proposed tz changes for Mongolia, Jan Mayen, Chagos, Indonesia, etc.

Paul Eggert eggert at twinsun.com
Thu May 31 15:00:10 UTC 2001


Here are proposed changes to the tz code and data.  The most pressing
ones are those for Mongolia, Jan Mayen, and Chagos, as the current UTC
offsets are incorrect.  Also, these changes affect the current time
zone abbreviations for Indonesia.

The other changes cover historical data, minor porting glitches for
the code, and the web page describing tz.

As usual, thanks to everyone who wrote in; it couldn't be done without you!


Code changes

* Add support for non-POSIX systems that lack sys/stat.h.
* Add instructions for OSF1 V5.0 cc (which mishandles 'const').

Data changes

* Mongolia observes DST this year, from 04-27 02:00 to 09-28 03:00.
  (Thanks to Rives McDow for this.)

* Jan Mayen observes Oslo time, not -01:00.  Also, add commentary about
  time in Svalbard and Jan Mayen since 1925.
  (Thanks to Steffen Thorsen for this.)

* The British Indian Ocean Territory (Indian/Chagos) seems to have
  switched from +05:00 to +06:00; for lack of better info, we'll
  guess that it occurred on 1996-01-01.

* The English abbreviations for the current time zones in Indonesia
  are WIT, CIT, and EIT (not JAVT, BORT, JAYT which were purely
  guesswork on my part).  Thanks to Gwillim Law for pointing me at a
  web page that had an (incorrect) translation about this.

* Southwest Borneo switched from +08:00 to +07:00 on 1988-01-01.
  This entails a new zone 'Asia/Pontianak'.
  (Thanks to Gwillim Law for this.)

* Shanks now says that Mongolia didn't introduce DST until 1983.

* Chile introduced DST in 1966, not 1969.
  (Thanks to Gwillim Law for this.)

* Fixes for legal time in the Netherlands before 1938:

    - From 1918 through 1921 DST ended the last Monday in September,
      not the last Sunday.

    - Amsterdam Mean Time was +00:19:32.13 until 1937-07-01.  The tz
      database can't represent the ".13", unfortunately.

    - Add commentary about legal time in the Netherlands before 1937.

  (Thanks to Robert H. van Gent for this.)

* Fixes for legal time in Sweden before 1917:
   
    - Sweden adopted standard time on 1879-01-01, not 1878-05-31.

    - Standard time was +1:00:14, not +1:12:12.

    - The switch to +1:00 occurred on 1900-01-01 at 00:00, not at 01:00.

    - 1916 DST was from 05-14 23:00 to 10-01 01:00, not from 04-14
      23:00 to 10-01 00:00.

  (Thanks to Ivan Nilsson for this.)

* Change zone.tab entry to say that Sala y Gomez is like Easter
  Island, while the other Chilean locations are all like Santiago.
  (Thanks to Gwillim Law for this.)


Changes that affect commentary only.

* Add brief instructions for how to retrieve, build and test tz.

* Add more commentary for Choibalsan, Mongolia, which may or may not
  be in a different time zone from Ulaanbaatar.
  (Thanks to Rives McDow for this.)

* Add more commentary about why the Antarctica/Vostok entry is guesswork.
  (Thanks to Lee Hotz for this.)

* Fix the spelling of "Attlee".  (Thanks to Mark Brader for this.)

* Add commentary for Villa Las Estrellas, the only town in the Antarctic.

* Add commentary for the islands of Aldabra, Farquhar, and Desroches,
  which were transferred from the British Indian Ocean Territory to
  the Seychelles in 1976.

* Add remarks about why Alaska's switch from Julian to Gregorian is
  somewhat notional, as none of the locations currently in the tz
  database were permanently inhabited in 1867 by anyone using either
  calendar.

* Remove commentary about Brad Sherman's attempt to let California operate
  on Denver time, as it's too hard to keep track of all the legislative
  proposals right now.

* Navassa is now administered by the US Fish and Wildlife Service.


Changes that affect the web page tz-link.htm only.

* Use family name first in the Dublin Core metadata, as the standard
  recommends.

* Mention Tru64, which uses tz too.

* Change <samp> to <code> in tz-link.htm, as that better matches
  what's being represented.

* Time Zone Converter has moved.

* World Time Server no longer publishes maps (that I could see, anyway).

* Mention http://www.dstc.qut.edu.au/DST/marg/daylight.html, which is
  more useful than the official page
  http://www.lawlink.nsw.gov.au/crd.nsf/pages/time2 for Australia.

* Mention http://www.nrc.ca/inms/time/tze.html for Canada.

