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<div>I agree Steve, however the cases before us are related to registration of a gTLD for the use case specified, I can create hundreds of other use cases for use of the internet by such groups but they wouldn’t be relevant to the scope of this group. </div>
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<div>—James</div>
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<span style="font-weight:bold">From: </span><<a href="mailto:gnso-rds-pdp-wg-bounces@icann.org">gnso-rds-pdp-wg-bounces@icann.org</a>> on behalf of "Metalitz, Steven" <<a href="mailto:met@msk.com">met@msk.com</a>><br>
<span style="font-weight:bold">Date: </span>Tuesday 26 July 2016 at 14:25<br>
<span style="font-weight:bold">To: </span>'Greg Aaron' <<a href="mailto:gca@icginc.com">gca@icginc.com</a>>, Ayden Férdeline <<a href="mailto:icann@ferdeline.com">icann@ferdeline.com</a>>, "<a href="mailto:gnso-rds-pdp-wg@icann.org">gnso-rds-pdp-wg@icann.org</a>"
<<a href="mailto:gnso-rds-pdp-wg@icann.org">gnso-rds-pdp-wg@icann.org</a>><br>
<span style="font-weight:bold">Subject: </span>Re: [gnso-rds-pdp-wg] Use Case - Dissident Group Using the Internet to Communicate Information<br>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125);">To supplement Greg’s point, it is also the case that there are many other ways for a “dissident group [to use] the Internet to communicate information,”
other than by registering a domain name at the second level in a gTLD – or at all. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125);"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(136, 22, 46);"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125);">Steve Metalitz<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;">From:</span></b><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;">
<a href="mailto:gnso-rds-pdp-wg-bounces@icann.org">gnso-rds-pdp-wg-bounces@icann.org</a> [<a href="mailto:gnso-rds-pdp-wg-bounces@icann.org">mailto:gnso-rds-pdp-wg-bounces@icann.org</a>]
<b>On Behalf Of </b>Greg Aaron<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Tuesday, July 26, 2016 9:11 AM<br>
<b>To:</b> Ayden Férdeline; <a href="mailto:gnso-rds-pdp-wg@icann.org">gnso-rds-pdp-wg@icann.org</a><br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: [gnso-rds-pdp-wg] Use Case - Dissident Group Using the Internet to Communicate Information<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><a name="_MailEndCompose"><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;">Here are three cases that are variations of the scenario that Ayden presented.
<o:p></o:p></span></a></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="text-indent:-.25in"><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;">1.</span><span style="font-size:7.0pt">
</span><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;">Member of the dissident group registers a gTLD domain name using a privacy service, located in a different country from the registrant. The actual market price of such services is inexpensive (for example
GoDaddy’s is US$7.00 per year). It may be reasonable to assume that at-risk dissidents are aware that privacy services exist, and can afford the minimal cost. Government authorities in the dissident’s country request the underlying registrant data from the
privacy service provider. The privacy service provider must then decide whether it will accept the government’s complaint. The decision may depend mainly on whether the service provider believes the registrant has breached the service provider’s terms of
service, as interpreted under the laws of the service provider’s country (not the country of the registrant and the complaining government).<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="text-indent:-.25in"><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;">2.</span><span style="font-size:7.0pt">
</span><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"> Instead of a gTLD domain, member of the dissident group chooses to register a ccTLD domain, in a ccTLD that does not provide registrant contact data in its WHOIS. The ccTLD registry and registrar are
outside the dissident’s country. If the government authorities in the dissident’s country wish to obtain contact data, the government authorities must contact either the registrar or registry, which will then consider the complaint according to their terms
of service, as interpreted under the laws of the registrar’s or registry’s country.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="text-indent:-.25in"><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;">3.</span><span style="font-size:7.0pt">
</span><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;">Member of the dissident group registers a gTLD domain name using a proxy, such as a law firm located in another country. If government authorities in the dissident’s country request the identity of the
dissident, the proxy must decide whether to reveal its client’s name. The proxy is not subject to the jurisdiction of the foreign government.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;">These use cases assume that dissidents wish to take steps to keep their identities from their government regime. All three cases allow the registrant to work within existing ICANN registration
data policies, including the recommendations that have come out of the recent privacy/proxy PDP.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;">All best,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;">--Greg<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;">From:</span></b><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><a href="mailto:gnso-rds-pdp-wg-bounces@icann.org">gnso-rds-pdp-wg-bounces@icann.org</a>
[<a href="mailto:gnso-rds-pdp-wg-bounces@icann.org">mailto:gnso-rds-pdp-wg-bounces@icann.org</a>]
<b>On Behalf Of </b>Ayden Férdeline<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Monday, July 25, 2016 6:41 PM<br>
<b>To:</b> <a href="mailto:gnso-rds-pdp-wg@icann.org">gnso-rds-pdp-wg@icann.org</a><br>
<b>Subject:</b> [gnso-rds-pdp-wg] Use Case - Dissident Group Using the Internet to Communicate Information<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;">Hello all,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;">I would like to introduce an additional use case. This is just a rough draft for now, and I welcome your feedback on how this use case can be strengthened. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;">The scenario is: a dissident group launches a website to bring important news and information to the public. They register their domain name in a foreign nation and do not want law enforcement,
