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<p>I don't even see the small sample size as the biggest issue. The
biggest issue is how the report draws conclusions from the data
that was provided that are not borne out by reality, for example
when averages of spending or registrations are presented as
generally applicable. <br>
</p>
<br>
<div class="moz-cite-prefix">Am 01.09.2017 um 11:48 schrieb Paul
Keating:<br>
</div>
<blockquote type="cite"
cite="mid:696832DD-91DA-4803-A4D5-DB9AEC406037@law.es">
<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
<div>Jonathan,</div>
<div id="AppleMailSignature"><br>
</div>
<div id="AppleMailSignature">While i can appreciate your
enthusiasm, the goal is to move beyond individual opinion and
attempt to locate fact based evidence. The INTA survey would
fail any criteria taught in the most basic statistics class.
The margin or error is so large as to render the study
conclusions meaningless. It is all the more dangerous given it
having been issued by "INTA". <span style="background-color:
rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);"> If it had been issued by any other
entity i am sure you would have laughed it out of the room</span><br>
<br>
Sent from my iPad</div>
<div><br>
On 1 Sep 2017, at 09:54, jonathan matkowsky <<a
href="mailto:jonathan.matkowsky@riskiq.net"
moz-do-not-send="true">jonathan.matkowsky@riskiq.net</a>>
wrote:<br>
<br>
</div>
<blockquote type="cite">
<div>
<div>
<div dir="auto">George, </div>
<div dir="auto"><br>
</div>
<div dir="auto">This is not a tribunal subject to US federal
law under the Latham Act or any other statute for that
matter. The survey here speaks for itself and was very
useful from our perspective. </div>
<div dir="auto"><br>
</div>
<div dir="auto">Personally I wish we as an INTA member could
have participated, but our opinion would have been
consistent with what I saw to be the majority of those
surveyed. </div>
<div dir="auto"><br>
</div>
<div dir="auto">Jonathan Matkowsky, VP - IP & Brand
Security </div>
<div dir="auto">RiskIQ, Inc.</div>
<br>
<div class="gmail_quote">
<div>On Thu, Aug 31, 2017 at 3:30 AM George Kirikos <<a
href="mailto:icann@leap.com" moz-do-not-send="true">icann@leap.com</a>>
wrote:<br>
</div>
<blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0
.8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex">Hi
folks,<br>
<br>
Before I went to bed, I made a note to myself to do a
quick search to<br>
see what TM practitioners would do in their TTAB
statistical studies.<br>
This morning, one of the first hits I found came from
INTA's own<br>
website, see below. In particular, note the statements
(from footnote<br>
147):<br>
<br>
(a) "characterizing 62 interviews as “anecdotal
evidence” that did not<br>
lend themselves to statistical conclusions"<br>
<br>
(b) "finding 57 respondents raised a question “as to the
overall<br>
validity of the survey results"<br>
<br>
The INTA survey sample size of 33 is far below even
those two<br>
examples, and was closest to the next example:<br>
<br>
(c) "finding a survey of 25 pharmacists and doctors to
be an<br>
insufficient sampling"<br>
<br>
(start of excerpt, sorry for the formatting, footnotes
are #144 to<br>
#147; easier to read the PDF I link to)<br>
<br>
The Trademark Reporter (The Law Journal of the
International Trademark<br>
Association), September-October, 2014.<br>
<br>
<a
href="https://www.inta.org/TMR/Documents/Volume%20104/vol104_no5_a5.pdf"
rel="noreferrer" target="_blank"
moz-do-not-send="true">https://www.inta.org/TMR/Documents/Volume%20104/vol104_no5_a5.pdf</a><br>
<br>
C. Representative Samples (page number 1172)<br>
<br>
Probability and nonprobability methods may be<br>
used to select the sample from the universe of possible
respondents.<br>
However, if the sample of respondents is not
representative of the<br>
universe from which it was selected, it will be accorded
little<br>
weight.144 The number of respondents sampled must be
large enough for<br>
the results to be reliable. The overall sample size for
a survey will<br>
depend on the number of disputed marks tested and
whether the survey<br>
includes any control groups. Surveys in Board
proceedings often<br>
interview between 100 and 300 respondents about each
mark or stimulus<br>
examined.145 In some instances, the Board has considered
survey<br>
samples with fewer than 200 respondents to be small,146
and samples<br>
with fewer than 100 respondents routinely have been
disfavored.147<br>
<br>
And here are the footnotes:<br>
<br>
144. iMedica Corp. v. Medica Health Plans, 2007 WL
1697344, at *5<br>
(T.T.A.B. June 7, 2007) (“We also find that the survey
results are<br>
questionable because the survey did not fairly sample
the universe of<br>
possible respondents and is biased in MHP’s favor.”) and
Am. Home<br>
Prods. Corp. v. B.F. Ascher & Co., Inc., 166
U.S.P.Q. 61 (T.T.A.B.<br>
1970) (“[T]he persons to be interviewed were not chosen
on the basis<br>
of a sampling technique but solely because they were
known to opposer<br>
. . .”), aff’d, 473 F.2d 903 (C.C.P.A. 1973).<br>
<br>
<br>
145. Facebook, Inc. v.<br>
Think Computer Corp., 2013 WL 4397052, at *14 (T.T.A.B.
