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</o:shapelayout></xml><![endif]--></head><body lang=EN-US link=blue vlink=purple><div class=WordSection1><p class=MsoNormal>Thank you Dr. Lehal for such an elaborate analysis and feedback. <o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal>The analysis shows that the label level rules proposed for the Gurmukhi script are working as intended. <o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal>We will pass this feedback to the integration panel.<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal>Regards,<br>Sarmad<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><b>From:</b> Dr. G. S. Lehal (<span lang=PA style='font-family:"Raavi",sans-serif'>ਗੁਰਪ੍ਰੀਤ ਸਿੰਘ ਲਹਿਲ) [</span>mailto:gslehal@gmail.com] <br><b>Sent:</b> Saturday, May 12, 2018 1:18 AM<br><b>To:</b> Sarmad Hussain <sarmad.hussain@icann.org>; Dr. AJAY D A T A <ajay@data.in><br><b>Cc:</b> neo brahmi <neobrahmigp@icann.org>; Pitinan Kooarmornpatana <pitinan.koo@icann.org><br><b>Subject:</b> [Ext] Re: FW: Corpus review for punjabi<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><div><p class=MsoNormal>Hello all,<o:p></o:p></p><div><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:106%'><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:106%;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;background:white'>I had a detailed look at the invalid labels for the rule <span style='color:#222222'>(Follows-only-C-N-or-specific-V-or-M-and-precedes-only-C3-or-specific-CN) </span>. This rule corresponds to wrong usage of Gurmukhi addak </span><span lang=PA style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:106%;font-family:"Raavi",sans-serif'>ੱ</span><span lang=PA style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:106%;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;background:white'> </span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:106%;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;background:white'>(0A71). The main reasons for these invalid labels, I observed are:</span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=gmail-msolistparagraph style='mso-margin-top-alt:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:.5in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:106%'><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:106%;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'>1.</span><span style='font-size:7.0pt;line-height:106%;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'> </span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:106%;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;background:white'>Typing mistake</span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=gmail-msolistparagraph style='mso-margin-top-alt:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:.5in;line-height:106%'><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:106%;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'>2.</span><span style='font-size:7.0pt;line-height:106%;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'> </span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:106%;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;background:white'>Typist not sure about where to use addak and where not to use it according to Gurmukhi script rules. Actually many Punjabi users are confused about it, which results in wrong labels being generated.</span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:106%'><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:106%;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'>The main typing mistakes I observed in the corpus are:</span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=gmail-msolistparagraph style='mso-margin-top-alt:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:.5in;line-height:106%'><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:106%;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'>1.</span><span style='font-size:7.0pt;line-height:106%;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'> </span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:106%;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'>Two consective addaks (Not allowed in Gurmukhi script) </span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:.5in;line-height:106%'><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:106%;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'>Example </span><span lang=PA style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:106%;font-family:"Raavi",sans-serif'>ਉੱੱਚ</span><span lang=PA style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:106%;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'></span><span lang=PA style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:106%;font-family:"Raavi",sans-serif'> (</span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:106%;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'>0A09 0A71 0A71 0A1A), <span lang=AR-SA></span></span><span lang=PA style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:106%;font-family:"Raavi",sans-serif'>ਉਪਲੱੱਬਧ</span><span lang=PA style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:106%;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'></span><span lang=PA style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:106%;font-family:"Raavi",sans-serif'> (</span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:106%;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'>0A09 0A2A 0A32 0A71 0A71 0A2C 0A27) <span lang=AR-SA></span></span><span lang=PA style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:106%;font-family:"Raavi",sans-serif'>ਅੱੱਡਾ</span><span lang=PA style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:106%;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'></span><span lang=PA style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:106%;font-family:"Raavi",sans-serif'> (</span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:106%;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'>0A05 0A71 0A71 0A21 0A3E)</span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=gmail-msolistparagraph style='mso-margin-top-alt:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:.5in;line-height:106%'><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:106%;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'>2.