or other parties, to be able to identify the website’s administrators, management, and/or sources of information. If this information was made known, their publishing could be silenced and their sources and contributors could suffer harm. The registrant is
not aware of the existence of privacy proxy services at the time they register their domain name.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;">Misuse Case:</span></b><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"> The RDS could be used by State actors or other parties to identify members of or contributors to the dissident group,
and this could result in their voices being silenced through legal, political, or physical means.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;">Main Misuse Case:
</span></b><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;">An actor is unhappy that a website in a country is publishing material that speaks unfavourably about a given topic. They wish to launch political and legal attacks to silence the website’s publishers
and to alter the narrative of the historical record on this topic. They thus utilise the RDS to identify a contact of someone involved in the administration of this website, with the view of torturing or otherwise extracting from this contact the names and
contact details of contributors to the dissenting website. As the registrant does not subscribe to a privacy proxy service (possibly because of limited financial resources, or lack of awareness that such a service exists), their contact details have been permanently
published into the public record and their privacy is thus permanently breached. As a result the RDS threatens the ability of dissenting voices to exercise their inalienable rights in an online environment. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;">Primary Actor:
</span></b><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;">Government or other entity wanting to censor a dissident group.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;">Other stakeholders:</span></b><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"> Domain name registrant.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;">Scope:</span></b><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;">Level:</span></b><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;">Data Elements:</span></b><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"> In order to prevent misuse by another actor, no personally identifiable information should be stored in the RDS
whatsoever. The only data elements that the RDS requires to operate on a technical level are: the domain name itself, the registrar, the domain name’s expiry date, and its status (registered / not registered). For it to be of functional use, there are two
optional fields: name servers, and the auth-code.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;">Story: </span></b><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<ul type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1">
<span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;">A requestor accesses the RDS to obtain information about a registered domain name. The RDS immediately returns the registration data associated with the domain name, which may include a name and physical address
of the registrant.<o:p></o:p></span></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1">
<span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;">The requestor passes the extracted information on to a third party who visits the physical address of the contact. The registrant suffers physical harm as a result of the RDS and no longer feels comfortable using
the Internet to convey to the public important information.<o:p></o:p></span></li></ul>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;">Privacy implications:
</span></b><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;">Article 19 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights states that everyone has the right to freedom of opinion and expression; this right includes the freedom to hold opinions without interference
and to seek, receive, and impart information and ideas through any media and regardless of frontiers. These principles must be upheld in the RDS. An RDS that contains any personally-identifiable information would threaten these very freedoms. Accordingly,
the RDS must only collect and store data for limited, lawful, and appropriate purposes.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;">Who has control of and access to the data:
</span></b><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"> </span></b><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;">Conditions under which the data are accessible:
</span></b><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;">How data can be accessed:
</span></b><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;">At this time, personally identifiable information can be accessed by any party in the world, for any reason. This is not consistent with best practices in privacy protection.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;">Other?</span></b><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;">As you can see, I have left a few of the fields in Lisa's template for use cases blank. I do not have all the answers, so I would very much welcome your suggestions on how this use case could
be strengthened. I'm still a little uncertain as to whether we are designing use cases for what the WHOIS protocol is like today (this is an assumption I have gone by in this first draft) or if this is meant to be more like a use case in a dream system instead.
I'll revise this use case once I understand this exercise a bit better.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;">Thank you for your time, consideration, and feedback.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;">Best wishes,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;">Ayden Férdeline<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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