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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">Dear Ayden,
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">Thank you very much for sharing your concerns and apologies for the late response, I was away from the office.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">I am not sure how you got the perception that Europol was “trawling” through WHOIS records or that Europol was “exempt from some
of the general provisions on data processing” or even that our legal framework limited the ability of Europol staff to process data from publicly available sources related to “terror manuals” or “criminals claiming credit for attacks”.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">In fact, I can assure you that
<u>Europol is not exempted from the general provisions on data protection</u>. European data protection legislation has been implemented in the organisation with the aim of creating a legal framework which balances the fundamental interests of freedom and security.
The tailor-made set of rules provides Europol with one of the strongest, most robust data protection framework in the world of law enforcement.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">As far as data exchange inside the EU is concerned, Art.22-25 of Europol Council Decision (ECD) provides a basis for Europol to establish
and maintain cooperative relations with Union or Community institutions, bodies, offices and agencies; third States and organisations; private parties and private persons in so far as it is relevant to the performance of its tasks.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">Europol exchanges personal data only with third parties which have an adequate level of data protection. The prior data protection
assessment of the third party involves a check on the necessary data protection legislation and confidentiality rules in place and in practice. The list of the third countries with which Europol has established an operational agreement is published on our
website. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">In addition, Europol can receive information from private parties such as companies, business associations or non-profit organisations.
As with any transfer of personal data, this process is subject to data protection controls.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">Last but not least, in line with the respective provisions of the ECD, Europol can also retrieve and process data, including personal
data, from publicly available sources, such as media and public data and commercial intelligence providers, in accordance with the data protection framework.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">I hope that I could clarify some of the issues you raised.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">Kind regards,
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">Greg<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"">From:</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif""> Ayden Férdeline [mailto:icann@ferdeline.com]
<br>
<b>Sent:</b> 08 August 2016 14:11<br>
<b>To:</b> Mounier, Grégory<br>
<b>Cc:</b> Rob Golding; RDS PDP WG<br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: [gnso-rds-pdp-wg] @EXT: RE: Use cases: Fundamental, Incidental, and Theoretical<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"">Greg,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif""><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"">I am disappointed that Europol seems to be advocating that personal information be processed in a manner inconsistent with European law.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif""><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"">I fully appreciate that, in order to allow Europol to collect sensitive information from the Member States in the pursuit of investigations, your agency is exempt from some of the general
provisions on data processing. You are permitted to directly retrieve and process information obtained from publicly-available sources, but the promotional literature on the Europol website suggests Europol agents searching for publicly-available ‘terror manuals’
or criminals claiming credit for attacks. There is no indication that this includes Europol trawling through things like WHOIS records to identify the administrator of a website, something far less sinister. And if the RDS evolves into something very different
from what it is today – perhaps not open to any and everyone to query, or federated into a single data store – my understanding is that the routing of information from a private party to Europol would be subject to European data protection controls and safeguards.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif""><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"">The very specific exemptions that Europol has received in order to carry out its work simply do not call for Europol to advocate for a lower standard of privacy protection for European residents
in privately-owned or publicly-accessible sources of information.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif""><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"">There is no doubt that effective police work requires top intelligence, but equally as important is the employment of sound data protection safeguards which strike an appropriate balance
between the interests of freedom and security.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif""><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"">Just my $0.02.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif""><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"">- Ayden<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p><o:p> </o:p></p>
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<p><o:p> </o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">On Thu, Aug 4, 2016 1:59 PM, wrote:<o:p></o:p></p>
<p>Dear Rob, <o:p></o:p></p>
<p><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p>Thanks for sharing the outcome of your chat with ex-FBI and UK LEA agents. I feel that I need to step in to provide a different perspective than the one you just gave on the law enforcement use of the WHOIS. It might be a matter of interpretation but the
views expressed by your interlocutors are not shared by my colleagues working throughout European police cyber divisions.
<o:p></o:p></p>
<p><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p>If European cyber investigators are obviously all aware of the fact that WHOIS registration data can sometime be inaccurate and not up-to-date (ICANN compliance reported that for the first quarter of 2015, WHOIS inaccuracy comprised 74.0 % of complaints),
in 90% of cases they will start their investigations with a WHOIS lookup. This is really the first step.