</span><span style='font-size:7.0pt;line-height:106%;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'> </span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:106%;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'>Swapping addak with preceding matra. Examples </span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:.5in;line-height:106%'><span lang=PA style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:106%;font-family:"Raavi",sans-serif'>ਚੱੈਸ</span><span lang=PA style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:106%;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'></span><span lang=PA style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:106%;font-family:"Raavi",sans-serif'> (</span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:106%;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'>0A1A 0A71 0A48 0A38)</span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:.5in;line-height:106%'><span lang=AR-SA style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:106%;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'></span><span lang=PA style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:106%;font-family:"Raavi",sans-serif'>ਪ੍ਰੱੈਸ</span><span lang=PA style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:106%;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'></span><span lang=PA style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:106%;font-family:"Raavi",sans-serif'> (</span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:106%;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'>0A2A 0A4D 0A30 0A71 0A48 0A38)</span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=gmail-msolistparagraph style='mso-margin-top-alt:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:.5in;line-height:106%'><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:106%;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'>3.</span><span style='font-size:7.0pt;line-height:106%;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'> </span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:106%;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'>Putting addak at end of a word (does not make sense as addak used to geminate sound of following consonant). Two such examples in corpus are: <span lang=AR-SA></span></span><span lang=PA style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:106%;font-family:"Raavi",sans-serif'>ਉੱ</span><span lang=PA style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:106%;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'></span><span lang=PA style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:106%;font-family:"Raavi",sans-serif'> (</span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:106%;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'>0A09 0A71) and <span lang=AR-SA></span></span><span lang=PA style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:106%;font-family:"Raavi",sans-serif'>ਉਪਲੱ</span><span lang=PA style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:106%;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'></span><span lang=PA style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:106%;font-family:"Raavi",sans-serif'> (</span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:106%;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'>0A09 0A2A 0A32 0A71)</span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:106%'><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:106%;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'>The mistakes related to usage of addak, which I observed in the corpus are:</span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=gmail-msolistparagraph style='mso-margin-top-alt:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:.5in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:106%'><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:106%;font-family:"Raavi",sans-serif'>1.</span><span style='font-size:7.0pt;line-height:106%;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'> </span><span lang=AR-SA style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:106%;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'> </span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:106%;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'>Wrong usage of addak (Many typists are not aware where to put addak and where not to put it. They have put addak after any short vowel without knowing if the following consonant can be geminated. Some such example found in corpus are <span lang=AR-SA></span></span><span lang=PA style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:106%;font-family:"Raavi",sans-serif'>ਉਜੱੜ</span><span lang=PA style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:106%;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'></span><span lang=PA style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:106%;font-family:"Raavi",sans-serif'> (</span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:106%;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'>0A09 0A1C 0A71 0A5C), <span lang=AR-SA></span></span><span lang=PA style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:106%;font-family:"Raavi",sans-serif'>ਉਡੱਣ</span><span lang=PA style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:106%;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'></span><span lang=PA style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:106%;font-family:"Raavi",sans-serif'> (</span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:106%;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'>0A09 0A21 0A71 0A23) and <span lang=AR-SA></span></span><span lang=PA style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:106%;font-family:"Raavi",sans-serif'>ਉਪਲੱਹਧ</span><span lang=PA style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:106%;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'></span><span lang=PA style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:106%;font-family:"Raavi",sans-serif'> (</span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:106%;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'>0A09 0A2A 0A32 0A71 0A39 0A27)</span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=gmail-msolistparagraph style='mso-margin-top-alt:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:.5in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:106%'><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:106%;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'>2.