif">Greg<o:p></o:p></span></p>
                </div>
              </div>
              <div>
                <p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
                <div>
                  <p class="MsoNormal">On Fri, May 4, 2018 at 12:56 AM,
                    <<a href="mailto:Jorge.Cancio@bakom.admin.ch"
                      target="_blank" moz-do-not-send="true">Jorge.Cancio@bakom.admin.ch</a>>
                    wrote:<o:p></o:p></p>
                  <blockquote style="border:none;border-left:solid
                    #CCCCCC 1.0pt;padding:0cm 0cm 0cm
                    6.0pt;margin-left:4.8pt;margin-right:0cm">
                    <p class="MsoNormal">Dear Liz<br>
                      <br>
                      The burden to obtain the non-objection is fairly
                      put on the applicant, who has, as you also say, a
                      direct interest in avoiding objections.<br>
                      <br>
                      The city governments of this world (we have 2000+
                      in tiny Switzerland), whose name is applied to by
                      an applicant in a widely unknown setting which is
                      ICANN cannot be expected to be privy to such
                      procedures and to be monitoring the rounds of
                      applications. This is of course much more
                      difficult for developing and large countries,
                      whose cities may realize one day that their name
                      was taken as a TLD in a process they did not know,
                      because they did not „object“.<br>
                      <br>
                      To the larger point: you argue/assert that the
                      non-objection letter should not be continued. Alas
                      you have produced no factual basis that would
                      warrant that, beyond one case (africa) where the
                      problems were of an unrelated character, another
                      (amazon) that did NOT fall under the non objection
                      rule, which leaves us with one case (tata) where
                      issues may be analyzed and addressed without
                      changing the system and putting the incentive
                      structure completely upside-down.<br>
                      <br>
                      More broadly speaking, ICANN cannot just ignore
                      the political sensitivities, which are backed by
                      different policies, laws etc. depending on the
                      corresponding country. You need their
                      representatives at the table and non-objecting if
                      you want to avoid protracted issues. These kinds
                      of issues only would grow if you gerrymander those
                      public authorities out of the game.<br>
                      <br>
                      best regards<br>
                      <br>
                      Jorge<br>
                      <br>
                      <br>
                      <br>
                      ________________________________<br>
                      <br>
                      Von: Liz Williams <<a
                        href="mailto:liz.williams@auda.org.au"
                        moz-do-not-send="true">liz.williams@auda.org.au</a>><br>
                      Datum: 4. Mai 2018 um 00:48:00 MESZ<br>
                      An: leonard obonyo via Gnso-newgtld-wg-wt5 <<a
                        href="mailto:gnso-newgtld-wg-wt5@icann.org"
                        moz-do-not-send="true">gnso-newgtld-wg-wt5@icann.org</a>><br>
                      Betreff: Re: [Gnso-newgtld-wg-wt5] Conference
                      call: city names<br>
                      <br>
                      Hello everyone<br>
                      <br>
                      This thread has brought out some really
                      interesting ideas.  I may have a simpler solution
                      because what we are really talking about, in many
                      cases, is backward looking difficult history from
                      which we need to move on.  We should not be
                      satisfied with a 2007 policy and a 2012
                      implementation if it continues to “allow” bad
                      policy to chase “poor” implementation.<br>
                      <br>
                      I may have a solution though because what we are
                      essentially talking about also is how a interested
                      stakeholder can express “objection” to something. 
                      I would like to see the end of the “non-objection”
                      process all together, for reasons explained in
                      other posts.  However, “objecting to an
                      application" is still a legitimate course of
                      action for someone to take if they don’t want
                      something to happen.  Here are the steps.<br>
                      <br>
                      1.  If you support something, say so.  This is
                      really up to an applicant to do the footwork to
                      demonstrate in an application that this has taken
                      place.  We can then think on implementation
                      elements of what that could look like.<br>
                      <br>
                      2.  If you don’t object to something, allow it to
                      happen.  If you change your mind, you must do it
                      within agreed strict time parameters see point 3.
                      (Non-Objection letters will be a thing of the
                      past).<br>
                      <br>
                      3.  If you do object, make an appropriately framed
                      objection whoever you are.  Within that objection
                      process, refer to international law, domestic law,
                      ISO standards and so on that are relevant to the
                      applicant & the application.   This takes out
                      the endless discussion here about what should be
                      referred to which causes such trouble.<br>
                      <br>
                      The applicant takes responsibility for ensuring
                      that they submit an application which addresses
                      those points and avoids an objection (all
                      applicants are highly motivated to avoid
                      objections).  An objector must use those
                      standards;  pay for making the objection and
                      submit it within appropriate time frames. 
                      Evaluators then take those objections into account
                      in evaluation.  An objector (whoever they are)
                      must accept that their objection may be discarded
                      by evaluators.<br>
                      <br>
                      Then we can close off the endless circular
                      differences between jurisdictions and we focus on
                      the real work that takes place for an applicant in
                      an application process.<br>
                      <br>
                      I look forward to hearing more from colleagues
                      because this could apply to a) any application and
                      b) geographic terms in particular.   Our policy
                      recommendation then comes around to open process,
                      objective criteria, assumption of compliance with
                      law, competition and innovation.  The points above
                      are then implementation guidelines that improve an
                      AGB.<br>
                      <br>
                      Liz<br>
                      <br>
                      <br>
                      ….<br>
                      Dr Liz Williams | International Affairs<br>
                      .au Domain Administration Ltd<br>
                      M: +61 436 020 595 | +44 7824 877757<br>
                      E: <a href="mailto:liz.williams@auda.org.au"
                        moz-do-not-send="true">liz.williams@auda.org.au</a><mailto:<a
                        href="mailto:liz.williams@auda.org.au"
                        moz-do-not-send="true">liz.williams@auda.org.au</a>>
                      <a href="http://www.auda.org.au/" target="_blank"
                        moz-do-not-send="true">www.auda.org.au</a><<a
                        href="http://www.auda.org.au/" target="_blank"
