<html xmlns:v="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:vml" xmlns:o="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" xmlns:w="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:word" xmlns:m="http://schemas.microsoft.com/office/2004/12/omml" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40">
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=us-ascii">
<meta name="Generator" content="Microsoft Word 14 (filtered medium)">
<!--[if !mso]><style>v\:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);}
o\:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);}
w\:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);}
.shape {behavior:url(#default#VML);}
</style><![endif]--><style><!--
/* Font Definitions */
@font-face
{font-family:Helvetica;
panose-1:2 11 6 4 2 2 2 2 2 4;}
@font-face
{font-family:Helvetica;
panose-1:2 11 6 4 2 2 2 2 2 4;}
@font-face
{font-family:Calibri;
panose-1:2 15 5 2 2 2 4 3 2 4;}
@font-face
{font-family:Tahoma;
panose-1:2 11 6 4 3 5 4 4 2 4;}
@font-face
{font-family:"Lucida Grande";
panose-1:0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0;}
/* Style Definitions */
p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal
{margin:0in;
margin-bottom:.0001pt;
font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";}
a:link, span.MsoHyperlink
{mso-style-priority:99;
color:blue;
text-decoration:underline;}
a:visited, span.MsoHyperlinkFollowed
{mso-style-priority:99;
color:purple;
text-decoration:underline;}
p
{mso-style-priority:99;
mso-margin-top-alt:auto;
margin-right:0in;
mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
margin-left:0in;
font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";}
p.MsoAcetate, li.MsoAcetate, div.MsoAcetate
{mso-style-priority:99;
mso-style-link:"Balloon Text Char";
margin:0in;
margin-bottom:.0001pt;
font-size:8.0pt;
font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";}
span.apple-tab-span
{mso-style-name:apple-tab-span;}
span.BalloonTextChar
{mso-style-name:"Balloon Text Char";
mso-style-priority:99;
mso-style-link:"Balloon Text";
font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";}
span.EmailStyle21
{mso-style-type:personal;
font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D;}
span.EmailStyle22
{mso-style-type:personal-reply;
font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D;}
span.apple-converted-space
{mso-style-name:apple-converted-space;}
span.cosearchterm
{mso-style-name:co_searchterm;}
.MsoChpDefault
{mso-style-type:export-only;
font-size:10.0pt;}
@page WordSection1
{size:8.5in 11.0in;
margin:1.0in 1.0in 1.0in 1.0in;}
div.WordSection1
{page:WordSection1;}
--></style><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:shapedefaults v:ext="edit" spidmax="1026" />
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:shapelayout v:ext="edit">
<o:idmap v:ext="edit" data="1" />
</o:shapelayout></xml><![endif]-->
</head>
<body lang="EN-US" link="blue" vlink="purple">
<div class="WordSection1">
<p class="MsoNormal"><a name="_MailEndCompose"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">J. Scott, I don’t believe my statement holds up US First Amendment law as the standard; let me say again that freedom of speech, not
the First Amendment, is an internationally recognized value, and that criticism of private businesses is generally part of freedom of speech. FWIW, I don’t recognize Wikipedia as authoritative either, though the entry actually provides helpful external links
if you peruse it.<o:p></o:p></span></a></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">Further resources on comparative freedom of speech regimes include the very helpful overview at
</span><a href="http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1633231"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"">http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1633231</span></a><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">
and the many sources cited therein (if any nonlawyers lack access to the cited works, I may be able to help), as well as Ronald
</span><a href="https://1.next.westlaw.com/Document/I7cb6ccefefd311e498db8b09b4f043e0/View/FullText.html?navigationPath=Search%2Fv3%2Fsearch%2Fresults%2Fnavigation%2Fi0ad6040a00000157720fabec289f3264%3FNav%3DANALYTICAL%26fragmentIdentifier%3DI7cb6ccefefd311e498db8b09b4f043e0%26startIndex%3D1%26contextData%3D%2528sc.Search%2529%26transitionType%3DSearchItem&listSource=Search&listPageSource=3b36d775a69aec3c8b89adc711488adc&list=ANALYTICAL&rank=8&grading=na&sessionScopeId=974384ae4bca6a686949f50a8f8ca2525f0f068a2ff02f65c47cc9b4335d4752&originationContext=Search%20Result&transitionType=SearchItem&contextData=%28sc.Search%29#co_term_19621"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#660066;background:white">Krotoszynski,
Jr., The First Amendment in Cross-Cultural Perspective:</span></a> A Comparative Legal Analysis of the Freedom of Speech (2006).<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">Also, many jurisdictions don’t use the terminology of “fair use,” but as far as I am aware very few consider all criticism, or all unauthorized use of a term,
infringing; indeed, it would perhaps be helpful, especially for the nonlawyers in the group, to see the citations on which you are basing your legal statements about the scope of trademark or speech rights outside the US.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">Finally, the problem we are facing is that there is no neutral baseline here, and we have already adopted substantial protections for trademark rights claimants
who have any recognized rights in <i>any</i> relevant jurisdiction; we should recognize the variety of freedom of speech interests the same as we recognize the variety of trademark rights. As Kathy noted on the call, a significant number of the relevant marks
are generic for at least some things and not universally famous, which increases the breadth of rights protections far beyond actual rights.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">Rebecca Tushnet<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">Georgetown Law<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">703 593 6759<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<div>
<div style="border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in 0in 0in">
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"">From:</span></b><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif""> J. Scott Evans [mailto:jsevans@adobe.com]
<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Wednesday, September 28, 2016 2:20 PM<br>
<b>To:</b> Rebecca Tushnet<br>
<b>Cc:</b> gnso-rpm-wg@icann.org<br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: [gnso-rpm-wg] "free speech"<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black">Rebecca:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black">Thanks for weighing in here. First, I do not use Wikipedia as a definitive source for anything related to the law. It is interesting reading and may require that