</span><span style='font-size:7.0pt;line-height:106%;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'> </span><span lang=AR-SA style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:106%;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'></span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:106%;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'>Addak followed by a long vowel : According to Gurmukhi rules, addak has to be followed by a specific set of consonants only and NOT with any vowel. But there are few instances where it was followed by long vowel </span><span lang=PA style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:106%;font-family:"Raavi",sans-serif'>ਈ</span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:106%;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'> (0A08) </span><span lang=PA style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:106%;font-family:"Raavi",sans-serif'>ਆ</span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:106%;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'> (0A06) making it an invalid label in the corpus. Some examples are: </span><span lang=PA style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:106%;font-family:"Raavi",sans-serif'>ਉਸਰੱਈਏ</span><span lang=PA style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:106%;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'></span><span lang=PA style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:106%;font-family:"Raavi",sans-serif'> (</span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:106%;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'>0A09 0A38 0A30 0A71 0A08 0A0F). <span lang=AR-SA></span></span><span lang=PA style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:106%;font-family:"Raavi",sans-serif'>ਉਰੱਈ</span><span lang=PA style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:106%;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'></span><span lang=PA style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:106%;font-family:"Raavi",sans-serif'> (</span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:106%;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'>0A09 0A30 0A71 0A08) and</span><span dir=RTL></span><span dir=RTL></span><span dir=RTL style='font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'><span dir=RTL></span><span dir=RTL></span> </span><span dir=LTR></span><span dir=LTR></span><span lang=AR-SA style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:106%;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'><span dir=LTR></span><span dir=LTR></span></span><span lang=PA style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:106%;font-family:"Raavi",sans-serif'>ਅਤਿੱਆਚਾਰ</span><span lang=PA style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:106%;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'></span><span lang=PA style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:106%;font-family:"Raavi",sans-serif'> (</span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:106%;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'>0A05 0A24 0A3F 0A71 0A06 0A1A 0A3E 0A30)</span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=gmail-msolistparagraph style='mso-margin-top-alt:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:.5in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:106%'><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:106%;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'>3.</span><span style='font-size:7.0pt;line-height:106%;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'> </span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:106%;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'>Writing Addak after a long vowel. Addak is not allowed to be written after most of the long vowels, but many typists who are not fluent in Punjabi, place it after such vowels resulting in generation of invalid labels. Two examples from the corpus are : </span><span lang=PA style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:106%;font-family:"Raavi",sans-serif'>ਊੱਠਣੀ</span><span lang=PA style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:106%;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'></span><span lang=PA style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:106%;font-family:"Raavi",sans-serif'> (</span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:106%;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'>0A0A 0A71 0A20 0A23 0A40) and </span><span lang=PA style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:106%;font-family:"Raavi",sans-serif'>ਓੱਪੋ</span><span lang=PA style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:106%;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'></span><span lang=PA style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:106%;font-family:"Raavi",sans-serif'> (</span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:106%;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'>0A13 0A71 0A2A 0A4B)</span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=gmail-msolistparagraph style='mso-margin-top-alt:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:.5in;line-height:106%'><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:106%;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'>4.</span><span style='font-size:7.0pt;line-height:106%;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'> </span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:106%;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'>Addak followed by matra kanna </span> <span lang=PA style='font-family:"Raavi",sans-serif'>ਾ</span> (0A3E).