                        moz-do-not-send="true">http://www.auda.org.au</a>><br>
                      <br>
                      Important Notice<br>
                      This email may contain information which is
                      confidential and/or subject to legal privilege,
                      and is intended for the use of the named addressee
                      only. If you are not the intended recipient, you
                      must not use, disclose or copy any part of this
                      email. If you have received this email by mistake,
                      please notify the sender and delete this message
                      immediately.<br>
                      <br>
                      On 4 May 2018, at 4:50 am, Mike Rodenbaugh <<a
                        href="mailto:mike@rodenbaugh.com"
                        moz-do-not-send="true">mike@rodenbaugh.com</a><mailto:<a
                        href="mailto:mike@rodenbaugh.com"
                        moz-do-not-send="true">mike@rodenbaugh.com</a>>>
                      wrote:<br>
                      <br>
                      Maybe Staff can help compile any such laws and
                      cases related to domains?  We should deal with
                      concrete examples, as I have given re 4 TLD
                      applications from the last round.<br>
                      <br>
                      Mike Rodenbaugh<br>
                      RODENBAUGH LAW<br>
                      tel/fax:  +1.415.738.8087<br>
                      <a href="http://rodenbaugh.com/" target="_blank"
                        moz-do-not-send="true">http://rodenbaugh.com</a><<a
                        href="http://rodenbaugh.com/" target="_blank"
                        moz-do-not-send="true">http://rodenbaugh.com/</a>><br>
                      <br>
                      On Thu, May 3, 2018 at 10:32 AM, <<a
                        href="mailto:Jorge.Cancio@bakom.admin.ch"
                        moz-do-not-send="true">Jorge.Cancio@bakom.admin.ch</a><mailto:<a
                        href="mailto:Jorge.Cancio@bakom.admin.ch"
                        moz-do-not-send="true">Jorge.Cancio@bakom.admin.ch</a>>>
                      wrote:<br>
                      Dear Mike<br>
                      There are similar laws in other countries. For
                      Switzerland you can look it up online quite easily
                      (in various languages). There is case-law but I
                      guess the court decisions will be in German and
                      French.<br>
                      Besides, limits to register solely city names and
                      other geographic terms as such as trademarks or
                      business names are also common...<br>
                      On the other hand, as said before, rights on
                      brands are limited to specific categories of
                      products and services...<br>
                      In the end, as said, you have different interests
                      converging on a single string, where in our
                      opinion the public interest is paramount.<br>
                      Best<br>
                      Jorge<br>
                      <br>
                      <br>
                      <br>
                      ________________________________<br>
                      <br>
                      Von: Mike Rodenbaugh <<a
                        href="mailto:mike@rodenbaugh.com"
                        moz-do-not-send="true">mike@rodenbaugh.com</a><mailto:<a
                        href="mailto:mike@rodenbaugh.com"
                        moz-do-not-send="true">mike@rodenbaugh.com</a>>><br>
                      Datum: 3. Mai 2018 um 19:26:08 MESZ<br>
                      An: Cancio Jorge BAKOM <<a
                        href="mailto:Jorge.Cancio@bakom.admin.ch"
                        moz-do-not-send="true">Jorge.Cancio@bakom.admin.ch</a><mailto:<a
                        href="mailto:Jorge.Cancio@bakom.admin.ch"
                        moz-do-not-send="true">Jorge.Cancio@bakom.admin.ch</a>>><br>
                      Cc: Gregory S. Shatan <<a
                        href="mailto:gregshatanipc@gmail.com"
                        moz-do-not-send="true">gregshatanipc@gmail.com</a><mailto:<a
                        href="mailto:gregshatanipc@gmail.com"
                        moz-do-not-send="true">gregshatanipc@gmail.com</a>>>,
                      <a href="mailto:mmoll@ca.inter.net"
                        moz-do-not-send="true">mmoll@ca.inter.net</a><mailto:<a
                        href="mailto:mmoll@ca.inter.net"
                        moz-do-not-send="true">mmoll@ca.inter.net</a>>
                      <<a href="mailto:mmoll@ca.inter.net"
                        moz-do-not-send="true">mmoll@ca.inter.net</a><mailto:<a
                        href="mailto:mmoll@ca.inter.net"
                        moz-do-not-send="true">mmoll@ca.inter.net</a>>>,
                      <a href="mailto:gnso-newgtld-wg-wt5@icann.org"
                        moz-do-not-send="true">gnso-newgtld-wg-wt5@icann.org</a><mailto:<a
                        href="mailto:gnso-newgtld-wg-wt5@icann.org"
                        moz-do-not-send="true">gnso-newgtld-wg-wt5@icann.org</a>>
                      <<a href="mailto:gnso-newgtld-wg-wt5@icann.org"
                        moz-do-not-send="true">gnso-newgtld-wg-wt5@icann.org</a><mailto:<a
                        href="mailto:gnso-newgtld-wg-wt5@icann.org"
                        moz-do-not-send="true">gnso-newgtld-wg-wt5@icann.org</a>>><br>
                      Betreff: Re: [Gnso-newgtld-wg-wt5] Conference
                      call: city names<br>
                      <br>
                      I would like to see the text of such laws, and any
                      cases that apply them to domain names.  I guess
                      there might be one in France too, but I haven't
                      dug into the particulars of the French legal
                      proceedings re <a href="http://france.com"
                        moz-do-not-send="true">France.com</a><<a
                        href="http://france.com/" target="_blank"
                        moz-do-not-send="true">http://France.com</a>>.<br>
                      <br>
                      Mike Rodenbaugh<br>
                      RODENBAUGH LAW<br>
                      tel/fax:  +1.415.738.8087<br>
                      <a href="http://rodenbaugh.com/" target="_blank"
                        moz-do-not-send="true">http://rodenbaugh.com</a><<a
                        href="http://rodenbaugh.com/" target="_blank"
                        moz-do-not-send="true">http://rodenbaugh.com/</a>><br>
                      <br>
                      On Thu, May 3, 2018 at 10:19 AM, <<a
                        href="mailto:Jorge.Cancio@bakom.admin.ch"
                        moz-do-not-send="true">Jorge.Cancio@bakom.admin.ch</a><mailto:<a
                        href="mailto:Jorge.Cancio@bakom.admin.ch"
                        moz-do-not-send="true">Jorge.Cancio@bakom.admin.ch</a>><mailto:<a
                        href="mailto:Jorge.Cancio@bakom.admin.ch"
                        moz-do-not-send="true">Jorge.Cancio@bakom.admin.ch</a><mailto:<a
                        href="mailto:Jorge.Cancio@bakom.admin.ch"
                        moz-do-not-send="true">Jorge.Cancio@bakom.admin.ch</a>>>>
                      wrote:<br>
                      Dear Mike<br>
                      I mentioned some, eg in Switzerland cities have
                      rights to protect their names under the civil code
                      (art. 29), and provisions prevent the registration
                      of business names and trademarks that solely
                      consist of city names.<br>
                      best<br>
                      Jorge<br>
                      <br>
                      <br>
                      <br>
                      ________________________________<br>
                      <br>
                      Von: Mike Rodenbaugh <<a
                        href="mailto:mike@rodenbaugh.com"
                        moz-do-not-send="true">mike@rodenbaugh.com</a><mailto:<a
                        href="mailto:mike@rodenbaugh.com"
                        moz-do-not-send="true">mike@rodenbaugh.com</a>><mailto:<a
                        href="mailto:mike@rodenbaugh.com"
                        moz-do-not-send="true">mike@rodenbaugh.com</a><mailto:<a
                        href="mailto:mike@rodenbaugh.com"
                        moz-do-not-send="true">mike@rodenbaugh.com</a>>>><br>
