<html><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"></head><body style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class="">(Not a leadership or SG position)</div>While I originally was more inclined to apply "Clearly Erroneous" across the board, I found value the application of "De Novo" to conflict of interest determinations. <div class=""><br class=""></div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class="">Rubens</div><div class=""><br class=""><div><br class=""><blockquote type="cite" class=""><div class="">On 15 Oct 2019, at 10:24, Jeff Neuman <<a href="mailto:jeff.neuman@comlaude.com" class="">jeff.neuman@comlaude.com</a>> wrote:</div><br class="Apple-interchange-newline"><div class=""><div class="WordSection1" style="page: WordSection1; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none;"><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class="">All,<o:p class=""></o:p></div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><o:p class=""> </o:p></div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class="">One of the remaining topics for Appeals is to determine what the standard of review should be. The choices discussed are “De Novo” or “Clearly Erroneous.”<o:p class=""></o:p></div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><o:p class=""> </o:p></div><ol start="1" type="1" style="margin-bottom: 0in; margin-top: 0in;" class=""><li class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;">Under a “<i class="">De Novo”</i><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>standard of review, the appeals panel is essentially deciding the issues without reference to any of the conclusions or assumptions made by the evaluator/dispute panel. It can refer to the evaluator/dispute panel to determine the facts, but it need not defer to any of the findings or conclusions. It would be as if the appeals panel is hearing the facts for the first time.<i class=""><o:p class=""></o:p></i></li></ol><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><i class=""><o:p class=""> </o:p></i></div><ol start="2" type="1" style="margin-bottom: 0in; margin-top: 0in;" class=""><li class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;" class="">Under a “Clearly Erroneous” standard of review, the appeals panel must accept the evaluator’s or dispute panel’s findings of fact unless the appeals panel is definitely and firmly convinced that a mistake has been made. In other words, it is not enough that the appeals panel may have weighed the evidence and reached a different conclusion; the evaluator’s/dispute panel’s decision will only be reversed if it is implausible in light of all the evidence.</span><i class=""><o:p class=""></o:p></i></li></ol><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><o:p class=""> </o:p></div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class="">In theory it could be possible to have different standards of review depending on what is the issue being appealed. For example, for Conflicts of Interest determinations, we could state that such an appeal would be on a<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><i class="">De Novo</i><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>standard, but for all other appeals, Clearly Erroneous. As a reminder, here are the different types of appeals:<o:p class=""></o:p></div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""> <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><o:p class=""></o:p></div><ol start="1" type="a" style="margin-bottom: 0in; margin-top: 0in;" class=""><li class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><u class="">Evaluations</u><o:p class=""></o:p></li><ol start="1" type="a" style="margin-bottom: 0in; margin-top: 0in;" class=""><li class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;">Background Screening<o:p class=""></o:p></li><li class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;">String Similarity<o:p class=""></o:p></li><li class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;">DNS Stability<o:p class=""></o:p></li><li class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;">Geographic Names<o:p class=""></o:p></li><li class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;">Technical / Operational Evaluation<o:p class=""></o:p></li><li class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;">Financial Evaluation<o:p class=""></o:p></li><li class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;">Registry Services<o:p class=""></o:p></li><li class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;">Applicant Support<o:p class=""></o:p></li><li class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;">Community Priority Evaluation<o:p class=""></o:p></li></ol></ol><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><o:p class=""> </o:p></div><ol start="2" type="a" style="margin-bottom: 0in; margin-top: 0in;" class=""><li class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><u class="">Objections</u><o:p class=""></o:p></li><ol start="1" type="a" style="margin-bottom: 0in; margin-top: 0in;" class=""><li class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;">String Confusion<o:p class=""></o:p></li><li class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;">Legal Rights Objection<o:p class=""></o:p></li><li class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;">Limited Public Interest<o:p class=""></o:p></li><li class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;">Community Objection<o:p class=""></o:p></li><li class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;">Conflict of Interest of Panelists.<o:p class=""></o:p></li></ol></ol><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><o:p class=""> </o:p></div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><i class=""><span style="color: red;" class="">My personal recommendation is that all appeals except for the Conflict of Interest appeals have a “Clearly Erroneous” standard.</span></i><span style="color: red;" class=""> <i class="">Conflict of Interests should be reviewed under a De Novo Standard</i>. To review anything else<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><i class="">De Novo</i><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>would be incredibly time consuming, costly, and could substantially delay applications. ICANN should have a thorough screening process to pick its evaluators/panelists and deference to their determinations should be given. But determinations of Conflict of Interest seem to me to be appropriate for a De Novo standard because the original determination could be made by the party against whom the assertion of a conflict is made.<o:p class=""></o:p></span></div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><span style="color: red;" class=""><o:p class=""> </o:p></span></div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class="">Thoughts?<o:p class=""></o:p></div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><o:p class=""> </o:p></div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><o:p class=""> </o:p></div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><o:p class=""> </o:p></div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><o:p class=""> </o:p></div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; 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