I go to more definitive sources to verify, but I do not put much stock in it as the absolute “truth” on any subject. Second, many countries have almost an exact replica of the US Constitution, but don’t recognize the provision related to free speech. Likewise,
many jurisdictions do not recognize the concept of “fair use.” My only point our call was that there are many non-lawyers participating. I think many time views are put forth on our calls that could be seen as misleading. It is one thing to hold the US concept
of free speech up as the standard bearer that we should aspire to in our work (I could also argue that US concept of IP protection should also be held up as an appropriate standard). However, in my experiences at ICANN since we originally drafted, it has constantly
been pointed out that we SHOULD NOT apply US-like trademark protections to the ICANN RPMs since different jurisdictions view trademarks differently. I can theoretically see the rationale behind this argument. Unfortunately for me, however, I fail to see how
the concept of US free speech should be universally applied, but US-like trademark protections should not. I think that is intellectually inconsistent. As for the UN’s Universal Declaration of Human Rights and its signatories, I think the same position could
be taken with regard to the Paris Convention and its signatories. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black">J. Scott<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt"><b><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif";color:#7F7F7F">J. Scott Evans</span></b><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#7F7F7F"> </span><b><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif";color:#7F7F7F">| Associate
General Counsel - Trademarks, Copyright, Domains & Marketing</span></b><b><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#7F7F7F"> </span></b><b><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif";color:#7F7F7F">|</span></b><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt"><b><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif";color:red">Adobe </span></b><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif";color:#7F7F7F">345 Park Avenue</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif";color:#7F7F7F">San Jose, CA 95110<br>
408.536.5336 (tel), 408.709.6162 (cell)<br>
<a href="mailto:jsevans@adobe.com"><span style="color:#954F72">jsevans@adobe.com</span></a></span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif";color:#7F7F7F"><a href="http://www.adobe.com">www.adobe.com</a></span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
</div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div style="border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in 0in 0in">
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Lucida Grande","serif";color:black">From:
</span></b><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Lucida Grande","serif";color:black"><<a href="mailto:gnso-rpm-wg-bounces@icann.org">gnso-rpm-wg-bounces@icann.org</a>> on behalf of Rebecca Tushnet <<a href="mailto:rlt26@law.georgetown.edu">rlt26@law.georgetown.edu</a>><br>
<b>Date: </b>Wednesday, September 28, 2016 at 10:34 AM<br>
<b>Cc: </b>"<a href="mailto:gnso-rpm-wg@icann.org">gnso-rpm-wg@icann.org</a>" <<a href="mailto:gnso-rpm-wg@icann.org">gnso-rpm-wg@icann.org</a>><br>
<b>Subject: </b>[gnso-rpm-wg] "free speech"<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">Just to correct a misstatement on the call earlier: Most nations don’t have a US-style First Amendment. Most nations with a rule of law do, however, recognize
freedom of speech in some form, including the right to criticize private companies. As this Wikipedia entry notes,
</span><span style="color:black"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freedom_of_speech_by_country"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freedom_of_speech_by_country</span></a></span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">,
implementation can be inconsistent on the ground, but I expect that inconsistent enforcement of trademark rights on the ground doesn’t mean that trademark owners want ICANN to ignore the law on the books; freedom of speech is equally a principle worth honoring.
In addition, I don’t know how many countries whose nationals participate in the ICANN process have signed on to the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, which includes freedom of speech,
</span><span style="color:black"><a href="http://www.un.org/en/universal-declaration-human-rights/"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"">http://www.un.org/en/universal-declaration-human-rights/</span></a></span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">,
but I doubt we want to make policy based on the countries that don’t recognize any freedom of speech at all.</span><span style="color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"> </span><span style="color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">Also, you can’t have it both ways: if domain names can facilitate infringement, which they absolutely can, then they convey meaning; if they convey meaning,
they can also facilitate noninfringing conduct or affirmatively protected freedom of speech. It is just as true, or untrue, that a trademark owner can register a different string if it can’t have the one that it wants as it is that a person making fair or
otherwise noninfringing use can do so. This is especially so if we’ve given trademark owners the ability to jump the line in many circumstances. Freedom of speech principles may help tell us when preclusion of a domain name to a speaker—whether a trademark
owner or a non-owner—is of particular importance. That is, they can help us identify the important false positives (notifications generated in response to domain names that wouldn’t infringe).</span><span style="color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"> </span><span style="color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">Rebecca Tushnet</span><span style="color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">Georgetown Law</span><span style="color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">703 593 6759</span><span style="color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<blockquote style="border:none;border-left:solid #B5C4DF 4.5pt;padding:0in 0in 0in 4.0pt;margin-left:3.75pt;margin-top:5.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:5.0pt">
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black"> </span><span style="color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
</blockquote>
</div>
</div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<div class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black">
<hr size="3" width="100%" align="center">
</span></div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:gray"><br>
<ACL></span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
</body>
</html>