<html><body style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12px;">Hi Paul,<div>First, I need to note that when you copy from some Supreme Court decisions, it comes out really BIG! </div><div><br /></div><div>Second, are we reading the same case :-)? I'm seeing a second level domain name case decided by the Supreme Court -- and one that absolutely reaffirms the traditional principle that the US Trademark Office will not register generic words for generic uses. And we know why -- because it would be utterly unfair to others in the same field. Happy to look at another case if you recommend it... </div><div><br /></div><div>I don't think anything would happen from reopening the discussion, but I do think Closed Generics 2.7.3 needs to be clarified to indicate our stalemate on what to do next. You started the process (tx!) and I'll build on it. Working on this now! </div><div><br /></div><div>Best, Kathy<br /><br /><blockquote><br />----- Original Message -----<br /><div style="width:100%;background:rgb(228,228,228);"><div style="font-weight:bold;">From:</div> "McGrady Paul D." <PMcGrady@taftlaw.com></div><br /><div style="font-weight:bold;">To:</div>"Kathy Kleiman" <kathy@kathykleiman.com>, "alexander@schubert.berlin" <alexander@schubert.berlin>, "gnso-newgtld-wg@icann.org" <gnso-newgtld-wg@icann.org><br /><div style="font-weight:bold;">Cc:</div><br /><div style="font-weight:bold;">Sent:</div>Wed, 8 Jul 2020 21:57:00 +0000<br /><div style="font-weight:bold;">Subject:</div>RE: [Gnso-newgtld-wg] Client Alert - Supreme Court FindsBOOKING.COM Non-Generic And Capable Of Federal TrademarkRegistration<br /><br /><br /><div class="WordSection1">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#000000;">Thanks Kathy. I understand what you are saying, but Ginsburg is quite unavoidable: “</span><span style="font-size:11.5pt;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';letter-spacing:.35pt;">These doctrines guard against the anticompetitive
effects the PTO identifies, ensuring that registration of “</span><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';"><a href="http://booking.com/"><span style="font-size:11.5pt;letter-spacing:.35pt;">Booking.com</span></a></span><span style="font-size:11.5pt;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';letter-spacing:.35pt;">”
would not yield its holder a monopoly on the term “booking.” </span></p><p></p><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.5pt;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';letter-spacing:.35pt;"></span></p><p> </p><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.5pt;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';letter-spacing:.35pt;">Fears that a <. + generic term> TLD would grant a monopoly resulting in other people no longer being able to use that generic term simply have no basis in
the law. </span></p><p></p><p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.5pt;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';letter-spacing:.35pt;">All of that said, all of these emails (while good fun) are somewhat moot since the co-chairs unilaterally cut off discussion on this topic. Perhaps the co-chairs
will note all the back and forth conversation on this topic and will unilaterally un-cutoff discussions. Clearly there remains lots the WG wants to say on this matter.</span></p><p></p><p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.5pt;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';letter-spacing:.35pt;">Best,</span></p><p></p><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.5pt;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';letter-spacing:.35pt;">Paul</span></p><p></p><p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri, sans-serif;">From:</span></b><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri, sans-serif;"> Kathy Kleiman <kathy@kathykleiman.com>
<br /><b>Sent:</b> Wednesday, July 8, 2020 4:28 PM<br /><b>To:</b> McGrady, Paul D. <PMcGrady@taftlaw.com>; alexander@schubert.berlin; gnso-newgtld-wg@icann.org<br /><b>Subject:</b> Re: [Gnso-newgtld-wg] Client Alert - Supreme Court FindsBOOKING.COM Non-Generic And Capable Of Federal TrademarkRegistration</span></p><p></p><p></p>
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<p><span style="font-family:'Helvetica Neue';">Hi Paul,</span><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';"></span></p><p></p><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';"><< The point of the booking.com decision is that it shreds the arguments that <. + generic term> TLDs will somehow cause
a competitive harm. Shreds >></span></p><p></p><p></p>
<p><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';">Happily, the very words of the opinion ensure that this is not the case. The fundamental principle -- that generics belong to all and are not "registerable" to one competitor over another - is absolutely
upheld in the very opening paragraphs of Justice Ginsberg's opinion. In the first line of the 2nd paragraph, Justice Ginsberg writes:
</span></p><p></p><p></p>
<p><b><span style="font-size:12.5pt;">"A generic name—the name of a class of products or services—is ineligible for federal trademark registration."</span></b><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';"></span></p><p></p><p></p>
<p><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';">Let me share the entire paragraph:</span></p><p></p><p></p>
<p><b><span style="font-size:13.5pt;">"A generic name—the name of a class of products or services—is ineligible for federal trademark registration. The word “booking,” the parties do not dispute, is generic for hotel-reservation services. “B</span></b><b><span style="font-size:137.5pt;">ooking.com”
must also be ge</span></b><b><span style="font-size:13.5pt;">neric, the PTO maintains, under an encompassing rule the PTO currently urges us to adopt: The combination of a generic word and “.com” is generic."</span></b><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';"></span></p><p></p><p></p>
<p><span style="font-size:13.5pt;">So "booking" remains generic for hotel reservation services; trucking remains generic for various trucking services; search remains generic for various searching services. None of that is changed by this decision. The bar
against registrations of generics is, in fact, upheld and further reinforced. Further, Justice Ginsberg points out in the decision (as Anne does in her summary) that this case is a narrow one: looking at the "combination" of a "generic word" and ".com".