* Translate the title of http://www.phys.uu.nl/~vgent/wettijd/wettijd.htm
  from Dutch to English.  (Thanks to Robert H. van Gent for this.)

* Mention the SOFA code.  (Thanks to Markus Kuhn for this.)

* The International Earth Rotation Service's web site has moved.

* ISO 8601 has been updated; the current version is ISO 8601:2000.
  (Thanks to Markus Kuhn for this.)

* Mention Internet RFC 2822 and draft-ietf-impp-datetime-03.txt.


===================================================================
RCS file: RCS/README,v
retrieving revision 1997.7
retrieving revision 1997.7.0.1
diff -pu -r1997.7 -r1997.7.0.1
--- README	1997/09/04 20:55:54	1997.7
+++ README	2001/05/31 00:59:05	1997.7.0.1
@@ -33,8 +33,22 @@ Since POSIX frowns on correct leap secon
 the "zic" command (in the absence of a "-L" option) has been changed to omit
 leap second information from its output files.
 
-Be sure to read the comments in "Makefile" and make any changes
-needed to make things right for your system.
+Here is a recipe for acquiring, building, installing, and testing the
+tz distribution on a GNU/Linux or similar host.
+
+	mkdir tz
+	cd tz
+	wget 'ftp://elsie.nci.nih.gov/pub/tz*.tar.gz'
+	gzip -dc tzcode*.tar.gz | tar -xf -
+	gzip -dc tzdata*.tar.gz | tar -xf -
+
+Be sure to read the comments in "Makefile" and make any changes needed
+to make things right for your system, especially if you are using some
+platform other than GNU/Linux.  Then run the following commands,
+substituting your desired installation directory for "$HOME/tzdir":
+
+	make TOPDIR=$HOME/tzdir install
+	$HOME/tzdir/etc/zdump -v America/Los_Angeles
 
 To use the new functions, use a "-ltz" option when compiling or linking.
 