                      Datum: 3. Mai 2018 um 19:06:27 MESZ<br>
                      An: Cancio Jorge BAKOM <<a
                        href="mailto:Jorge.Cancio@bakom.admin.ch"
                        moz-do-not-send="true">Jorge.Cancio@bakom.admin.ch</a><mailto:<a
                        href="mailto:Jorge.Cancio@bakom.admin.ch"
                        moz-do-not-send="true">Jorge.Cancio@bakom.admin.ch</a>><mailto:<a
                        href="mailto:Jorge.Cancio@bakom.admin.ch"
                        moz-do-not-send="true">Jorge.Cancio@bakom.admin.ch</a><mailto:<a
                        href="mailto:Jorge.Cancio@bakom.admin.ch"
                        moz-do-not-send="true">Jorge.Cancio@bakom.admin.ch</a>>>><br>
                      Cc: Gregory S. Shatan <<a
                        href="mailto:gregshatanipc@gmail.com"
                        moz-do-not-send="true">gregshatanipc@gmail.com</a><mailto:<a
                        href="mailto:gregshatanipc@gmail.com"
                        moz-do-not-send="true">gregshatanipc@gmail.com</a>><mailto:<a
                        href="mailto:gregshatanipc@gmail.com"
                        moz-do-not-send="true">gregshatanipc@gmail.com</a><mailto:<a
                        href="mailto:gregshatanipc@gmail.com"
                        moz-do-not-send="true">gregshatanipc@gmail.com</a>>>>,
                      <a href="mailto:mmoll@ca.inter.net"
                        moz-do-not-send="true">mmoll@ca.inter.net</a><mailto:<a
                        href="mailto:mmoll@ca.inter.net"
                        moz-do-not-send="true">mmoll@ca.inter.net</a>><mailto:<a
                        href="mailto:mmoll@ca.inter.net"
                        moz-do-not-send="true">mmoll@ca.inter.net</a><mailto:<a
                        href="mailto:mmoll@ca.inter.net"
                        moz-do-not-send="true">mmoll@ca.inter.net</a>>>
                      <<a href="mailto:mmoll@ca.inter.net"
                        moz-do-not-send="true">mmoll@ca.inter.net</a><mailto:<a
                        href="mailto:mmoll@ca.inter.net"
                        moz-do-not-send="true">mmoll@ca.inter.net</a>><mailto:<a
                        href="mailto:mmoll@ca.inter.net"
                        moz-do-not-send="true">mmoll@ca.inter.net</a><mailto:<a
                        href="mailto:mmoll@ca.inter.net"
                        moz-do-not-send="true">mmoll@ca.inter.net</a>>>>,
                      <a href="mailto:gnso-newgtld-wg-wt5@icann.org"
                        moz-do-not-send="true">gnso-newgtld-wg-wt5@icann.org</a><mailto:<a
                        href="mailto:gnso-newgtld-wg-wt5@icann.org"
                        moz-do-not-send="true">gnso-newgtld-wg-wt5@icann.org</a>><mailto:<a
                        href="mailto:gnso-newgtld-wg-wt5@icann.org"
                        moz-do-not-send="true">gnso-newgtld-wg-wt5@icann.org</a><mailto:<a
                        href="mailto:gnso-newgtld-wg-wt5@icann.org"
                        moz-do-not-send="true">gnso-newgtld-wg-wt5@icann.org</a>>>
                      <<a href="mailto:gnso-newgtld-wg-wt5@icann.org"
                        moz-do-not-send="true">gnso-newgtld-wg-wt5@icann.org</a><mailto:<a
                        href="mailto:gnso-newgtld-wg-wt5@icann.org"
                        moz-do-not-send="true">gnso-newgtld-wg-wt5@icann.org</a>><mailto:<a
                        href="mailto:gnso-newgtld-wg-wt5@icann.org"
                        moz-do-not-send="true">gnso-newgtld-wg-wt5@icann.org</a><mailto:<a
                        href="mailto:gnso-newgtld-wg-wt5@icann.org"
                        moz-do-not-send="true">gnso-newgtld-wg-wt5@icann.org</a>>>><br>
                      Betreff: Re: [Gnso-newgtld-wg-wt5] Conference
                      call: city names<br>
                      <br>
                      Jorge, what law provides for governments to claim
                      superior rights to geographic (or any other)
                      domain names?  I am not aware of any, so am eager
                      to be enlightened if they exist.<br>
                      <br>
                      Thanks,<br>
                      Mike<br>
                      <br>
                      Mike Rodenbaugh<br>
                      RODENBAUGH LAW<br>
                      tel/fax:  +1.415.738.8087<br>
                      <a href="http://rodenbaugh.com/" target="_blank"
                        moz-do-not-send="true">http://rodenbaugh.com</a><<a
                        href="http://rodenbaugh.com/" target="_blank"
                        moz-do-not-send="true">http://rodenbaugh.com/</a>><br>
                      <br>
                      On Thu, May 3, 2018 at 2:49 AM, <<a
                        href="mailto:Jorge.Cancio@bakom.admin.ch"
                        moz-do-not-send="true">Jorge.Cancio@bakom.admin.ch</a><mailto:<a
                        href="mailto:Jorge.Cancio@bakom.admin.ch"
                        moz-do-not-send="true">Jorge.Cancio@bakom.admin.ch</a>><mailto:<a
                        href="mailto:Jorge.Cancio@bakom.admin.ch"
                        moz-do-not-send="true">Jorge.Cancio@bakom.admin.ch</a><mailto:<a
                        href="mailto:Jorge.Cancio@bakom.admin.ch"
                        moz-do-not-send="true">Jorge.Cancio@bakom.admin.ch</a>>><mailto:<a
                        href="mailto:Jorge.Cancio@bakom.admin.ch"
                        moz-do-not-send="true">Jorge.Cancio@bakom.admin.ch</a><mailto:<a
                        href="mailto:Jorge.Cancio@bakom.admin.ch"
                        moz-do-not-send="true">Jorge.Cancio@bakom.admin.ch</a>><mailto:<a
                        href="mailto:Jorge.Cancio@bakom.admin.ch"
                        moz-do-not-send="true">Jorge.Cancio@bakom.admin.ch</a><mailto:<a
                        href="mailto:Jorge.Cancio@bakom.admin.ch"
                        moz-do-not-send="true">Jorge.Cancio@bakom.admin.ch</a>>>>>
                      wrote:<br>
                      Dear Mike<br>
                      <br>
                      Thanks for your input.<br>
                      <br>
                      In the end we have different bodies, entities etc.
                      holding interests on one single string. In our
                      view (Swiss perspective), public interest provides
                      for clear limits to private monopolization over
                      geographic names such as city names – this is
                      reflected in law.<br>
                      <br>
                      Best regards<br>
                      <br>
                      Jorge<br>
                      <br>
                      <br>
                      Von: Mike Rodenbaugh [mailto:<a
                        href="mailto:mike@rodenbaugh.com"
                        moz-do-not-send="true">mike@rodenbaugh.com</a><mailto:<a
                        href="mailto:mike@rodenbaugh.com"
                        moz-do-not-send="true">mike@rodenbaugh.com</a>><mailto:<a
                        href="mailto:mike@rodenbaugh.com"
                        moz-do-not-send="true">mike@rodenbaugh.com</a><mailto:<a
                        href="mailto:mike@rodenbaugh.com"
                        moz-do-not-send="true">mike@rodenbaugh.com</a>>><mailto:<a
                        href="mailto:mike@rodenbaugh.com"
                        moz-do-not-send="true">mike@rodenbaugh.com</a><mailto:<a
                        href="mailto:mike@rodenbaugh.com"
                        moz-do-not-send="true">mike@rodenbaugh.com</a>><mailto:<a
                        href="mailto:mike@rodenbaugh.com"
                        moz-do-not-send="true">mike@rodenbaugh.com</a><mailto:<a
                        href="mailto:mike@rodenbaugh.com"
                        moz-do-not-send="true">mike@rodenbaugh.com</a>>>>]<br>
                      Gesendet: Donnerstag, 3. Mai 2018 09:49<br>
                      An: Cancio Jorge BAKOM <<a
                        href="mailto:Jorge.Cancio@bakom.admin.ch"
                        moz-do-not-send="true">Jorge.Cancio@bakom.admin.ch</a><mailto:<a
                        href="mailto:Jorge.Cancio@bakom.admin.ch"
                        moz-do-not-send="true">Jorge.Cancio@bakom.admin.ch</a>><mailto:<a
                        href="mailto:Jorge.Cancio@bakom.admin.ch"
                        moz-do-not-send="true">Jorge.Cancio@bakom.admin.ch</a><mailto:<a
                        href="mailto:Jorge.Cancio@bakom.admin.ch"
                        moz-do-not-send="true">Jorge.Cancio@bakom.admin.ch</a>>><mailto:<a
                        href="mailto:Jorge.Cancio@bakom.admin.ch"
                        moz-do-not-send="true">Jorge.Cancio@bakom.admin.ch</a><mailto:<a