</span><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';"></span></p><p></p><p></p>
<p><span style="font-size:13.5pt;">As you know, Paul, the Supreme Court </span><span style="font-size:12.5pt;">operates on narrow decisions -- it must decide a case based on the specific facts before it and the legal issues they raise. Chief Justice Roberts
summarized this position for graduating Georgetown Law School students in 2006 by saying: "If it's not necessary to decide more to dispose of a case, in my view, it's necessary not to decide more." (Associate Press, 2006)</span><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';"></span></p><p></p><p></p>
<p><span style="font-size:12.5pt;">So this is a <generic> + TLD case. Justice Ginsburg further reiterates the concept that generics shall not be registered in the US Trademark Office in their generic sense farther down in the case, including: "See Restatement
(Third) of Unfair Competition Sec. 15, p. 142 (1993); Otokoyama Co. v. Wine of Japan Import, Inc., 175 F.3d 266, 270 (CA2 1999) ("[E]veryone may use [generic terms] to refer to the goods they designate.")." And there is more... but I will spare the non-lawyers
in the group :-). </span><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';"></span></p><p></p><p></p>
<p><span style="font-size:12.5pt;">If anything, this case reiterates everything we have been saying about generic words-- that they must remain open to all in the given business or industry. And that monopolization of a generic term by a single competitor would
be a utmost violation of fair competition rules. </span><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';"></span></p><p></p><p></p>
<p><span style="font-size:12.5pt;">This case reinforces these basic principles. Thus monopolization of a generic terms -- a .CLOUD, .SEARCH, .BOOK -- by a single competitor of the business or industry class would raise a deep, deep concern for "unfair competition"
(as Justice Ginsburg notes above). </span><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';"></span></p><p></p><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:12pt;"><span style="font-size:12.5pt;">Best, Kathy</span><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';"> <br /><br /></span></p><p></p><p></p>
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----- Original Message -----</span></p><p></p><p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="background:#e4e4e4;"><b><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';">From:</span></b></p><p></p><p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="background:#e4e4e4;"><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';">"McGrady Paul D." <<a href="mailto:PMcGrady@taftlaw.com">PMcGrady@taftlawcom</a>></span></p><p></p><p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';">To:</span></b></p><p></p><p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';">"<a href="mailto:alexander@schubert.berlin">alexander@schubert.berlin</a>" <<a href="mailto:alexander@schubertberlin">alexander@schubert.berlin</a>>, "<a href="mailto:gnso-newgtld-wg@icann.org">gnso-newgtld-wg@icann.org</a>"
<<a href="mailto:gnso-newgtld-wg@icann.org">gnso-newgtld-wg@icann.org</a>></span></p><p></p><p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';">Cc:</span></b></p><p></p><p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';">Sent:</span></b></p><p></p><p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';">Wed, 8 Jul 2020 13:31:03 +0000</span></p><p></p><p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';">Subject:</span></b></p><p></p><p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:12pt;"><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';">Re: [Gnso-newgtld-wg] Client Alert - Supreme Court Finds BOOKING.COM Non-Generic And Capable Of Federal Trademark Registration<br /><br /></span></p><p></p><p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000000;">Thanks Alexander. I am not making that argument and so won’t address your variant of an argument I’m not
making. </span><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';"></span></p><p></p><p></p>
<p><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';"> </span></p><p></p><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000000;">The point of the booking.com decision is that it shreds the arguments that <. + generic term> TLDs will somehow