===================================================================
RCS file: RCS/tz-link.htm,v
retrieving revision 2001.2
retrieving revision 2001.2.0.2
diff -pu -r2001.2 -r2001.2.0.2
--- tz-link.htm	2001/04/05 20:43:41	2001.2
+++ tz-link.htm	2001/05/31 03:53:40	2001.2.0.2
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="US-ASCII"?>
-<!DOCTYPE html 
+<!DOCTYPE html
 	PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN"
 	"DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
 <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en">
@@ -7,9 +7,9 @@
 <title>Sources for Time Zone and Daylight Saving Time Data</title>
 <link rel="schema.DC" href="http://purl.org/DC/elements/1.1/" />
 <meta http-equiv="Content-type" content='text/html; charset="US-ASCII"' />
-<meta name="DC.Creator" content="Paul Eggert" />
-<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Arthur David Olson" />
-<meta name="DC.Date" content="2000/10/03" />
+<meta name="DC.Creator" content="Eggert, Paul" />
+<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Olson, Arthur David" />
+<meta name="DC.Date" content="2001-05-30" />
 <meta name="DC.Description"
  content="Sources of information about time zones and daylight saving time" />
 <meta name="DC.Identifier" content="http://www.twinsun.com/tz/tz-link.htm" />
@@ -25,14 +25,14 @@
 Please send corrections to this web page to the
 <a href="mailto:tz at elsie.nci.nih.gov">time zone mailing list</a>.
 </p>
-<h2>The <samp>tz</samp> database</h2>
+<h2>The <code>tz</code> database</h2>
 <p>
 The public-domain time zone database contains code and data
 that represent the history of local time
 for many representative locations around the globe.
 It is updated periodically to reflect changes made by political bodies
 to UTC offsets and daylight-saving rules.
-This database (often called <samp>tz</samp> or <samp>zoneinfo</samp>)
+This database (often called <code>tz</code> or <code>zoneinfo</code>)
 is used by several implementations,
 including
 <a href="http://www.linux.org/">GNU/Linux</a>,
@@ -43,17 +43,30 @@ including
 <a href="http://unix.hp.com/operating/">HP-UX</a>,
 <a href="http://www.sgi.com/developers/technology/irix.html">IRIX</a>,
 <a href="http://www.sco.com/products/openserver/">SCO OpenServer</a>,
-<a href="http://www.sun.com/solaris/">Solaris</a>, and
-<a href="http://www.sco.com/unixware/">UnixWare</a>.
-In the <samp>tz</samp> database's
+<a href="http://www.sun.com/solaris/">Solaris</a>,
+<a href="http://www.tru64unix.compaq.com/">Tru64</a>, and
+<a href="http://www.sco.com/unixware/">UnixWare</a>.</p>
+<p>
+In the <code>tz</code> database's
 <a href="ftp://elsie.nci.nih.gov/pub/">FTP distribution</a>,
-the code is in the file <samp>tzcode<var>C</var>.tar.gz</samp>,
-where <samp><var>C</var></samp> is the code's version;
-similarly, the data are in <samp>tzdata<var>D</var>.tar.gz</samp>,
-where <samp><var>D</var></samp> is the data's version.
-The code lets you compile the <samp>tz</samp> source files into
+the code is in the file <code>tzcode<var>C</var>.tar.gz</code>,
+where <code><var>C</var></code> is the code's version;
+similarly, the data are in <code>tzdata<var>D</var>.tar.gz</code>,
+where <code><var>D</var></code> is the data's version.
+The following shell commands use <a
+href="http://www.gnu.org/software/wget/">GNU wget</a> to download
+these files to a GNU/Linux or similar host; see the downloaded
+<code>README</code> file for what to do next.</p>
+<pre style="margin-left: 2em"><code>mkdir tz
+cd tz
+wget 'ftp://elsie.nci.nih.gov/pub/tz*.tar.gz'
+gzip -dc tzcode*.tar.gz | tar -xf -
+gzip -dc tzdata*.tar.gz | tar -xf -
+</code></pre>
+<p>
+The code lets you compile the <code>tz</code> source files into
 machine-readable binary files, one for each location.  It also lets
-you read a <samp>tz</samp> binary file and interpret time stamps for that
+you read a <code>tz</code> binary file and interpret time stamps for that
 location.</p>
 <p>
 The data are by no means authoritative. If you find errors, please
@@ -68,7 +81,7 @@ format).</p>
 The Web has several other sources for time zone and daylight saving time data.
 Here are some recent links that may be of interest.
 </p>
-<h2>Web pages using recent versions of the <samp>tz</samp> database</h2>
+<h2>Web pages using recent versions of the <code>tz</code> database</h2>
 <ul>
 <li><a href="http://www.bsdi.com/date/">Date and Time Gateway</a> is a
 text-based point-and-click interface to tables of current time
@@ -91,19 +104,19 @@ time zone converter</a> is a multilingua
 holidays.</li>
 <li><a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/">The World Clock</a>
 is a web interface to a time zone database derived from
-<samp>tz</samp>'s.</li>
+<code>tz</code>'s.</li>
 </ul>
-<h2>Other <samp>tz</samp> compilers</h2>
+<h2>Other <code>tz</code> compilers</h2>
 <ul>
 <li><a href="http://www.karuna.freeserve.co.uk/vzic.tgz">Vzic</a>
-compiles <samp>tz</samp> source into VTIMEZONE text as specified by
+compiles <code>tz</code> source into VTIMEZONE text as specified by
 the <a href="ftp://ftp.isi.edu/in-notes/rfc2445.txt">iCalendar</a>
 specification published by the <a
 href="http://www.ietf.org/html.charters/calsch-charter.html">IETF
 Calendaring and Scheduling Working Group</a>. Vzic is freely
 available under the <a href="http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/gpl.html">GNU
 General Public License (GPL)</a>.</li>
-<li>Possible XML schemata for the <samp>tz</samp> data include <a
+<li>Possible XML schemata for the <code>tz</code> data include <a
 href="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/foo">one</a> sketched out by <a
 href="http://www.w3.org/People/Berners-Lee/">Tim Berners-Lee</a> and
 <a
@@ -112,27 +125,27 @@ used by the <a
 href="http://www.iplanet.com/products/iplanet_calendar/">iPlanet
 Calendar Server</a>.</li>
 </ul>
-<h2>Other <samp>tz</samp> binary file readers</h2>
+<h2>Other <code>tz</code> binary file readers</h2>
 <ul>
 <li>The <a href="http://www.gnu.org/software/libc/">GNU C Library</a>
 has an independent, thread-safe implementation of
-a <samp>tz</samp> binary file reader.
+a <code>tz</code> binary file reader.
 This library is freely available under the
 <a href="http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/lesser.html">
 GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL)</a>,
 and is widely used in GNU/Linux systems.</li>
 <li><a href="http://www.bmsi.com/java/#TZ">ZoneInfo.java</a>
-is a <samp>tz</samp> binary file reader written in Java.
+is a <code>tz</code> binary file reader written in Java.
 It is freely available under the GNU LGPL.</li>
 </ul>
-<h2>Other <samp>tz</samp>-based time zone conversion software</h2>
+<h2>Other <code>tz</code>-based time zone conversion software</h2>
 <ul>
 <li><a