                        href="mailto:Jorge.Cancio@bakom.admin.ch"
                        moz-do-not-send="true">Jorge.Cancio@bakom.admin.ch</a>><mailto:<a
                        href="mailto:Jorge.Cancio@bakom.admin.ch"
                        moz-do-not-send="true">Jorge.Cancio@bakom.admin.ch</a><mailto:<a
                        href="mailto:Jorge.Cancio@bakom.admin.ch"
                        moz-do-not-send="true">Jorge.Cancio@bakom.admin.ch</a>>>>><br>
                      Cc: Gregory S. Shatan <<a
                        href="mailto:gregshatanipc@gmail.com"
                        moz-do-not-send="true">gregshatanipc@gmail.com</a><mailto:<a
                        href="mailto:gregshatanipc@gmail.com"
                        moz-do-not-send="true">gregshatanipc@gmail.com</a>><mailto:<a
                        href="mailto:gregshatanipc@gmail.com"
                        moz-do-not-send="true">gregshatanipc@gmail.com</a><mailto:<a
                        href="mailto:gregshatanipc@gmail.com"
                        moz-do-not-send="true">gregshatanipc@gmail.com</a>>><mailto:<a
                        href="mailto:gregshatanipc@gmail.com"
                        moz-do-not-send="true">gregshatanipc@gmail.com</a><mailto:<a
                        href="mailto:gregshatanipc@gmail.com"
                        moz-do-not-send="true">gregshatanipc@gmail.com</a>><mailto:<a
                        href="mailto:gregshatanipc@gmail.com"
                        moz-do-not-send="true">gregshatanipc@gmail.com</a><mailto:<a
                        href="mailto:gregshatanipc@gmail.com"
                        moz-do-not-send="true">gregshatanipc@gmail.com</a>>>>>;
                      <a href="mailto:mmoll@ca.inter.net"
                        moz-do-not-send="true">mmoll@ca.inter.net</a><mailto:<a
                        href="mailto:mmoll@ca.inter.net"
                        moz-do-not-send="true">mmoll@ca.inter.net</a>><mailto:<a
                        href="mailto:mmoll@ca.inter.net"
                        moz-do-not-send="true">mmoll@ca.inter.net</a><mailto:<a
                        href="mailto:mmoll@ca.inter.net"
                        moz-do-not-send="true">mmoll@ca.inter.net</a>>><mailto:<a
                        href="mailto:mmoll@ca.inter.net"
                        moz-do-not-send="true">mmoll@ca.inter.net</a><mailto:<a
                        href="mailto:mmoll@ca.inter.net"
                        moz-do-not-send="true">mmoll@ca.inter.net</a>><mailto:<a
                        href="mailto:mmoll@ca.inter.net"
                        moz-do-not-send="true">mmoll@ca.inter.net</a><mailto:<a
                        href="mailto:mmoll@ca.inter.net"
                        moz-do-not-send="true">mmoll@ca.inter.net</a>>>>;
                      <a href="mailto:gnso-newgtld-wg-wt5@icann.org"
                        moz-do-not-send="true">gnso-newgtld-wg-wt5@icann.org</a><mailto:<a
                        href="mailto:gnso-newgtld-wg-wt5@icann.org"
                        moz-do-not-send="true">gnso-newgtld-wg-wt5@icann.org</a>><mailto:<a
                        href="mailto:gnso-newgtld-wg-wt5@icann.org"
                        moz-do-not-send="true">gnso-newgtld-wg-wt5@icann.org</a><mailto:<a
                        href="mailto:gnso-newgtld-wg-wt5@icann.org"
                        moz-do-not-send="true">gnso-newgtld-wg-wt5@icann.org</a>>><mailto:<a
                        href="mailto:gnso-newgtld-wg-wt5@icann.org"
                        moz-do-not-send="true">gnso-newgtld-wg-wt5@icann.org</a><mailto:<a
                        href="mailto:gnso-newgtld-wg-wt5@icann.org"
                        moz-do-not-send="true">gnso-newgtld-wg-wt5@icann.org</a>><mailto:<a
                        href="mailto:gnso-newgtld-wg-wt5@icann.org"
                        moz-do-not-send="true">gnso-newgtld-wg-wt5@icann.org</a><mailto:<a
                        href="mailto:gnso-newgtld-wg-wt5@icann.org"
                        moz-do-not-send="true">gnso-newgtld-wg-wt5@icann.org</a>>>><br>
                      Betreff: Re: [Gnso-newgtld-wg-wt5] Conference
                      call: city names<br>
                      <br>
                      Governments also have infinite, obvious
                      alternatives to <.city> TLDs, such as
                      <.citygovernment>, <.citycouncil>,
                      <.citytourism>, etc.  Perhaps surprisingly,
                      governments have managed to survive for the past
                      30 years even though they have not had the legal
                      the right to "their" <<a
                        href="http://city.com/" target="_blank"
                        moz-do-not-send="true">city.com</a><<a
                        href="http://city.com/" target="_blank"
                        moz-do-not-send="true">http://city.com/</a>><<a
                        href="http://city.com/" target="_blank"
                        moz-do-not-send="true">http://city.com</a><<a
                        href="http://city.com/" target="_blank"
                        moz-do-not-send="true">http://city.com/</a>>><<a
                        href="http://city.com/" target="_blank"
                        moz-do-not-send="true">http://city.com</a><<a
                        href="http://city.com/" target="_blank"
                        moz-do-not-send="true">http://city.com/</a>>>>
                      or even <city.ccTLD> second level domain
                      names.  They still have no such legal right at any
                      level of the DNS.  Some governments' fantasy to
                      own such rights is just that, fantasy.<br>
                      <br>
                      To be sure, ICANN is not the proper body to grant
                      governments such a right.  But unfortunately,
                      ICANN went far too far in the last round kowtowing
                      to governments, and requiring the "non-objection"
                      letter.  That led to outright extortion by such
                      well known geographic areas as SPA and BAR, among
                      others, who had nothing more that a fantasy to
                      control TLD rights to that name, plus ICANN's
                      ill-advised, non-community-consensus requirement
                      of the non-objection letter.  As I recall (and I
                      could be wrong and will eat my shoe), that was an
                      ICANN Staff implementation gift, not part of the
                      consensus policy passed by GNSO and the Board. 
                      Even if it was, it was ill-advised then, and
                      should be eliminated for future rounds.<br>
                      <br>
                      Country codes have been given special status in
                      the DNS with ccTLDs and correspondent restrictions
                      at the second level of the New gTLDs.  That was an
                      original gift to national governments, extended
                      stupidly to the second level by ICANN in the last
                      round, solely to appease government
                      obstructionists in that last round.  Subsidiary
                      governments need to get over this; they don't have
                      further rights to "their" name in the DNS. 
                      Period.<br>
                      <br>
                      Paris, France has no greater rights to .PARIS than
                      Paris, Texas.  Or Paris Hilton.  Period.  But I
                      would love to hear them fight out that issue. 
                      ICANN certainly should not have predetermined it
                      in favor of France or Texas, to the detriment of
                      Ms. Hilton (and so many other legitimate users of
                      the word Paris).  All three of those parties (at
                      least) had equal rights to that TLD, and should
                      have been put into a contention set to resolve it.<br>
                      <br>
                      In substantial part, governments continue to
                      rehash arguments made by IGOs in the various IGO
                      Names policy discussions.  Those IGOs get nowhere
                      with the broader GNSO community because they only
                      have fantasy rights to "their" names (in many
                      cases) and acronyms (in almost all cases).  So
                      they scream to the Board and have delayed finality
                      in those discussions for half a decade already. 