cause a competitive harm. Shreds.</span><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';"></span></p><p></p><p></p>
<p><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';"> </span></p><p></p><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000000;">Best,</span><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';"></span></p><p></p><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000000;">Paul</span><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';"></span></p><p></p><p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri, sans-serif;">From:</span></b><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri, sans-serif;"> Gnso-newgtld-wg <<a href="mailto:gnso-newgtld-wg-bounces@icann.org">gnso-newgtld-wg-bounces@icann.org</a>>
<b>On Behalf Of </b>Alexander Schubert<br /><b>Sent:</b> Thursday, July 2, 2020 10:48 AM<br /><b>To:</b> <a href="mailto:gnso-newgtld-wg@icann.org">gnso-newgtld-wg@icann.org</a><br /><b>Subject:</b> Re: [Gnso-newgtld-wg] Client Alert - Supreme Court Finds BOOKING.COM Non-Generic And Capable Of Federal Trademark Registration</span><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';"></span></p><p></p><p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri, sans-serif;color:#1F497D;">Paul,</span><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';"></span></p><p></p><p></p>
<p><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';"> </span></p><p></p><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri, sans-serif;color:#1F497D;">I don’t understand: Are you arguing that because Booking.com won the right to deny third parties using
the letter combination “booking.com” in connotation with hotel booking services an applicant for a generic string based gTLD could deny public access to the new gTLD namespace?
</span><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';"></span></p><p></p><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri, sans-serif;color:#1F497D;"><br />
Question:<br />
In your opinion; if the domain registration for booking.com would expire, could Booking.com deny the new registrant from offering hotel booking services on a website to which the domain routes – based on their “booking.com” TM (once they have it)?<br /><br />
Thanks,</span><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';"></span></p><p></p><p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri, sans-serif;color:#1F497D;">Alexander</span><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';"></span></p><p></p><p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri, sans-serif;">From:</span></b><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri, sans-serif;"> Gnso-newgtld-wg [<a href="mailto:gnso-newgtld-wg-bounces@icann.org">mailto:gnso-newgtld-wg-bounces@icann.org</a>]
<b>On Behalf Of </b>McGrady, Paul D.<br /><b>Sent:</b> Donnerstag, 2. Juli 2020 18:13<br /><b>To:</b> Justine Chew <<a href="mailto:justine.chew@gmail.com">justine.chew@gmail.com</a>>; Rubens Kuhl <<a href="mailto:rubensk@nic.br">rubensk@nic.br</a>><br /><b>Cc:</b> <a href="mailto:gnso-newgtld-wg@icann.org">gnso-newgtld-wg@icann.org</a><br /><b>Subject:</b> Re: [Gnso-newgtld-wg] Client Alert - Supreme Court Finds BOOKING.COM Non-Generic And Capable Of Federal Trademark Registration</span><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';"></span></p><p></p><p></p>
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<p><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';"> </span></p><p></p><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000000;">Thanks Justine. Understood. And to be clear, SCOTUS doesn’t address our exact debate (although we are mentioned
in the one-man dissent but in that dissent Justice Breyer specifically mentions how new gTLD registries are building brand awareness for their brands, e.g. .club – so again helpful to those who believe <.+generic term> TLDs should remain available as they
were in the AGB2012 Guidebook), it just dispatched the fear-of-not-being-able-to-use-the-term argument upon which the <anti-.+ generic term> have built their case and generally takes a big swing at per se rules. Lucky timing, since it gives this WG another
chance to actually make Policy as the Board asked us to do rather than just saying “we don’t know.”