 href="http://www1.tip.nl/~t876506/AboutTimeZonesHC.html">HyperCard
 time zones calculator</a> is a HyperCard stack.</li>
 <li><a
-href="http://timezone50.homepage.com/">Time Zone Converter</a> is a
-Microsoft Windows 95/98/NT4 program.</li>
+href="http://www20.Brinkster.com/timezone50/">Time Zone Converter</a> is a
+Microsoft Windows program.</li>
 </ul>
 <h2>Other time zone databases</h2>
 <ul>
@@ -146,10 +159,12 @@ href="http://astrocom.com/">Astro Commun
 time info, public holidays</a>
 contains information on local time, sunrise and sunset,
 and public holidays in several hundred cities around the world.</li>
+<li><a href="http://www.worldtimeserver.com/">World Time Server</a>
+is another time zone database.</li>
 <li><a href="http://tycho.usno.navy.mil/tzones.html">World Time Zones</a>
 contains data from the Time Service Department of the US Naval Observatory
 (USNO), used as the source
-for the <samp>usno*</samp> files in the <samp>tz</samp> distribution.</li>
+for the <code>usno*</code> files in the <code>tz</code> distribution.</li>
 <li>The <a href="http://www.iata.org/">International
 Air Transport Association</a>
 publishes the <a href="http://www.iata.org/sked/ssim.htm">Standard
@@ -166,7 +181,7 @@ zone map</a>; the
 <a href="http://www.lib.utexas.edu/Libs/PCL/Map_collection/world_maps.html">
 Perry-Casta&ntilde;eda Library Map Collection</a>
 of the University of Texas at Austin has copies of
-recent editions. 
+recent editions.
 The pictorial quality is good,
 but the maps do not indicate summer time,
 and parts of the data are a few years out of date.</li>
@@ -175,9 +190,6 @@ current time</a>
 has several fancy time zone maps; it covers Russia particularly well.
 The maps' pictorial quality is not quite as good as the CIA's
 but the maps are more up to date.</li>
-<li><a href="http://www.worldtimeserver.com/">World Time Server</a>
-has a separate little outline map for each region of each country that
-currently observes a different time.</li>
 </ul>
 <h2>Time zone boundaries</h2>
 <ul>
@@ -210,15 +222,20 @@ time zone boundary.</li>
 <li>A few countries have well-documented histories of legal time.
 <dl>
 <dt>Australia</dt>
-<dd>The Community Relations Division of the NSW Attorney General's
-Department maintains a history of <a
-href="http://www.lawlink.nsw.gov.au/crd.nsf/pages/time2">daylight
-saving in New South Wales</a>.</dd>
+<dd><a
+href="http://www.dstc.qut.edu.au/DST/marg/daylight.html#more">Australia's
+Daylight Saving Times</a> contains pointers to government records and to
+histories of daylight saving.</dd>
 <dt>Brazil</dt>
 <dd>The Time Service Department of the National Observatory
 records <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/DecHV.html"
 hreflang="pt-BR">Brazil's daylight saving time decrees (in
 Portuguese)</a>.</dd>
+<dt>Canada</dt>
+<dd>The Institute for National Measurement Standards publishes current
+and some older information about <a
+href="http://www.nrc.ca/inms/time/tze.html">Time Zones and Daylight
+Saving Time</a>.</dd>
 <dt>Germany</dt>
 <dd>The National Institute for Science and Technology maintains the <a
 href="http://www.ptb.de/english/org/4/43/432/lega.htm">Realisation of
@@ -234,7 +251,7 @@ href="http://www.cddhcu.gob.mx/bibliot/p
 hreflang="es">history of Mexican local time (in Spanish)</a>.</dd>
 <dt>Netherlands</dt>
 <dd><a href="http://www.phys.uu.nl/~vgent/wettijd/wettijd.htm"
-hreflang="nl">De wettelijke tijdregeling in Nederland (in Dutch)</a>
+hreflang="nl">Legal time in the Netherlands (in Dutch)</a>
 covers the history of local time in the Netherlands from ancient times.</dd>
 <dt>United Kingdom</dt>
 <dd><a
@@ -259,22 +276,28 @@ answers questions like "What is the diff
 href="http://sadira.gb.nrao.edu/~rfisher/Ephemerides/times.html">Astronomical
 Times</a> explains more abstruse astronomical time scales like TT, TCG,
 and TDB.</li>
+<li>The <a href="http://www.iau.org/">IAU</a>'s <a
+href="http://www.iau-sofa.rl.ac.uk/">Standards Of Fundamental
+Astronomy</a> (SOFA) initiative publishes Fortran code for converting
+among time scales like TAI, TDB, TT and UTC.</li>
 <li><a href="http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/basics/bsf2-3.htm">Basics of
 Space Flight - Reference Systems - Time Conventions</a>
 briefly explains interplanetary space flight timekeeping.</li>
-<li><a href="http://hpiers.obspm.fr/webiers/results/bul/README.html">Bulletins
-of IERS</a> contains official publications of the
+<li><a
+href="http://hpiers.obspm.fr/eop-pc/products/bulletins.html">Bulletins
+maintained by the IERS EOP (PC)</a> contains official publications of
+the Earth Orientation Parameters Product Center of the
 International Earth Rotation Service, the committee that decides
 when leap seconds occur.</li>
 <li>The <a
 href="http://clockdev.usno.navy.mil/archives/leapsecs.html">Leap
 Second Discussion List</a> covers <a
 href="http://clockdev.usno.navy.mil/cgi-bin/wa.exe?A3=ind00&amp;L=leapsecs&amp;P=28537&amp;E=2&amp;B=------_=_NextPart_000_01C0781C.F015C5B0&amp;N=GPS-Nov99_Innov.pdf&amp;T=application/octet-stream">McCarthy
-and Klepczynski's proposal to remove leap seconds</a>
+and Klepczynski's proposal to discontinue leap seconds</a>
 (which requires discussion list membership to read).
 This proposal is being studied by the URSI Commission J <a
 href="http://space.mit.edu/URSI/leapsecond.html">Working Group on the
-Leap Second</a>, and the <a href="http://www.iau.org/">IAU</a>
+Leap Second</a>, and the IAU
 has plans to report on this proposal by 2003.</li>
 </ul>
 <h2>Time notation</h2>
@@ -284,7 +307,18 @@ has plans to report on this proposal by 
 the International Standard Date and Time Notation</a> is a good
 summary of <a href="http://www.iso.ch/markete/8601.pdf">ISO
 8601:1988 - Data elements and interchange formats - Information interchange
-- Representation of dates and times</a>.</li>
+- Representation of dates and times</a> (which has been superseded by
+<a href="http://www.iso.ch/cate/d26780.html">ISO 8601:2000</a>).</li>
+<li>
+Section 3.3 of <a
+href="ftp://ftp.isi.edu/in-notes/rfc2822.txt">Internet RFC 2822</a>
+specifies the time notation used in email and <a
+href="ftp://ftp.isi.edu/in-notes/rfc2616.txt">HTTP</a> headers.</li>
+<li>
+<a
+href="ftp://ftp.isi.edu/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-impp-datetime-03.txt">Date
+and Time on the Internet: Timestamps</a> proposes an ISO 8601 profile
+for use in new Internet protocols.</li>
 </ul>
 <h2>Related indexes</h2>
 <ul>
===================================================================
RCS file: RCS/Makefile,v
retrieving revision 2001.2
retrieving revision 2001.2.0.1
diff -pu -r2001.2 -r2001.2.0.1
--- Makefile	2001/04/05 20:43:41	2001.2
+++ Makefile	2001/05/31 00:59:05	2001.2.0.1
@@ -86,6 +86,7 @@ YEARISTYPE=	./yearistype
 LDLIBS=
 