<span dir=RTL></span><span dir=RTL></span><span dir=RTL style='font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'><span dir=RTL></span><span dir=RTL></span> </span><span dir=LTR></span><span dir=LTR></span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:106%;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'><span dir=LTR></span><span dir=LTR></span> (This is invalid according to Gurmukhi rules but a similar pattern exists in Devanagri for writing English words in Devanagri. So if a person fluent in Hindi writes in Gurmukhi, he may use this combination) Many English words I found in the corpus were written in this way in Gurmukhi. A few examples are: <span lang=AR-SA></span></span><span lang=PA style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:106%;font-family:"Raavi",sans-serif'>ਅਨਲਾੱਕ</span><span lang=PA style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:106%;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'></span><span lang=PA style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:106%;font-family:"Raavi",sans-serif'> (</span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:106%;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'>0A05 0A28 0A32 0A3E 0A71 0A15) <span lang=AR-SA></span></span><span lang=PA style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:106%;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'></span><span lang=PA style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:106%;font-family:"Raavi",sans-serif'>ਅਲਾੱਟਮੈਂਟ</span><span lang=PA style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:106%;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'></span><span lang=PA style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:106%;font-family:"Raavi",sans-serif'> (0</span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:106%;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'>A</span><span lang=PA style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:106%;font-family:"Raavi",sans-serif'>05 0</span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:106%;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'>A</span><span lang=PA style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:106%;font-family:"Raavi",sans-serif'>32 0</span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:106%;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'>A</span><span lang=PA style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:106%;font-family:"Raavi",sans-serif'>3</span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:106%;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'>E A</span><span lang=PA style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:106%;font-family:"Raavi",sans-serif'>71 0</span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:106%;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'>A</span><span lang=PA style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:106%;font-family:"Raavi",sans-serif'>1</span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:106%;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'>F A</span><span lang=PA style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:106%;font-family:"Raavi",sans-serif'>2</span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:106%;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'>E A</span><span lang=PA style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:106%;font-family:"Raavi",sans-serif'>48 0</span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:106%;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'>A</span><span lang=PA style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:106%;font-family:"Raavi",sans-serif'>02 0</span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:106%;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'>A</span><span lang=PA style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:106%;font-family:"Raavi",sans-serif'>1</span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:106%;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'>F)</span><span dir=RTL></span><span dir=RTL></span><span dir=RTL style='font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'><span dir=RTL></span><span dir=RTL></span> </span><span dir=LTR></span><span dir=LTR></span><span lang=PA style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:106%;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'><span dir=LTR></span><span dir=LTR></span></span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:106%;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>and </span><span lang=PA style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:106%;font-family:"Raavi",sans-serif'>ਕਰਾੱਸ</span><span lang=PA style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:106%;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'></span><span lang=PA style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:106%;font-family:"Raavi",sans-serif'> (</span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:106%;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'>0A15 0A30 0A3E 0A71 0A38)</span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:106%'><span lang=AR-SA style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:106%;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'></span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:106%;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'>All this has resulted in the high number of invalid labels being generated containing addak.</span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:106%'><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:106%;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'>Coming to the rule for the invalid labels corresponding to the rule invalid context (Follows-only-C-or-N), we found that in nearly 70% of the cases, the errors are due to matras getting merged with vowels. The matra </span><span lang=PA style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:106%;font-family:"Raavi",sans-serif'>ੁ</span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:106%;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'> (0A41) was frequently merged with vowel </span><span lang=PA style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:106%;font-family:"Raavi",sans-serif'>ਉ</span><span lang=PA style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:106%;font-family:"Raavi",sans-serif'> </span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:106%;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'>(0A09). While the matra </span><span lang=PA style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:106%;font-family:"Raavi",sans-serif'>ੂ</span><span lang=PA style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:106%;font-family:"Raavi",sans-serif'> </span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:106%;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'>(0A42) was getting merged with vowels </span><span lang=PA style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:106%;font-family:"Raavi",sans-serif'>ਉ</span><span lang=PA