<o:p></o:p></p>
<p><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p>Despite the lack of accuracy, WHOIS information is useful in so many different ways. One of the first them is to make correlations and link pieces of information obtained through other means than from the WHOIS. This was the point I tried to make on Tuesday
during the conference call. <o:p></o:p></p>
<p><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p>Accurate and reliable WHOIS data helps crime attribution and can save precious investigation time (you can rule out wrong investigative leads).
<o:p></o:p></p>
<p>It raises the bar and makes it more difficult for criminals to abuse domain names. It pushes them to resort to more complex techniques such as ID theft to register domains for malicious purposes.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p>In short, for LEA WHOIS is certainly not the silver bullet to attribute crime on line but it is an essential tool in the tool box of law enforcement.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p>Best, <o:p></o:p></p>
<p><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p>Greg<o:p></o:p></p>
<p><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p>-----Original Message-----<o:p></o:p></p>
<p>From: <a href="mailto:gnso-rds-pdp-wg-bounces@icann.org">gnso-rds-pdp-wg-bounces@icann.org</a> [<a href="mailto:gnso-rds-pdp-wg-bounces@icann.org">mailto:gnso-rds-pdp-wg-bounces@icann.org</a>] On Behalf Of Rob Golding<o:p></o:p></p>
<p>Sent: 04 August 2016 01:46<o:p></o:p></p>
<p>To: RDS PDP WG<o:p></o:p></p>
<p>Subject: Re: [gnso-rds-pdp-wg] Use cases: Fundamental, Incidental, and Theoretical<o:p></o:p></p>
<p><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p>>> Theoretical<o:p></o:p></p>
<p>>> ===========<o:p></o:p></p>
<p>>> We have seen a couple of proposed use cases that seem to be ideas <o:p></o:p></p>
<p>>> that people have for useful or harmful ways that RDS can be used, but <o:p>
</o:p></p>
<p>>> that do not exist today (at least not that anyone can fully <o:p></o:p></p>
<p>>> document).<o:p></o:p></p>
<p>>> <o:p></o:p></p>
<p>>> For example, there seems to be a desire to use the RDS as a way to <o:p></o:p></p>
<p>>> issue warrants for information about registrants. While this may be <o:p></o:p></p>
<p>>> useful, this is not possible today (even with RDAP, I note).<o:p></o:p></p>
<p><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p>It not only is possible today, it's also "common" (although thankfully not frequent)<o:p></o:p></p>
<p><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p>Registrars get served warrants for details about registrants, and the _only_ information from WHOIS that's "needed" or used for such cases is the name of the Registrar.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p>I had the pleasure of meeting Chris Tarbell, ex-FBI Cyber Crime, at HostingCon last week - asked about WHOIS/domain data he said "we dont use it"<o:p></o:p></p>
<p><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p>Last year at the UKNOF event in Sheffield I spent quite some time talking with some amazing people from the UK CyberCrime departments - asked the same questions, they confirmed that although whois _might_ be looked at to see if it matches _data they already
have_ for confirmation, it's not used or relied on.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p>Which beggars the question, should "LawEnforcement" use cases even be part of the discussions ?<o:p></o:p></p>
<p><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p>Rob<o:p></o:p></p>
<p>--<o:p></o:p></p>
<p>Rob Golding <a href="mailto:rob.golding@astutium.com">rob.golding@astutium.com</a><o:p></o:p></p>
<p>Astutium Ltd, Number One Poultry, London. EC2R 8JR<o:p></o:p></p>
<p><o:p> </o:p></p>
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<p><a href="https://mm.icann.org/mailman/listinfo/gnso-rds-pdp-wg">https://mm.icann.org/mailman/listinfo/gnso-rds-pdp-wg</a><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:12.0pt"><o:p> </o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">Ayden Férdeline<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><a href="https://community.icann.org/display/gnsosoi/Ayden+Férdeline+SOI"><span style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";background:white">Statement of Interest</span></a><o:p></o:p></p>
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