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000000;">I understand why those whose position is essentially vitiated by this SCOTUS decision want to push hard to
get the topic removed from discussion now that this case it out. Even so, hopefully the Co-chairs will give this the time it was promised.</span><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';"></span></p><p></p><p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000000;">Best,</span><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';"></span></p><p></p><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#000000;">Paul</span><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';"></span></p><p></p><p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri, sans-serif;">From:</span></b><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri, sans-serif;"> Justine Chew <</span><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';"><a href="mailto:justine.chew@gmail.com"><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri, sans-serif;">justine.chew@gmail.com</span></a></span><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri, sans-serif;">>
<br /><b>Sent:</b> Wednesday, July 1, 2020 11:44 PM<br /><b>To:</b> Rubens Kuhl <</span><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';"><a href="mailto:rubensk@nic.br"><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri, sans-serif;">rubensk@nic.br</span></a></span><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri, sans-serif;">>;
McGrady, Paul D. <</span><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';"><a href="mailto:PMcGrady@taftlaw.com"><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri, sans-serif;">PMcGrady@taftlaw.com</span></a></span><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri, sans-serif;">><br /><b>Cc:</b> </span><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';"><a href="mailto:gnso-newgtld-wg@icann.org"><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri, sans-serif;">gnso-newgtld-wg@icann.org</span></a></span><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri, sans-serif;"><br /><b>Subject:</b> Re: [Gnso-newgtld-wg] Client Alert - Supreme Court Finds BOOKING.COM Non-Generic And Capable Of Federal Trademark Registration</span><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';"></span></p><p></p><p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';">Paul, I wasn't suggesting we dismiss what SCOTUS said, but as we well know, there could be room to distinguish court decisions.
But I will read the SCOTUS judgment, thanks to you.<br /><br />
Rubens, sorry to not be helpful here - I don't know - but it's not inconceivable to me that a (supreme) court of a different jurisdiction may choose to hold a different view.<br clear="all" /></span></p><p></p><p></p>
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Kind regards,<br /><br />
Justine<br />
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';">On Thu, 2 Jul 2020 at 11:53, Rubens Kuhl <<a href="mailto:rubensk@nic.br">rubensk@nic.br</a>> wrote:</span></p><p></p><p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';">Is there a position on generic trademarks in general from WIPO ? </span></p><p></p><p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';">Rubens</span></p><p></p><p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';">On 2 Jul 2020, at 00:05, Justine Chew <<a href="mailto:justine.chew@gmail.com">justine.chew@gmail.com</a>> wrote:</span></p><p></p><p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';">Hi Paul, thanks for the pdf. <br /><br />
I can't help but to wonder what might happen if a (supreme) court of another jurisdiction were to hold a different view. <br clear="all" /></span></p><p></p><p></p>
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Kind regards,<br /><br />
Justine<br />
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';">On Thu, 2 Jul 2020 at 10:49, McGrady, Paul D. <<a href="mailto:PMcGrady@taftlaw.com">PMcGrady@taftlaw.com</a>> wrote:</span></p><p></p><p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';">Thanks Justine. I’ve attached a PDF for you. I’m not familiar with the contents of the other commentary article you
mention, but I think the actual opinion by Ginsburg makes it clear that the per se rule is quite abolished at the USPTO.
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';">The Justice writes:</span></p><p></p><p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right:.05in;margin-left:.05in;text-align:justify;text-indent:.1in;line-height:13.2pt;vertical-align:baseline;">
<span style="font-size:11.5pt;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';letter-spacing:.25pt;">“The PTO’s principal concern is that trademark protection for a term like “</span><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';"><a href="http://booking.com/"><span style="font-size:11.5pt;letter-spacing:.25pt;">Booking.com</span></a></span><span style="font-size:11.5pt;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';letter-spacing:.25pt;">”
would hinder competitors. But the PTO does not assert that others seeking to offer online hotel-reservation services need to call their services “</span><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';"><a href="http://booking.com/"><span style="font-size:11.5pt;letter-spacing:.25pt;">Booking.com</span></a></span><span style="font-size:11.5pt;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';letter-spacing:.25pt;">.”
Rather, the PTO fears that trademark protection for “</span><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';"><a href="http://booking.com/"><span style="font-size:11.5pt;letter-spacing:.25pt;">Booking.com</span></a></span><span style="font-size:115pt;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';letter-spacing:.25pt;">”
could exclude or inhibit competitors from using the term “booking” or adopting domain names like “</span><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';"><a href="http://ebooking.com/"><span style="font-size:11.5pt;letter-spacing:.25pt;">ebooking.com</span></a></span><span style="font-size:115pt;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';letter-spacing:.25pt;">”
or “</span><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';"><a href="http://hotel-booking.com/"><span style="font-size:11.5pt;letter-spacing:.25pt;">hotel-booking.com</span></a></span><span style="font-size:11.5pt;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';letter-spacing:.25pt;">.”