July 23, 2013)<br>
(“Dr. Ford supervised . . . interviews: 270 in the test
cell and 272<br>
in the control cell.”); PepsiCo, Inc. v. Pirincci, 2012
WL 2930650, at<br>
*7 (T.T.A.B. June 25, 2012) (“In total, 404 consumers
participated in<br>
the survey . . . with 200 consumers participating in one
of two ‘test<br>
cells’ and 204 consumers in one of two ‘control cells .
. .’”); Sara<br>
Lee Corp. v. Mahmoud, 2007 WL 4663353, at *5 (T.T.A.B.
Dec. 27, 2007)<br>
(“[S]urvey respondents in the test group (199 women age
18 and older<br>
from around the country) were shown a stimulus card . .
.”); AVA<br>
Enters. Trading Co., Inc. v. Audio Boss USA, Inc., 77
U.S.P.Q.2d 1783,<br>
1786 (T.T.A.B. 2006) (“A test group of 100 respondents
[was] shown a<br>
card. . . . A control group of 100 respondents [was]
shown a card . .<br>
.”). Note, the test group may include more respondents
than the<br>
control group. See Anheuser-Busch, Inc. v. Mambo Seafood
#1, Inc.,<br>
2008 WL 4674603, at *7 (T.T.A.B. Sept. 22, 2008) (“The
survey was<br>
taken of 296 individuals, 200 of whom were exposed to
applicant’s mark<br>
with the remaining 96 persons comprising a control group
that was<br>
exposed to the fictitious mark . . .”).<br>
<br>
146. 7-Eleven, Inc. v.<br>
Morrison, 2008 WL 2385970, at *13 (T.T.A.B. June 2,
2008) (finding 162<br>
survey respondents to be “small,” but according
opposer’s survey some<br>
weight); Kohler Co. v. Kohler Homes, 2008 WL 4877069, at
*9 (T.T.A.B.<br>
Nov. 4, 2008) (“[T]he number of actual respondents to
the KOHLER HOMES<br>
and KOHLER ASSOCIATES ARCHITECTS surveys is small, i.e.,
164 and 163,<br>
respectively.”).<br>
<br>
<br>
147. Clear Choice Holdings LLC v. Implant Direct<br>
Int’l, 2013 WL 5402082, at *8 (T.T.A.B. Aug. 26, 2013)
(finding 90<br>
respondents for each mark tested to be “a small
number”);<br>
Bridgestone/Firestone N. Am. Tire, LLC v. Silverstone
Berhad, 2003 WL<br>
1559659, at *4 (T.T.A.B. Mar. 2003) (characterizing 62
interviews as<br>
“anecdotal evidence” that did not lend themselves to
statistical<br>
conclusions); iMedica Corp. v. Medica Health Plans, 2007
WL 1697344,<br>
at *4-*5 (T.T.A.B. June 7, 2007) (finding 57 respondents
raised a<br>
question “as to the overall validity of the survey
results”); Am. Home<br>
Prods. Corp. v. B.F. Ascher & Co., Inc., 166
U.S.P.Q. 61, 62 (T.T.A.B.<br>
1970) (finding a survey of 25 pharmacists and doctors to
be an<br>
insufficient sampling), aff’d, 473 F.2d 903 (C.C.P.A.
1973); Guardian<br>
Life Ins. Co. v. England, 2002 WL 31173415, at *3
(T.T.A.B. Sept.<br>
2002) (finding it inappropriate to draw conclusions
based on a survey<br>
with only three respondents).<br>
<br>
(end of excerpt)<br>
<br>
Of course, the above focused on sample size, but let's
not forget the<br>
other part, about the non-representative nature of
sample. Re-read the<br>
part above that said:<br>
<br>
"However, if the sample of respondents is not
representative of the<br>
universe from which it was selected, it will be accorded
little<br>
weight"<br>
<br>
That's exactly the second problem experienced with this
INTA survey,<br>
as previously discussed.<br>
<br>
Q.E.D.<br>
<br>
Have a nice day.<br>
<br>
Sincerely,<br>
<br>
George Kirikos<br>
416-588-0269<br>
<a href="http://www.leap.com/" rel="noreferrer"
target="_blank" moz-do-not-send="true">http://www.leap.com/</a><br>
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<div dir="ltr">-- <br>
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<div class="gmail_signature" data-smartmail="gmail_signature">Jonathan
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