                      But the GNSO is never going to agree with them,
                      and the GNSO has primary TLD policy responsibility
                      under the Bylaws, not the GAC.  Eventually, the
                      Board must side with the GNSO, though they will
                      put that off forever if they can, as they have
                      done with IGO Names issues.<br>
                      <br>
                      This GNSO group ought not be considering
                      government pressure or fantasy rights.  If the
                      Board wants to do so, that is their prerogative. 
                      We need to develop policy in the real world, where
                      governments coexist with businesses and other
                      users of "their" names.  They have done so for 30
                      years.  I am confident in stating that not a
                      single government has fallen, nor even been
                      harmed, by the ability of absolutely anyone to
                      register "their" name at the second level or at
                      the top level.  Until any such harm is shown, why
                      are we even discussing this?  What problem are we
                      trying to solve, exactly?<br>
                      <br>
                      <br>
                      <br>
                      Mike Rodenbaugh<br>
                      RODENBAUGH LAW<br>
                      tel/fax:  +1.415.738.8087<br>
                      <a href="http://rodenbaugh.com/" target="_blank"
                        moz-do-not-send="true">http://rodenbaugh.com</a><<a
                        href="http://rodenbaugh.com/" target="_blank"
                        moz-do-not-send="true">http://rodenbaugh.com/</a>><br>
                      <br>
                      On Wed, May 2, 2018 at 11:28 PM, <<a
                        href="mailto:Jorge.Cancio@bakom.admin.ch"
                        moz-do-not-send="true">Jorge.Cancio@bakom.admin.ch</a><mailto:<a
                        href="mailto:Jorge.Cancio@bakom.admin.ch"
                        moz-do-not-send="true">Jorge.Cancio@bakom.admin.ch</a>><mailto:<a
                        href="mailto:Jorge.Cancio@bakom.admin.ch"
                        moz-do-not-send="true">Jorge.Cancio@bakom.admin.ch</a><mailto:<a
                        href="mailto:Jorge.Cancio@bakom.admin.ch"
                        moz-do-not-send="true">Jorge.Cancio@bakom.admin.ch</a>>><mailto:<a
                        href="mailto:Jorge.Cancio@bakom.admin.ch"
                        moz-do-not-send="true">Jorge.Cancio@bakom.admin.ch</a><mailto:<a
                        href="mailto:Jorge.Cancio@bakom.admin.ch"
                        moz-do-not-send="true">Jorge.Cancio@bakom.admin.ch</a>><mailto:<a
                        href="mailto:Jorge.Cancio@bakom.admin.ch"
                        moz-do-not-send="true">Jorge.Cancio@bakom.admin.ch</a><mailto:<a
                        href="mailto:Jorge.Cancio@bakom.admin.ch"
                        moz-do-not-send="true">Jorge.Cancio@bakom.admin.ch</a>>>>>
                      wrote:<br>
                      Dear all<br>
                      <br>
                      The fundamental flaw with such an approach is that
                      it forgets that TLDs are unique. There can be only
                      one TLD with a given city name. there can be only
                      one delegation of such a string.<br>
                      <br>
                      City governments have political, social,
                      historical, economic and legal responsibilities
                      over their cities, and have (at least in
                      Switzerland and other countries) rights on the
                      names of their cities. There might be several
                      cities with the same name, but under the 2012 AGB
                      you had to obtain the non-objection from all of
                      them if that was the case.<br>
                      <br>
                      As for brands there may be unlimited numbers of
                      business names and trademarks that use a given
                      city name, usually as part of their names (e.g.
                      City “insurances”, City “salami”, City
                      “whatever”…) and with figurative elements beyond
                      the name as such (the color, the font, symbols,
                      etc.). For instance in Switzerland you are not
                      allowed to register a city name as such as a
                      business name – because this would mean that a
                      private business is monopolizing that geographic
                      name.<br>
                      <br>
                      Hence the crux, resolved in 2012 by the
                      non-objection letter, was that several interests
                      (public interests of a wide spectrum represented
                      by the cities, community interests and multiple
                      commercial interests in the form of brands) may
                      converge on one string, one city name, one TLD.<br>
                      <br>
                      The non-objection letter was and is in our view a
                      good way to get the more specific interests
                      backing one application to a table with those who
                      represent the corresponding city (and its public
                      policy interests), in order to try to arrive at a
                      mutually acceptable solution…<br>
                      <br>
                      Best regards<br>
                      <br>
                      Jorge<br>
                      <br>
                      Von: Gnso-newgtld-wg-wt5 [mailto:<a
                        href="mailto:gnso-newgtld-wg-wt5-bounces@icann.org"
                        moz-do-not-send="true">gnso-newgtld-wg-wt5-bounces@icann.org</a><mailto:<a
href="mailto:gnso-newgtld-wg-wt5-bounces@icann.org"
                        moz-do-not-send="true">gnso-newgtld-wg-wt5-bounces@icann.org</a>><mailto:<a
href="mailto:gnso-newgtld-wg-wt5-bounces@icann.org"
                        moz-do-not-send="true">gnso-newgtld-wg-wt5-bounces@icann.org</a><mailto:<a
href="mailto:gnso-newgtld-wg-wt5-bounces@icann.org"
                        moz-do-not-send="true">gnso-newgtld-wg-wt5-bounces@icann.org</a>>><mailto:<a
href="mailto:gnso-newgtld-wg-wt5-bounces@icann.org"
                        moz-do-not-send="true">gnso-newgtld-wg-wt5-bounces@icann.org</a><mailto:<a
href="mailto:gnso-newgtld-wg-wt5-bounces@icann.org"
                        moz-do-not-send="true">gnso-newgtld-wg-wt5-bounces@icann.org</a>><mailto:<a
href="mailto:gnso-newgtld-wg-wt5-bounces@icann.org"
                        moz-do-not-send="true">gnso-newgtld-wg-wt5-bounces@icann.org</a><mailto:<a
href="mailto:gnso-newgtld-wg-wt5-bounces@icann.org"
                        moz-do-not-send="true">gnso-newgtld-wg-wt5-bounces@icann.org</a>>>>]
                      Im Auftrag von Greg Shatan<br>
                      Gesendet: Donnerstag, 3. Mai 2018 06:27<br>
                      An: Marita Moll <<a
                        href="mailto:mmoll@ca.inter.net"
                        moz-do-not-send="true">mmoll@ca.inter.net</a><mailto:<a
                        href="mailto:mmoll@ca.inter.net"
                        moz-do-not-send="true">mmoll@ca.inter.net</a>><mailto:<a
                        href="mailto:mmoll@ca.inter.net"