Brief for Petitioners 27–28. The PTO’s objection, therefore, is not to exclusive use of “</span><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';"><a href="http://booking.com/"><span style="font-size:115pt;letter-spacing:.25pt;">Booking.com</span></a></span><span style="font-size:11.5pt;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';letter-spacing:.25pt;">”
as a mark, but to undue control over similar language, </span><i><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';letter-spacing:.25pt;">i.e.</span></i><span style="font-size:11.5pt;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';letter-spacing:.25pt;">, “booking,” that
others should remain free to use.</span><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';"></span></p><p></p><p></p>
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<span style="font-size:11.5pt;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';letter-spacing:.3pt;">That concern attends any descriptive mark. Responsive to it, trademark law hems in the scope of such marks short of denying trademark protection altogether. Notably, a competitor’s
use does not infringe a mark unless it is likely to confuse consumers. See §§1114(1), 1125(a)(1)(A); 4 McCarthy §23:1.50 (collecting state law). In assessing the likelihood of confusion, courts consider the mark’s distinctiveness: “The weaker a mark, the
fewer are the junior uses that will trigger a likelihood of consumer confusion.” 2
</span><i><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';letter-spacing:.3pt;">id.</span></i><span style="font-size:11.5pt;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';letter-spacing:.3pt;">, §11:76. When a mark incorporates generic or highly descriptive components,
consumers are less likely to think that other uses of the common element emanate from the mark’s owner.
</span><i><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';letter-spacing:.3pt;">Ibid.
</span></i><span style="font-size:11.5pt;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';letter-spacing:.3pt;">Similarly, “[i]n a ‘crowded’ field of look-alike marks” (</span><i><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';letter-spacing:.3pt;">e.g.</span></i><span style="font-size:11.5pt;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';letter-spacing:.3pt;">,
hotel names including the word “grand”), consumers “may have learned to carefully pick out” one mark from another.
</span><i><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';letter-spacing:.3pt;">Id.</span></i><span style="font-size:11.5pt;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';letter-spacing:.3pt;">, §11:85. And even where some consumer confusion exists, the doctrine known
as classic fair use, see </span><i><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';letter-spacing:3pt;">id.</span></i><span style="font-size:11.5pt;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';letter-spacing:.3pt;">, §11:45, protects from liability anyone who uses
a descriptive term, “fairly and in good faith” and “otherwise than as a mark,” merely to describe her own goods. 15 U. S. C. §1115(b)(4); see
</span><i><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';letter-spacing:.3pt;">KP Permanent Make-Up</span></i><span style="font-size:11.5pt;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';letter-spacing:.3pt;">,
</span><i><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';letter-spacing:3pt;">Inc.
</span></i><span style="font-size:11.5pt;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';letter-spacing:.3pt;">v.
</span><i><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';letter-spacing:.3pt;">Lasting Impression I</span></i><span style="font-size:11.5pt;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';letter-spacing:.3pt;">,
</span><i><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';letter-spacing:.3pt;">Inc.</span></i><span style="font-size:11.5pt;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';letter-spacing:.3pt;">, 543 U. S. 111, 122–123 (2004).</span><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';"></span></p><p></p><p></p>
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<span style="font-size:11.5pt;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';letter-spacing:.35pt;">These doctrines guard against the anticompetitive effects the PTO identifies, ensuring that registration of “</span><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';"><a href="http://booking.com/"><span style="font-size:11.5pt;letter-spacing:.35pt;">Booking.com</span></a></span><span style="font-size:11.5pt;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';letter-spacing:.35pt;">”
would not yield its holder a monopoly on the term “booking.” </span><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';"><a href="http://booking.com/"><span style="font-size:11.5pt;letter-spacing:.35pt;">Bookingcom</span></a></span><span style="font-size:11.5pt;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';letter-spacing:.35pt;">
concedes that “</span><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';"><a href="http://booking.com/"><span style="font-size:11.5pt;letter-spacing:.35pt;">Booking.com</span></a></span><span style="font-size:11.5pt;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';letter-spacing:.35pt;">”
would be a “weak” mark. Tr. of Oral Arg. 66. See also </span><i><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';letter-spacing:.35pt;">id.</span></i><span style="font-size:11.5pt;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';letter-spacing:.35pt;">, at 42–43, 55. The