style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:106%;font-family:"Raavi",sans-serif'> </span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:106%;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'>(0A09) or </span><span lang=PA style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:106%;font-family:"Raavi",sans-serif'>ਊ</span><span lang=PA style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:106%;font-family:"Raavi",sans-serif'> </span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:106%;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'>(0A0A). The matra </span><span lang=PA style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:106%;font-family:"Raavi",sans-serif'>ੇ</span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:106%;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'> (0A47) got merged with vowels </span><span lang=PA style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:106%;font-family:"Raavi",sans-serif'>ਏ</span><span lang=PA style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:106%;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'></span><span lang=PA style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:106%;font-family:"Raavi",sans-serif'> (</span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:106%;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'>0A0F), </span><span lang=PA style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:106%;font-family:"Raavi",sans-serif'>ਉ</span><span lang=PA style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:106%;font-family:"Raavi",sans-serif'> </span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:106%;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'>(0A09) or </span><span lang=PA style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:106%;font-family:"Raavi",sans-serif'>ਊ</span><span lang=PA style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:106%;font-family:"Raavi",sans-serif'> </span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:106%;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'>(0A0A). An interesting thing to be noted is that visually the shape of the word does not change when these matras gets merged with these specific vowels (Table 1). Fortunately, these WLE rules capture these potential candidates for phishing attacks as visually the words in first column look exactly same as words in corresponding second columns. So we can observe an additional advantage of these WLE rules is that they capture possible phishing attacks. </span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:106%'><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:106%;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'>Table 1 : Words with merged matras<span lang=AR-SA></span></span><o:p></o:p></p><table class=MsoNormalTable border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 style='border-collapse:collapse'><tr><td width=301 valign=top style='width:225.4pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Raavi",sans-serif'>Word with merged matra</span><o:p></o:p></p></td><td width=301 valign=top style='width:225.4pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-left:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Raavi",sans-serif'>Word without merged matra</span><o:p></o:p></p></td></tr><tr><td width=301 valign=top style='width:225.4pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-top:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=PA style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Raavi",sans-serif'>ਉੁਸ</span><span lang=PA style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'></span><span lang=PA style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Raavi",sans-serif'> (</span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'>0A09 0A41 0A38)</span><o:p></o:p></p></td><td width=301 valign=top style='width:225.4pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=PA style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Raavi",sans-serif'>ਉੁਸ</span><span lang=PA style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Raavi",sans-serif'> </span><span lang=PA style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'></span><span lang=PA style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Raavi",sans-serif'> (</span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'>0A09 0A38)</span><o:p></o:p></p></td></tr><tr><td width=301 valign=top style='width:225.4pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-top:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=PA style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Raavi",sans-serif'>ਊੂਧਵ</span><span lang=PA style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Raavi",sans-serif'> (</span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'>0A0A 0A42 0A27 0A35)</span><o:p></o:p></p></td><td width=301 valign=top style='width:225.4pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=PA style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Raavi",sans-serif'>ਊਧਵ</span><span lang=PA style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Raavi",sans-serif'> (</span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'>0A0A 0A27 0A35)</span><o:p></o:p></p></td></tr><tr><td width=301 valign=top style='width:225.4pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-top:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=PA style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Raavi",sans-serif'>ਤੇਂਦੂਏੇ</span><span lang=PA style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'></span><span lang=PA style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Raavi",sans-serif'> (</span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'>0A24 0A47 0A02 0A26 0A42 0A0F 0A47)</span><o:p></o:p></p></td><td width=301 valign=top style='width:225.4pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=PA style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Raavi",sans-serif'>ਤੇਂਦੂਏੇ</span><span lang=PA style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'></span><span lang=PA style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Raavi",sans-serif'> (</span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'>0A24 0A47 0A02 0A26 0A42 0A0F)</span><o:p></o:p></p></td></tr><tr><td width=301 valign=top style='width:225.4pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-top:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'> </span><o:p></o:p></p></td><td