 # Add the following to the end of the "CFLAGS=" line as needed.
+#  -Dconst= if `const' does not work (SunOS 4.x cc, OSF1 V5.0 cc)
 #  -DHAVE_ADJTIME=0 if `adjtime' does not exist (SVR0?)
 #  -DHAVE_GETTEXT=1 if `gettext' works (GNU, Linux, Solaris); also see LDLIBS
 #  -DHAVE_INCOMPATIBLE_CTIME_R=1 if your system's time.h declares
@@ -97,6 +98,7 @@ LDLIBS=
 #  -DHAVE_SETTIMEOFDAY=3 if settimeofday ignores 2nd arg (4.4BSD)
 #  -DHAVE_STRERROR=0 if your system lacks the strerror function
 #  -DHAVE_SYMLINK=0 if your system lacks the symlink function
+#  -DHAVE_SYS_STAT_H=0 if your compiler lacks a "sys/stat.h"
 #  -DHAVE_SYS_WAIT_H=0 if your compiler lacks a "sys/wait.h"
 #  -DLOCALE_HOME=\"path\" if locales are in "path", not "/usr/lib/locale"
 #  -DHAVE_UNISTD_H=0 if your compiler lacks a "unistd.h" (Microsoft C++ 7?)
===================================================================
RCS file: RCS/private.h,v
retrieving revision 2000.5
retrieving revision 2000.5.0.1
diff -pu -r2000.5 -r2000.5.0.1
--- private.h	2000/07/31 13:27:54	2000.5
+++ private.h	2001/05/31 00:59:05	2000.5.0.1
@@ -54,6 +54,10 @@ static char	privatehid[] = "@(#)private.
 #define HAVE_SYMLINK		1
 #endif /* !defined HAVE_SYMLINK */
 