mark is descriptive, </span><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';"><a href="http://booking.com/"><span style="font-size:11.5pt;letter-spacing:.35pt;">Booking.com</span></a></span><span style="font-size:115pt;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';letter-spacing:.35pt;">
recognizes, making it “harder . . . to show a likelihood of confusion.” </span>
<i><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';letter-spacing:.35pt;">Id.</span></i><span style="font-size:11.5pt;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';letter-spacing:.35pt;">, at 43 Furthermore, because its mark is one of many “similarly worded marks,”
</span><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';"><a href="http://booking.com/"><span style="font-size:11.5pt;letter-spacing:.35pt;">Booking.com</span></a></span><span style="font-size:11.5pt;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';letter-spacing:.35pt;">
accepts that close variations are unlikely to infringe. </span><i><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';letter-spacing:.35pt;">Id.</span></i><span style="font-size:11.5pt;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';letter-spacing:.35pt;">, at 66. And
</span><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';"><a href="http://booking.com/"><span style="font-size:11.5pt;letter-spacing:.35pt;">Booking.com</span></a></span><span style="font-size:11.5pt;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';letter-spacing:.35pt;">
acknowledges that federal registration of “</span><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';"><a href="http://booking.com/"><span style="font-size:11.5pt;letter-spacing:.35pt;">Booking.com</span></a></span><span style="font-size:11.5pt;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';letter-spacing:.35pt;">”
would not prevent competitors from using the word “booking” to describe their own services.
</span><i><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';letter-spacing:.35pt;">Id.</span></i><span style="font-size:11.5pt;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';letter-spacing:.35pt;">, at 55.”</span><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';"></span></p><p></p><p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';">So, those against <.+ generic term> TLDs are going to have to find some other basis to argue that there will be some sort
of harm. This leaves the opponents with (1) being against them because they didn’t apply but their competitors did; (2) they are a registrar that can’t make any money on them; (3) a bias against free speech; (4) a bias against nascent trademarks. None of
these are nearly as noble sounding as the fear about competitive harm, but Ginsburg has nicely dispatched that fear. Sure would be nice if the Co-chairs would allow more time, as initially promised, so that we can develop some policy. This decision by SCOTUS
is very instructive and we should take the time to understand it and build guardrails around the <.+ generic term> TLDs instead of just throwing our hands up and sending nothing the Board instead of the something they asked us for.</span></p><p></p><p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';">Best,</span></p><p></p><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';">Paul</span></p><p></p><p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri, sans-serif;">From:</span></b><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri, sans-serif;"> Justine Chew <</span><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';"><a href="mailto:justine.chew@gmail.com"><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri, sans-serif;">justine.chew@gmail.com</span></a></span><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri, sans-serif;">>
<br /><b>Sent:</b> Wednesday, July 1, 2020 8:51 PM<br /><b>To:</b> McGrady, Paul D. <</span><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';"><a href="mailto:PMcGrady@taftlaw.com"><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri, sans-serif;">PMcGrady@taftlaw.com</span></a></span><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri, sans-serif;">><br /><b>Cc:</b> Aikman-Scalese, Anne <</span><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';"><a href="mailto:AAikman@lrrc.com"><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri, sans-serif;">AAikman@lrrc.com</span></a></span><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri, sans-serif;">>;
</span><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';"><a href="mailto:gnso-newgtld-wg@icann.org"><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri, sans-serif;">gnso-newgtld-wg@icann.org</span></a></span><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri, sans-serif;"><br /><b>Subject:</b> Re: [Gnso-newgtld-wg] Client Alert - Supreme Court Finds </span><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';"><a href="http://booking.com/"><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri, sans-serif;">BOOKING.COM</span></a></span><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri, sans-serif;">
Non-Generic And Capable Of Federal Trademark Registration</span><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';"></span></p><p></p><p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';">Hi Paul,<br /><br />
The link you offered is one behind a paywall, so not very useful for me as a non-subscriber.<br /><br />