                        moz-do-not-send="true">mmoll@ca.inter.net</a><mailto:<a
                        href="mailto:mmoll@ca.inter.net"
                        moz-do-not-send="true">mmoll@ca.inter.net</a>>><mailto:<a
                        href="mailto:mmoll@ca.inter.net"
                        moz-do-not-send="true">mmoll@ca.inter.net</a><mailto:<a
                        href="mailto:mmoll@ca.inter.net"
                        moz-do-not-send="true">mmoll@ca.inter.net</a>><mailto:<a
                        href="mailto:mmoll@ca.inter.net"
                        moz-do-not-send="true">mmoll@ca.inter.net</a><mailto:<a
                        href="mailto:mmoll@ca.inter.net"
                        moz-do-not-send="true">mmoll@ca.inter.net</a>>>>><br>
                      Cc: Icann Gnso Newgtld Wg Wt5 <<a
                        href="mailto:gnso-newgtld-wg-wt5@icann.org"
                        moz-do-not-send="true">gnso-newgtld-wg-wt5@icann.org</a><mailto:<a
                        href="mailto:gnso-newgtld-wg-wt5@icann.org"
                        moz-do-not-send="true">gnso-newgtld-wg-wt5@icann.org</a>><mailto:<a
                        href="mailto:gnso-newgtld-wg-wt5@icann.org"
                        moz-do-not-send="true">gnso-newgtld-wg-wt5@icann.org</a><mailto:<a
                        href="mailto:gnso-newgtld-wg-wt5@icann.org"
                        moz-do-not-send="true">gnso-newgtld-wg-wt5@icann.org</a>>><mailto:<a
                        href="mailto:gnso-newgtld-wg-wt5@icann.org"
                        moz-do-not-send="true">gnso-newgtld-wg-wt5@icann.org</a><mailto:<a
                        href="mailto:gnso-newgtld-wg-wt5@icann.org"
                        moz-do-not-send="true">gnso-newgtld-wg-wt5@icann.org</a>><mailto:<a
                        href="mailto:gnso-newgtld-wg-wt5@icann.org"
                        moz-do-not-send="true">gnso-newgtld-wg-wt5@icann.org</a><mailto:<a
                        href="mailto:gnso-newgtld-wg-wt5@icann.org"
                        moz-do-not-send="true">gnso-newgtld-wg-wt5@icann.org</a>>>>><br>
                      Betreff: Re: [Gnso-newgtld-wg-wt5] Conference
                      call: city names<br>
                      <br>
                      We need to distinguish between two major groups of
                      potential use cases that arise when there is an
                      application for a string that (among other things)
                      is a geographic term:<br>
                      <br>
                      1.  The Geo Case:  The case where a new gTLD
                      applicant want to operate the gTLD as a
                      "geographic" TLD (e.g., .berlin, .nyc, .africa)<br>
                      2.  The Non-Geo Case: The case where a new gTLD
                      wants to operate the gTLD as something other than
                      a geographic TLD -- a .brand, a generic gTLD, a
                      restricted gTLD (e.g., .tata, .spa, .amazon,
                      .patagonia)<br>
                      <br>
                      For the Geo Case, it may be that there are few
                      instances where support/non-objection letters
                      caused problems in the 2012 round.  One "problem"
                      instance is .africa.  One would have to look at
                      the universe of cases to determine whether all the
                      rest worked well or not.<br>
                      <br>
                      For the Non-Geo Case, it is clear that there were
                      multiple instances where support/non-objection
                      letters or similar exercises of power did cause
                      problems.  We can start with all four of the
                      examples I've cited above.  I would be curious to
                      know if there were Non-Geo Cases that didn't have
                      problems.<br>
                      <br>
                      I think we have to consider these use cases
                      separately.  The considerations that apply when a
                      TLD will be operated as a geo TLD (e.g., Roma for
                      Romans) do not apply when the TLD will be operated
                      for other purposes (e.g., .sandwich for a
                      food-related TLD -- Sandwich, MA was incorporated
                      in 1639 and named after Sandwich, England, which
                      is obviously older).  Blending them together just
                      obscures the issues.<br>
                      <br>
                      Greg<br>
                      <br>
                      <br>
                      <br>
                      On Wed, May 2, 2018 at 12:30 PM, Marita Moll <<a
                        href="mailto:mmoll@ca.inter.net"
                        moz-do-not-send="true">mmoll@ca.inter.net</a><mailto:<a
                        href="mailto:mmoll@ca.inter.net"
                        moz-do-not-send="true">mmoll@ca.inter.net</a>><mailto:<a
                        href="mailto:mmoll@ca.inter.net"
                        moz-do-not-send="true">mmoll@ca.inter.net</a><mailto:<a
                        href="mailto:mmoll@ca.inter.net"
                        moz-do-not-send="true">mmoll@ca.inter.net</a>>><mailto:<a
                        href="mailto:mmoll@ca.inter.net"
                        moz-do-not-send="true">mmoll@ca.inter.net</a><mailto:<a
                        href="mailto:mmoll@ca.inter.net"
                        moz-do-not-send="true">mmoll@ca.inter.net</a>><mailto:<a
                        href="mailto:mmoll@ca.inter.net"
                        moz-do-not-send="true">mmoll@ca.inter.net</a><mailto:<a
                        href="mailto:mmoll@ca.inter.net"
                        moz-do-not-send="true">mmoll@ca.inter.net</a>>>>>
                      wrote:<br>
                      <br>
                      Yes, cities can have long history in older
                      cultures -- wars were fought and people died over
                      them.<br>
                      <br>
                      <br>
                      <br>
                      In Canada, municipal governments are subdivisions
                      of their province. While they have autonomy on
                      most decisions, all by-laws passed are subject to
                      change by the provincial government at any time.
                      So cities exist at the pleasure of the provincial
                      governments.<br>
                      <br>
                      <br>
                      <br>
                      Leaves one to wonder if the province could deny
                      the city the right to it's TLD.:-( This is a
                      pretty slippery slope......<br>
                      <br>
                      <br>
                      Marita<br>
                      <br>
                      On 5/2/2018 11:17 AM, Yrjö Länsipuro wrote:<br>
                      <br>
                      Dear all,<br>
                      <br>
                      <br>
                      <br>
                      Cities have been founded, incorporated and given
                      various privileges - including their names - in
                      the course of history by kings and emperors and
                      other assorted authorities, and in my non-lawyer´s
                      mind, documents attesting to those acts, scribbled
                      on parchment or whatever, are the legal basis.