+#ifndef HAVE_SYS_STAT_H
+#define HAVE_SYS_STAT_H		1
+#endif /* !defined HAVE_SYS_STAT_H */
+
 #ifndef HAVE_SYS_WAIT_H
 #define HAVE_SYS_WAIT_H		1
 #endif /* !defined HAVE_SYS_WAIT_H */
@@ -123,16 +127,6 @@ static char	privatehid[] = "@(#)private.
 */
 
 /*
-** SunOS 4.1.1 cc lacks const.
-*/
-
-#ifndef const
-#ifndef __STDC__
-#define const
-#endif /* !defined __STDC__ */
-#endif /* !defined const */
-
-/*
 ** SunOS 4.1.1 cc lacks prototypes.
 */
 
===================================================================
RCS file: RCS/zic.c,v
retrieving revision 2000.6
retrieving revision 2000.6.0.1
diff -pu -r2000.6 -r2000.6.0.1
--- zic.c	2000/08/10 13:31:47	2000.6
+++ zic.c	2001/05/31 00:59:05	2000.6.0.1
@@ -7,9 +7,15 @@ static char	elsieid[] = "@(#)zic.c	7.101
 #include "private.h"
 #include "locale.h"
 #include "tzfile.h"
-#ifdef unix
-#include "sys/stat.h"			/* for umask manifest constants */
-#endif /* defined unix */
+
+#if HAVE_SYS_STAT_H
+#include "sys/stat.h"
+#endif
+#ifdef S_IRUSR
+#define MKDIR_UMASK (S_IRUSR|S_IWUSR|S_IXUSR|S_IRGRP|S_IXGRP|S_IROTH|S_IXOTH)
+#else
+#define MKDIR_UMASK 0755
+#endif
 
 /*
 ** On some ancient hosts, predicates like `isspace(C)' are defined
@@ -613,7 +619,7 @@ const char * const	tofile;
 			(void) exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
 
 		result = link(fromname, toname);
-#if (HAVE_SYMLINK - 0) 
+#if (HAVE_SYMLINK - 0)
 		if (result != 0) {
 		        const char *s = tofile;
 		        register char * symlinkcontents = NULL;
@@ -2187,7 +2193,7 @@ char * const	argname;
 			** created by some other multiprocessor, so we get
 			** to do extra checking.
 			*/
-			if (mkdir(name, S_IRUSR|S_IWUSR|S_IXUSR|S_IRGRP|S_IXGRP|S_IROTH|S_IXOTH) != 0) {
+			if (mkdir(name, MKDIR_UMASK) != 0) {
 				const char *e = strerror(errno);
 
 				if (errno != EEXIST || !itsdir(name)) {
===================================================================
RCS file: RCS/africa,v
retrieving revision 2000.7
retrieving revision 2000.7.0.1
diff -pu -r2000.7 -r2000.7.0.1
--- africa	2000/10/10 15:35:14	2000.7
+++ africa	2001/05/31 00:59:05	2000.7.0.1
@@ -481,6 +481,12 @@ Zone	Africa/Dakar	-1:09:44 -	LMT	1912
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Indian/Mahe	3:41:48 -	LMT	1906 Jun	# Victoria
 			4:00	-	SCT	# Seychelles Time
+# From Paul Eggert (2001-05-30):
+# Aldabra, Farquhar, and Desroches, originally dependencies of the
+# Seychelles, were transferred to the British Indian Ocean Territory
+# in 1965 and returned to Seychelles control in 1976.  We don't know
+# whether this affected their time zone, so omit this for now.
+# Possibly the islands were uninhabited.
 