But I note that Winterfeldt IP Group has also released a client advisory which points to uncertainty and important element(s) not raised in the appeal and therefore not considered by SCOTUS.<br clear="all" /></span></p><p></p><p></p>
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Kind regards,<br /><br />
Justine<br />
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';">On Wed, 1 Jul 2020 at 10:51, McGrady, Paul D. <<a href="mailto:PMcGrady@taftlaw.com">PMcGrady@taftlaw.com</a>> wrote:</span></p><p></p><p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';">Thanks Anne.</span></p><p></p><p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';">All, here is the link to the actual decision:
<a href="https://www.law360.com/dockets/download/5efb47347da17405e86713cb?doc_url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.supremecourt.gov%2Fopinions%2F19pdf%2F19-46_8n59.pdf&label=Opinion">
https://www.law360.com/dockets/download/5efb47347da17405e86713cb?doc_url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.supremecourt.gov%2Fopinions%2F19pdf%2F19-46_8n59.pdf&label=Opinion</a>. The Supreme Court strikes down the USPTO’s per se rule against allowing trademark registration
for generic term + trademark. Justice Ginsburg does a great job of pointing out why people who are worried about a competitor no longer being able to use the generic word (e.g. claims that there would be a monopoly on such a term) have nothing to fear. It’s
a great read. I wish we could get her on one of our calls!</span></p><p></p><p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';">The same is, of course, true in ICANNland – a so-called closed generic for .hammers would not stop anyone from using “hammers”
to identify hammers. And, just like the for the USPTO, a per se rule against them makes no sense. This is, no doubt, why the ICANN Board deferred the 2012 closed generic applications to the upcoming round and asked us to develop policy to deal with those
deferred applications. I remain hopeful, against all nay saying to the contrary, that we can still eek out some policy here as the Board asked us to do.</span></p><p></p><p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';">Best to all,</span></p><p></p><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';">Paul</span></p><p></p><p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';">From:</span></b><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';"> Gnso-newgtld-wg <<a href="mailto:gnso-newgtld-wg-bounces@icann.org">gnso-newgtld-wg-bounces@icann.org</a>>
<b>On Behalf Of </b>Aikman-Scalese, Anne<br /><b>Sent:</b> Tuesday, June 30, 2020 7:12 PM<br /><b>To:</b> <a href="mailto:gnso-newgtld-wg@icann.org">gnso-newgtld-wg@icann.org</a><br /><b>Subject:</b> [Gnso-newgtld-wg] FW: Client Alert - Supreme Court Finds <a href="http://booking.com/">
BOOKING.COM</a> Non-Generic And Capable Of Federal Trademark Registration</span></p><p></p><p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#993366;">Dear WG members,</span><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';"></span></p><p></p><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#993366;">Just in case anyone on the list is wondering about the US Supreme Court decision in the
</span><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';"><a href="http://booking.com/">booking.com</a><span style="color:#993366;"> trademark case that Paul and I were discussing on the list, please see attached summary. Again, my view is this is a
“secondary meaning” case with uncontested evidence that consumers recognized the domain as a source indicator of the owner’s services.</span></span></p><p></p><p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#993366;">Thank you,</span><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';"></span></p><p></p><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';color:#993366;">Anne</span><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:'Helvetica Neue';"></span></p><p></p><p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:Arial, sans-serif;color:#AF272F;">Anne E. Aikman-Scalese</span></b></p><p></p><p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:Arial, sans-serif;color:#323232;">Of Counsel</span></p><p></p><p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:Arial, sans-serif;color:#323232;">520.629.4428 office</span></p><p></p><p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><a href="mailto:AAikman@lrrc.com" title="Email User"><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:Arial, sans-serif;color:#323232;">AAikman@lrrc.com</span></a></p><p></p><p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:Arial, sans-serif;color:#323232;">_____________________________</span></p><p></p><p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:Arial, sans-serif;color:#993366;"><image001.png></span></p><p></p><p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:Arial, sans-serif;color:#323232;">Lewis Roca Rothgerber Christie LLP</span></p><p></p><p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:Arial, sans-serif;color:#323232;">One South Church Avenue, Suite 2000</span></p><p></p><p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:Arial, sans-serif;color:#323232;">Tucson, Arizona 85701-1611</span></p><p></p><p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><a href="http://lrrc.com/" title="Lewis Roca Rothgerber Christie Webpage"><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:Arial, sans-serif;color:#323232;">lrrc.com</span></a></p><p></p><p></p>
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