width=301 valign=top style='width:225.4pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'> </span><o:p></o:p></p></td></tr></table><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:106%'><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:106%;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'> </span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:106%'><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:106%;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'>Another issue I came across was forming a new vowel+matra combination, </span><span lang=PA style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:106%;font-family:"Raavi",sans-serif'>ਅੋ</span><span lang=PA style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:106%;font-family:"Raavi",sans-serif'> </span><span lang=PA style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:106%;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'></span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:106%;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'> =</span><span lang=PA style='font-family:"Raavi",sans-serif'> </span><span lang=PA style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:106%;font-family:"Raavi",sans-serif'>ਅ</span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:106%;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'> (</span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:106%;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'>0A05)</span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:106%;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>+</span><span lang=PA style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:106%;font-family:"Raavi",sans-serif'> ੋ(</span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:106%;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'>A4B). This is a totally illegal combination, but surprisingly there were many words containing this combination. Example : <span lang=AR-SA></span></span><span lang=PA style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:106%;font-family:"Raavi",sans-serif'>ਮਾਅੋ</span><span lang=PA style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:106%;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'></span><span lang=PA style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:106%;font-family:"Raavi",sans-serif'> (</span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:106%;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'>0A2E 0A3E 0A05 0A4B), <span lang=AR-SA></span></span><span lang=PA style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:106%;font-family:"Raavi",sans-serif'>ਦਿਅੋਗੋ</span><span lang=PA style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:106%;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'></span><span lang=PA style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:106%;font-family:"Raavi",sans-serif'> (</span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:106%;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'>0A26 0A3F 0A05 0A4B 0A17 0A4B) and <span lang=AR-SA></span></span><span lang=PA style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:106%;font-family:"Raavi",sans-serif'>ਪਾਅੋਲੋ</span><span lang=PA style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:106%;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'></span><span lang=PA style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:106%;font-family:"Raavi",sans-serif'> (</span><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:106%;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'>0A2A 0A3E 0A05 0A4B 0A32 0A4B). In real life no one uses this combination.</span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:106%'><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:106%;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif'>In fact many of the invalid labels are very rarely generated in real life and its surprising to see so many such combinations present in the corpus.</span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal>Thanks<o:p></o:p></p></div></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><div><p class=MsoNormal>On Tue, May 8, 2018 at 11:31 PM, Sarmad Hussain <<a href="mailto:sarmad.hussain@icann.org" target="_blank">sarmad.hussain@icann.org</a>> wrote:<o:p></o:p></p><blockquote style='border:none;border-left:solid #CCCCCC 1.0pt;padding:0in 0in 0in 6.0pt;margin-left:4.8pt;margin-right:0in'><div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'>Dear Dr. Lehal, All,<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'> <o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'>Thank you for sharing the updated LGR proposal for Gurmukhi script. Integration panel is currently reviewing it and developing the feedback document. <o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'> <o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'>In the meantime, they have run a corpus of Punjabi in Gurmukhi script with the test results attached and summarized below. In the summary, IP has identified some cases which show invalid labels with a slightly high percentage (in <span style='color:red'>red </span>below). You can review the actual labels in the data file attached, which is marked up accordingly. <o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'> <o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'>The IP would like to share this data and the summary below with the NBGP for the GP to reconfirm that the failing labels should actually fail - and it is not the case that the indicated rules are too restrictive. <o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'> <o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'>We aim to share the IP feedback document next week. Please let us know if you have any questions.<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'> <o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'>Regards,<br>Sarmad<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'> <o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'>=============<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'> <o:p></o:p></p><p><span style='font-family:"Candara",sans-serif'>Corpus: <a href="https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__github.com_unicode-2Dorg_unilex_tree_master_data_frequency&d=DwMDaQ&c=FmY1u3PJp6wrcrwll3mSVzgfkbPSS6sJms7xcl4I5cM&r=KTETvEaGPwPcawI-QmNa-kiv-ZBvdgyyLm-mxd028M4&m=AJsOy7J0b8rICy7w2ks4x8ScEzkwHhaAz9NnbMjvZOc&s=VI9VuAXqLfgAs12WyNhbN7PW4Mi2rjf26DV4G7HrZcw&e=" target="_blank">https://github.com/unicode-org/unilex/tree/master/data/frequency [github.com]</a></span><o:p></o:p></p><p><span style='font-family:"Candara",sans-serif'>Full Test results attached.