 # Sierra Leone
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
===================================================================
RCS file: RCS/antarctica,v
retrieving revision 2001.2
retrieving revision 2001.2.0.1
diff -pu -r2001.2 -r2001.2.0.1
--- antarctica	2001/04/05 20:43:40	2001.2
+++ antarctica	2001/05/31 00:59:05	2001.2.0.1
@@ -39,8 +39,8 @@ Rule	ArgAQ	1974	only	-	Jan	23	0:00	1:00	
 Rule	ArgAQ	1974	only	-	May	 1	0:00	0	-
 Rule	ArgAQ	1974	1976	-	Oct	Sun<=7	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	ArgAQ	1975	1977	-	Apr	Sun<=7	0:00	0	-
-Rule	ChileAQ	1969	1997	-	Oct	Sun>=9	0:00	1:00	S
-Rule	ChileAQ	1970	1998	-	Mar	Sun>=9	0:00	0	-
+Rule	ChileAQ	1966	1997	-	Oct	Sun>=9	0:00	1:00	S
+Rule	ChileAQ	1967	1998	-	Mar	Sun>=9	0:00	0	-
 Rule	ChileAQ	1998	only	-	Sep	27	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	ChileAQ	1999	only	-	Apr	 4	0:00	0	-
 Rule	ChileAQ	1999	max	-	Oct	Sun>=9	0:00	1:00	S
@@ -92,11 +92,13 @@ Zone Antarctica/Mawson	0	-	zzz	1954 Feb 
 # Brazil - year-round base
 # Ferraz, King George Island, since 1983/4
 
-# Chile - year-round bases
+# Chile - year-round bases and towns
 # Escudero, South Shetland Is, -621157-0585735, since 1994
-# Frei, King George Is, -6214-05848, since 1969
+# Frei, King George Island, -6214-05848, since 1969-03-07
 # O'Higgins, Antarctic Peninsula, -6319-05704, since 1948-02
 # Prat, -6230-05941
+# Villa Las Estrellas (a town), King George Island, since 1984-04-09
+# These locations have always used Santiago time; use TZ='America/Santiago'.
 
 # China - year-round bases
 # Great Wall, King George Island, since 1985-02-20
@@ -219,6 +221,15 @@ Rule	NZAQ	1990	max	-	Mar	Sun>=15	2:00s	0
 # of GMT). This is a time zone I think two hours east of Moscow. The
 # natural time zone is in between the two: 8 hours ahead of GMT.''
 #
+# From Paul Eggert (2001-05-04):
+# This seems to be hopelessly confusing, so I asked Lee Hotz about it
+# in person.  He said that some Antartic locations set their local
+# time so that noon is the warmest part of the day, and that this
+# changes during the year and does not necessarily correspond to mean
+# solar noon.  So the Vostok time might have been whatever the clocks
+# happened to be during their visit.  So we still don't really know what time
+# it is at Vostok.  But we'll guess UTC+6.
+#
 Zone Antarctica/Vostok	0	-	zzz	1957 Dec 16
 			6:00	-	VOST	# Vostok time
 
===================================================================
RCS file: RCS/asia,v
retrieving revision 2001.2
retrieving revision 2001.2.0.1
diff -pu -r2001.2 -r2001.2.0.1
--- asia	2001/04/05 20:43:40	2001.2
+++ asia	2001/05/31 00:59:05	2001.2.0.1
@@ -37,8 +37,11 @@
 #	4:00	GST	Gulf*
 #	5:30	IST	India
 #	7:00	ICT	Indochina*
+#	7:00	WIT	west Indonesia
+#	8:00	CIT	central Indonesia
 #	8:00	CST	China
 #	9:00	CJT	Central Japanese Time (1896/1937)*
+#	9:00	EIT	east Indonesia
 #	9:00	JST	Japan
 #	9:00	KST	Korea
 #	9:30	CST	(Australian) Central Standard Time
@@ -131,9 +134,11 @@ Zone	Asia/Thimphu	5:58:36 -	LMT	1947 Aug
 			6:00	-	BTT	# Bhutan Time
 
 # British Indian Ocean Territory
-# From Whitman:
+# Whitman and the 1995 CIA time zone map say 5:00, but the
+# 1997 and later maps say 6:00.  Assume the switch occurred in 1996.
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	Indian/Chagos	5:00	-	IOT	# BIOT Time
+Zone	Indian/Chagos	5:00	-	IOT	1996 # BIOT Time
+			6:00	-	IOT
 
 # Brunei
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
@@ -357,7 +362,7 @@ Zone	Asia/Dili	8:22:20 -	LMT	1912
 			8:00	-	TPT	1942 Feb 21 23:00 # E Timor Time
 			9:00	-	JST	1945 Aug
 			9:00	-	TPT	1976 May  3
-			8:00	-	TPT	2000 Sep 17 00:00
+			8:00	-	CIT	2000 Sep 17 00:00
 			9:00	-	TPT
 