                      More important, from end-users´ point of view, is
                      the political ownership felt by the citizens.<br>
                      <br>
                      <br>
                      <br>
                      For reference,  attached please find an excerpt of
                      the founding document  of my home city
                      Tampere/Tammerfors in 1779, signed by king Gustaf
                      III.<br>
                      <br>
                      <br>
                      <br>
                      Best,<br>
                      <br>
                      <br>
                      <br>
                      Yrjö<br>
                      <br>
                      <br>
                      <br>
                      [<a href="cid:image001.png@01D3E2D4"
                        moz-do-not-send="true">cid:image001.png@01D3E2D4</a>.C11E9F30]<br>
                      <br>
                      <br>
                      <br>
                      <br>
                      <br>
                      ________________________________<br>
                      From: Gnso-newgtld-wg-wt5 <<a
                        href="mailto:gnso-newgtld-wg-wt5-bounces@icann.org"
                        moz-do-not-send="true">gnso-newgtld-wg-wt5-bounces@icann.org</a><mailto:<a
href="mailto:gnso-newgtld-wg-wt5-bounces@icann.org"
                        moz-do-not-send="true">gnso-newgtld-wg-wt5-bounces@icann.org</a>><mailto:<a
href="mailto:gnso-newgtld-wg-wt5-bounces@icann.org"
                        moz-do-not-send="true">gnso-newgtld-wg-wt5-bounces@icann.org</a><mailto:<a
href="mailto:gnso-newgtld-wg-wt5-bounces@icann.org"
                        moz-do-not-send="true">gnso-newgtld-wg-wt5-bounces@icann.org</a>>>><mailto:<a
href="mailto:gnso-newgtld-wg-wt5-bounces@icann.org"
                        moz-do-not-send="true">gnso-newgtld-wg-wt5-bounces@icann.org</a><mailto:<a
href="mailto:gnso-newgtld-wg-wt5-bounces@icann.org"
                        moz-do-not-send="true">gnso-newgtld-wg-wt5-bounces@icann.org</a>><mailto:<a
href="mailto:gnso-newgtld-wg-wt5-bounces@icann.org"
                        moz-do-not-send="true">gnso-newgtld-wg-wt5-bounces@icann.org</a><mailto:<a
href="mailto:gnso-newgtld-wg-wt5-bounces@icann.org"
                        moz-do-not-send="true">gnso-newgtld-wg-wt5-bounces@icann.org</a>>>>
                      on behalf of Alexander Schubert <<a
                        href="mailto:alexander@schubert.berlin"
                        moz-do-not-send="true">alexander@schubert.berlin</a><mailto:<a
                        href="mailto:alexander@schubert.berlin"
                        moz-do-not-send="true">alexander@schubert.berlin</a>>><mailto:<a
                        href="mailto:alexander@schubert.berlin"
                        moz-do-not-send="true">alexander@schubert.berlin</a><mailto:<a
                        href="mailto:alexander@schubert.berlin"
                        moz-do-not-send="true">alexander@schubert.berlin</a>><mailto:<a
                        href="mailto:alexander@schubert.berlin"
                        moz-do-not-send="true">alexander@schubert.berlin</a><mailto:<a
                        href="mailto:alexander@schubert.berlin"
                        moz-do-not-send="true">alexander@schubert.berlin</a>>>><br>
                      Sent: Wednesday, May 2, 2018 5:16 PM<br>
                      To: <a
                        href="mailto:gnso-newgtld-wg-wt5@icann.org"
                        moz-do-not-send="true">gnso-newgtld-wg-wt5@icann.org</a><mailto:<a
                        href="mailto:gnso-newgtld-wg-wt5@icann.org"
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                        href="mailto:gnso-newgtld-wg-wt5@icann.org"
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                        href="mailto:gnso-newgtld-wg-wt5@icann.org"
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                        href="mailto:gnso-newgtld-wg-wt5@icann.org"
                        moz-do-not-send="true">gnso-newgtld-wg-wt5@icann.org</a><mailto:<a
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                        moz-do-not-send="true">gnso-newgtld-wg-wt5@icann.org</a>><mailto:<a
                        href="mailto:gnso-newgtld-wg-wt5@icann.org"
                        moz-do-not-send="true">gnso-newgtld-wg-wt5@icann.org</a><mailto:<a
                        href="mailto:gnso-newgtld-wg-wt5@icann.org"
                        moz-do-not-send="true">gnso-newgtld-wg-wt5@icann.org</a>>>><br>
                      Subject: Re: [Gnso-newgtld-wg-wt5] Conference
                      call: city names<br>
                      <br>
                      <br>
                      Dear Greg,<br>
                      <br>
                      <br>
                      <br>
                      You write:<br>
                              “…..but a ‘first right’ based on a
                      geographic name is troublesome on several levels.
                      But one fundamental question jumps out -- what
                      right is this first right based on?”<br>
                      <br>
                      If we talk about sizeable (or otherwise
                      “important”) cities:<br>
                      <br>
                      Nobody has a “first right” obviously. Why should
                      anybody. But if a string is (should be) poised to
                      serve as identifier for a sizeable amount of
                      people (e.g. larger cities) – I think we do not
                      have to search for “international law”; it should
                      be self-evident that such an infrastructure
                      resource like a city-gTLD is NOT assigned lightly
                      to “some entity” – but that the representatives of
                      the city are looped in. There is morality and a
                      “sense of common good” OUTSIDE of established law.
                      At least in Good Old Europe.<br>
                      <br>
                      <br>
                      <br>
                      But I completely agree with you if we talk about
                      “minor” geographical entities – such as a small
                      stream or a hill. Or a tiny dwelling somewhere in
                      the nowhere. Especially if there is an entity that
                      is MUCH better known to the public (e.g. a
                      well-known brand  vs. a small mountain) or if it
                      is identical to a generic term: “.new” and the New
                      River.<br>
                      <br>
                      The big question is: How do we policy the line
                      that separates the entities that deserve
                      “protection” from the rest? A repository? Lists of
                      any sort? Population size? Or maybe a panel that
                      decides case by case (caution: Beauty contest
                      alarm)? But having no protections at all is not
                      going to work. To LOWER the already low bar is
                      bonkers in my mind. I wish GAC would pay more
                      attention – there are forces trying to take away
                      DNS infrastructure from The People.<br>
                      <br>
                      <br>
                      Thanks,<br>
                      <br>
                      <br>
                      <br>
                      Alexander.berlin<br>
                      <br>
                      <br>
                      <br>
                      <br>
                      <br>
                      <br>
                      <br>
                      From: Gnso-newgtld-wg-wt5 [mailto:<a
                        href="mailto:gnso-newgtld-wg-wt5-bounces@icann.org"
                        moz-do-not-send="true">gnso-newgtld-wg-wt5-bounces@icann.org</a><mailto:<a
href="mailto:gnso-newgtld-wg-wt5-bounces@icann.org"
                        moz-do-not-send="true">gnso-newgtld-wg-wt5-bounces@icann.org</a>><mailto:<a
href="mailto:gnso-newgtld-wg-wt5-bounces@icann.org"
                        moz-do-not-send="true">gnso-newgtld-wg-wt5-bounces@icann.org</a><mailto:<a
href="mailto:gnso-newgtld-wg-wt5-bounces@icann.org"
                        moz-do-not-send="true">gnso-newgtld-wg-wt5-bounces@icann.org</a>>>]
                      On Behalf Of Greg Shatan<br>
                      Sent: Wednesday, May 02, 2018 7:42 AM<br>
                      To: David Cake <<a
                        href="mailto:dave@davecake.net"
                        moz-do-not-send="true">dave@davecake.net</a><mailto:<a
                        href="mailto:dave@davecake.net"
                        moz-do-not-send="true">dave@davecake.net</a>><mailto:<a
                        href="mailto:dave@davecake.net"
                        moz-do-not-send="true">dave@davecake.net</a><mailto:<a
                        href="mailto:dave@davecake.net"
                        moz-do-not-send="true">dave@davecake.net</a>>>><mailto:<a
                        href="mailto:dave@davecake.net"
                        moz-do-not-send="true">dave@davecake.net</a><mailto:<a
                        href="mailto:dave@davecake.net"
                        moz-do-not-send="true">dave@davecake.net</a>><mailto:<a
                        href="mailto:dave@davecake.net"
                        moz-do-not-send="true">dave@davecake.net</a><mailto:<a
                        href="mailto:dave@davecake.net"
                        moz-do-not-send="true">dave@davecake.net</a>>>><br>
                      Cc: leonard obonyo via Gnso-newgtld-wg-wt5 <<a
                        href="mailto:gnso-newgtld-wg-wt5@icann.org"
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                        href="mailto:gnso-newgtld-wg-wt5@icann.org"
                        moz-do-not-send="true">gnso-newgtld-wg-wt5@icann.org</a><mailto:<a
                        href="mailto:gnso-newgtld-wg-wt5@icann.org"
                        moz-do-not-send="true">gnso-newgtld-wg-wt5@icann.org</a>>>><mailto:<a
                        href="mailto:gnso-newgtld-wg-wt5@icann.org"
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                        href="mailto:gnso-newgtld-wg-wt5@icann.org"
                        moz-do-not-send="true">gnso-newgtld-wg-wt5@icann.org</a>>>><br>
                      Subject: Re: [Gnso-newgtld-wg-wt5] Conference
                      call: city names<br>
                      <br>
                      <br>
                      <br>
                      I find myself generally in agreement with Liz
                      Williams.  There are more nuances to unpack than I
                      have time for, but a "first right" based on a
                      geographic name is troublesome on several levels.