</span><o:p></o:p></p><p><span style='font-family:"Candara",sans-serif'>A./</span><o:p></o:p></p><p><span style='font-family:"Candara",sans-serif'>SUMMARY</span><o:p></o:p></p><p style='margin-bottom:12.0pt'><span style='font-family:"Candara",sans-serif'> Total Labels processed: 171388 of which<br> valid labels: 163289<br> invalid labels: 7391<br> skipped labels: 708 of which<br> duplicate labels: 21<br> broken labels: 11 <span style='color:#6666CC'><-- rejected by IDN library as not NFC or other malformed</span><br> contain join controls: 287 <span style='color:#6666CC'><-- are these stylistic or orthographic?</span><br> start w/ wrong script: 389 <span style='color:#6666CC'>(contamination)</span></span><o:p></o:p></p><p><span style='font-family:"Candara",sans-serif'>Number of invalid labels by reason:<br> 4742 instances of not in repertoire<br> 173 instances of out-of-repertoire variant<br> 167 instances of invalid context (Follows-only-specific-V-or-M) 0.1%<br> 238 instances of invalid context (Follows-only-C-or-N-and-precedes-only-C2) 0.15%<br> 285 instances of invalid context (Follows-only-C-N-or-specific-V-or-M) 0.17%<br> 61 instances of invalid context (Follows-only-C1)<br> 833 instances of invalid context (Follows-only-C-or-N) <span style='color:red'> 0.5%</span><br> 892 instances of invalid context (Follows-only-C-N-or-specific-V-or-M-and-precedes-only-C3-or-specific-CN) <span style='color:red'>0.6%</span></span><o:p></o:p></p><p><span style='font-family:"Candara",sans-serif;color:red'>** rough indication of percentage; higher percentage failures may indicate either that certain typos are common or that</span><span style='font-family:"Candara",sans-serif'><br><span style='color:red'>** a rule is too restrictive. The following example shows some the contexts detected for one of the rules - for more detail<br>** and actual labels see attached.</span></span><o:p></o:p></p><p> Contexts not matching rule "Follows-only-C-or-N":<br> [:Bindi:] <span style='font-family:"Segoe UI Emoji",sans-serif'>⚓</span>=[:Matra:]<br> [:Matra:] <span style='font-family:"Segoe UI Emoji",sans-serif'>⚓</span>=[:Matra:]<br> [:Tippi:] <span style='font-family:"Segoe UI Emoji",sans-serif'>⚓</span>=[:Matra:]<br> [:Vowel:] <span style='font-family:"Segoe UI Emoji",sans-serif'>⚓</span>=[:Matra:]<br><span style='font-family:"Candara",sans-serif'><br><br><b>Test Label Coverage:</b><br>Repertoire (code points): 56 of 56. {0A02 0A05-0A0A 0A0F-0A10 0A13-0A28 0A2A-0A30 0A32 0A35 0A38-0A39 0A3C 0A3E-0A42 0A47-0A48 0A4B-...}<br>Repertoire not covered: 0 of 56. {}<br>Out of Repertoire: 80. [{0027 002E 0030-003A 0061-0062 0064-0065 0067 0069-006A 006C 0070 0073 0075 0078 00E0 00E2 00ED-00EE 0901-0902 0906-0909 090F 0913 0915-0918 091A-091D 091F-0924 0926-0928 092A 092C-0930 0932 0935-0939 093C 093E-0942 0947-0948 094B 094D <span style='color:red'>0A6B</span> <span style='color:red'>0A72-0A74</span>}] <span style='color:#6633FF'><-- excluded code points highlighted</span></span><o:p></o:p></p><p><span style='font-family:"Candara",sans-serif'>Tag Values: 12 of 12.<br> Addak<br> Bindi<br> C1<br> C2<br> Consonant<br> M1<br> Matra<br> Nukta<br> Tippi<br> V1<br> Virama<br> Vowel<br>Named Classes: 13 of 13.<br> A<br> B<br> C<br> C1<br> C2<br> C3<br> M<br> M1<br> M2<br> N<br> V<br> V1<br> V2</span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span style='font-family:"Candara",sans-serif'>Context Rules matched: 6 of 6.</span><o:p></o:p></p><p><span style='font-family:"Candara",sans-serif'> Follows-only-C-or-N-and-precedes-only-C2<br> Follows-only-C-or-N<br> Follows-only-specific-V-or-M<br> Follows-only-C-N-or-specific-V-or-M-and-precedes-only-C3-or-specific-CN<br> Follows-only-C1<br> Follows-only-C-N-or-specific-V-or-M</span><o:p></o:p></p><p><span style='font-family:"Candara",sans-serif'>Context Rules failed: 6 of 6.<br> Follows-only-C-N-or-specific-V-or-M-and-precedes-only-C3-or-specific-CN<br> Follows-only-specific-V-or-M<br> Follows-only-C-or-N<br> Follows-only-C-or-N-and-precedes-only-C2<br> Follows-only-C-N-or-specific-V-or-M<br> Follows-only-C1</span><o:p></o:p></p><p><span style='font-family:"Candara",sans-serif'>When Rules defined: (required context)<br> Follows-only-specific-V-or-M<br> Follows-only-C1<br> Follows-only-C-or-N<br> Follows-only-C-or-N-and-precedes-only-C2<br> Follows-only-C-N-or-specific-V-or-M<br> Follows-only-C-N-or-specific-V-or-M-and-precedes-only-C3-or-specific-CN</span><o:p></o:p></p><p><span style='font-family:"Candara",sans-serif'>Not-When Rules defined: (prohibited context)<br> (none)</span><o:p></o:p></p><p> <o:p></o:p></p></div></div></blockquote></div><p class=MsoNormal><br><br clear=all><o:p></o:p></p><div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p></div><p class=MsoNormal>-- <o:p></o:p></p><div><div><div><div><div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal>Dr. Gurpreet Singh Lehal,<br>Professor, Department of Computer Science<o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal>Dean, Faculty of Computing Sciences<o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal>Director, Research Centre for Punjabi Language Technology,<br>Punjabi University, Patiala.<br>India-147002<br><br><a href="https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__en.wikipedia.org_wiki_Gurpreet-5FSingh-5FLehal&d=DwMFaQ&c=FmY1u3PJp6wrcrwll3mSVzgfkbPSS6sJms7xcl4I5cM&r=KTETvEaGPwPcawI-QmNa-kiv-ZBvdgyyLm-mxd028M4&m=IdfwIYGM8XP9t3FRHN_AO1TaTJ3laMlqpPH0PbEawo4&s=SrvE6CuNWtWUdivhjppQ0Fzsq9BZKedHnBT8gfb6F5M&e=" target="_blank">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gurpreet_Singh_Lehal [en.wikipedia.org]</a><o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:12.0pt'>Phone : +91-9815473767 (M)<br>url : <a href="https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=http-3A__www.learnpunjabi.org&d=DwMFaQ&c=FmY1u3PJp6wrcrwll3mSVzgfkbPSS6sJms7xcl4I5cM&r=KTETvEaGPwPcawI-QmNa-kiv-ZBvdgyyLm-mxd028M4&m=IdfwIYGM8XP9t3FRHN_AO1TaTJ3laMlqpPH0PbEawo4&s=QOMqx6OBYd-zyc1mNiAK7AIHeBd9qjMAoMBRPjxhbWc&e=" target="_blank">www.learnpunjabi.org [learnpunjabi.org]</a><o:p></o:p></p></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></body></html>