                      But one fundamental question jumps out -- what
                      right is this first right based on?  Is there a
                      legal basis for this?  (Jorge tells us that his
                      government would make a decision "based on law",
                      so it would be useful to know what law we're
                      talking about.)  Requiring a "letter of support or
                      non-objection" is also troublesome and not just
                      for the reasons Liz mentions.  (I hope we do not
                      have to pore through each of the letters of
                      support/non-objection from the first round to
                      highlight the problems they cause, but if we are
                      going to, this should be a job for the WG as a
                      whole, not an assignment for Liz.)  I recognize
                      that, as Jorge say, it "works well for
                      governments."  Well, of course it does!  It
                      completely favors governments, and was imposed by
                      governments (i.e., the GAC).  The problem is that
                      it doesn't work well for anyone else, and it is
                      not well-grounded in the rule of law (unless we
                      are thinking of something akin to the droit de
                      seigneur, or perhaps the Divine Right of Kings).<br>
                      <br>
                      <br>
                      <br>
                      I don't know if I'll be able to be on any part of
                      the call starting shortly, since it is running
                      from 1-2:30 am my time, and I don't do well on 4
                      hours of sleep....  If am not, please accept my
                      apologies.<br>
                      <br>
                      <br>
                      <br>
                      Greg<br>
                      <br>
                      <br>
                      <br>
                      <br>
                      <br>
                      <br>
                      <br>
                      <br>
                      <br>
                      On Mon, Apr 30, 2018 at 11:48 PM, David Cake <<a
                        href="mailto:dave@davecake.net"
                        moz-do-not-send="true">dave@davecake.net</a><mailto:<a
                        href="mailto:dave@davecake.net"
                        moz-do-not-send="true">dave@davecake.net</a>><mailto:<a
                        href="mailto:dave@davecake.net"
                        moz-do-not-send="true">dave@davecake.net</a><mailto:<a
                        href="mailto:dave@davecake.net"
                        moz-do-not-send="true">dave@davecake.net</a>>><mailto:<a
                        href="mailto:dave@davecake.net"
                        moz-do-not-send="true">dave@davecake.net</a><mailto:<a
                        href="mailto:dave@davecake.net"
                        moz-do-not-send="true">dave@davecake.net</a>><mailto:<a
                        href="mailto:dave@davecake.net"
                        moz-do-not-send="true">dave@davecake.net</a><mailto:<a
                        href="mailto:dave@davecake.net"
                        moz-do-not-send="true">dave@davecake.net</a>>>>>
                      wrote:<br>
                      <br>
                      Perth is not even unique within Australia, there
                      is a small town in Tasmania. But the point about
                      ambiguity remaining even if we restrict it to
                      concepts like ‘capital’ is a very good one.<br>
                      <br>
                      <br>
                      <br>
                      David (resident of the Western Australian Perth)<br>
                      <br>
                      <br>
                      <br>
                      On 30 Apr 2018, at 1:18 pm, Liz Williams <<a
                        href="mailto:liz.williams@auda.org.au"
                        moz-do-not-send="true">liz.williams@auda.org.au</a><mailto:<a
                        href="mailto:liz.williams@auda.org.au"
                        moz-do-not-send="true">liz.williams@auda.org.au</a>><mailto:<a
                        href="mailto:liz.williams@auda.org.au"
                        moz-do-not-send="true">liz.williams@auda.org.au</a><mailto:<a
                        href="mailto:liz.williams@auda.org.au"
                        moz-do-not-send="true">liz.williams@auda.org.au</a>>><mailto:<a
                        href="mailto:liz.williams@auda.org.au"
                        moz-do-not-send="true">liz.williams@auda.org.au</a><mailto:<a
                        href="mailto:liz.williams@auda.org.au"
                        moz-do-not-send="true">liz.williams@auda.org.au</a>><mailto:<a
                        href="mailto:liz.williams@auda.org.au"
                        moz-do-not-send="true">liz.williams@auda.org.au</a><mailto:<a
                        href="mailto:liz.williams@auda.org.au"
                        moz-do-not-send="true">liz.williams@auda.org.au</a>>>>>
                      wrote:<br>
                      <br>
                      <br>
                      <br>
                      Hello everyone<br>
                      <br>
                      <br>
                      <br>
                      I wanted to start a new thread of conversation
                      about city names ahead of our upcoming conference
                      call.   We are being encouraged by our co-chairs
                      to think about city names as TLDs. The first point
                      is, perhaps, to recognise the “success” of some
                      previous city TLDs including Berlin, Paris, NYC
                      and so on.  Those applications went through very
                      specific requirements for evaluation and, now,
                      hopefully serve the requirements of local
                      communities.  We should hope that, in any new
                      round, the experiences of those cities will ease
                      the way for future applications because we have
                      learnt something about how and why applicants
                      apply for place names (and I use the word place
                      deliberately) as top level domain labels.<br>
                      <br>
                      <br>
                      <br>
                      For our next round of policy recommendations I
                      wanted to use an example which I think highlights
                      the difficulties we face if we are prescriptive
                      and limited in our analysis.<br>
                      <br>
                      <br>
                      <br>
                      Most of us know that Perth is the capital city of
                      Western Australia.  It is not the capital city of
                      Australia as Canberra has that honour.  Relying on
                      a “is the word a capital city” question is fraught
                      with difficulty.   It is difficult because Perth,
                      Scotland, has at a bare minimum had city status
                      since the 12th century, far longer than Perth,
                      Australia which also has an indigenous place name,
                      its colonial name and a migrant demographic where
                      the largest majority of Perth residents come from
                      England.  Things are complicated by the existence
                      of Perth in Canada which, in its own right, has
                      some features of a capital and, at the very least,
                      some important historic linkages.<br>
                      <br>
                      <br>
                      <br>
                      And then we turn to the generic words which Jon
                      Nevett highlighted in a previous post (Bath, Save,
                      New) which are also place names.<br>
                      <br>
                      <br>
                      <br>
                      That leads us to what can we usefully and
                      objectively recommend as treatment of other names
                      which are also linked to places and how those
                      could be treated as top level domains.  As a
                      starting point, my recommendation would be that we
                      don’t have any special treatment for place names
                      as TLDs and that applicants for those names would
                      be evaluated against other business and technical
                      criteria just like another application.  However,
                      we might want to think about better ways of
                      handling an objection.  Those objections, from
                      whatever quarter, need to be treated in exactly
                      the same way.  I don’t recommend “letters of
                      support or non-objection”.  They are too
                      subjective, fraught with movable political nuance
                      and, in some cases, deeply sensitive geo-political
                      facts (using Jerusalem as the example).<br>
                      <br>
                      <br>
                      <br>
                      I look forward to hearing the views of others.<br>
                      <br>
                      <br>
                      <br>
                      Liz<br>
                      <br>
                      ….<br>
                      Dr Liz Williams | International Affairs<br>
                      .au Domain Administration Ltd<br>
                      M: +61 436 020 595 | +44 7824 877757<br>
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      <pre wrap="">_______________________________________________
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