 # India
@@ -374,27 +379,43 @@ Zone	Asia/Calcutta	5:53:28 -	LMT	1880
 #	Nicobar Is
 
 # Indonesia
+#
+# From Gwillim Law (2001-05-28), overriding Shanks:
+# <http://www.sumatera-inc.com/go_to_invest/about_indonesia.asp#standtime>
+# says that Indonesia's time zones changed on 1988-01-01.  Looking at some
+# time zone maps, I think that must refer to Western Borneo (Kalimantan Barat
+# and Kalimantan Tengah) switching from UTC+8 to UTC+7.
+#
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Asia/Jakarta	7:07:12 -	LMT	1867 Aug 10
 # Shanks says the next transition was at 1924 Jan 1 0:13,
 # but this must be a typo.
 			7:07:12	-	JMT	1923 Dec 31 23:47:12 # Jakarta
 			7:20	-	JAVT	1932 Nov	 # Java Time
-			7:30	-	JAVT	1942 Mar 23
+			7:30	-	WIT	1942 Mar 23
 			9:00	-	JST	1945 Aug
-			7:30	-	JAVT	1948 May
-			8:00	-	JAVT	1950 May
-			7:30	-	JAVT	1964
-			7:00	-	JAVT
+			7:30	-	WIT	1948 May
+			8:00	-	WIT	1950 May
+			7:30	-	WIT	1964
+			7:00	-	WIT
+Zone Asia/Pontianak	7:17:20	-	LMT	1908 May
+			7:17:20	-	PMT	1932 Nov    # Pontianak MT
+			7:30	-	WIT	1942 Jan 29
+			9:00	-	JST	1945 Aug
+			7:30	-	WIT	1948 May
+			8:00	-	WIT	1950 May
+			7:30	-	WIT	1964
+			8:00	-	CIT	1988 Jan  1
+			7:00	-	WIT
 Zone Asia/Ujung_Pandang 7:57:36 -	LMT	1920
 			7:57:36	-	MMT	1932 Nov    # Macassar MT
-			8:00	-	BORT	1942 Feb  9 # Borneo Time
+			8:00	-	CIT	1942 Feb  9
 			9:00	-	JST	1945 Aug
-			8:00	-	BORT
+			8:00	-	CIT
 Zone Asia/Jayapura	9:22:48 -	LMT	1932 Nov
-			9:00	-	JAYT	1944	    # Jayapura Time
+			9:00	-	EIT	1944
 			9:30	-	CST	1964
-			9:00	-	JAYT
+			9:00	-	EIT
 
 # Iran
 # From Paul Eggert (2000-06-12), following up a suggestion by Rich Wales:
@@ -960,38 +981,52 @@ Zone	Indian/Maldives	4:54:00 -	LMT	1880	
 # Suhbaatar, and possibly Khentij.
 
 # From Paul Eggert (1999-12-15):
-# For now, we'll comment out the east zone (Choybalsan)
-# and use Shanks's and the IATA's data for the daylight-saving rules.
 # Naming and spelling is tricky in Mongolia.
 # We'll use Hovd (also spelled Chovd and Khovd) to represent the west zone;
 # the capital of the Hovd province is sometimes called Hovd, sometimes Dund-Us,
 # and sometimes Jirgalanta (with variant spellings), but the name Hovd
 # is good enough for our purposes.
 
-# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
-Rule	Mongol	1981	1984	-	Apr	1	0:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Mongol	1981	1984	-	Oct	1	0:00	0	-
-Rule	Mongol	1985	1990	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Mongol	1985	1990	-	Sep	lastSun	3:00	0	-
-Rule	Mongol	1991	1998	-	Mar	lastSun	0:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Mongol	1991	1995	-	Sep	lastSun	0:00	0	-
-# IATA SSIM (1996-09) says 1996-10-25; go with Shanks.
-Rule	Mongol	1996	only	-	Oct	lastSun	0:00	0	-
-Rule	Mongol	1997	1998	-	Sep	lastSun	0:00	0	-
+# From Rives McDow (2001-05-13):
+# In addition to Mongolia starting daylight savings as reported earlier
+# (adopted DST on 2001-04-27 02:00 local time, ending 2001-09-28),
+# there are three time zones.
+#
+# Provinces [at 7:00]: Bayan-ulgii, Uvs, Khovd, Zavkhan, Govi-Altai
+# Provinces [at 8:00]: Khovsgol, Bulgan, Arkhangai, Khentii, Tov,
+#	Bayankhongor, Ovorkhangai, Dundgovi, Dornogovi, Omnogovi
+# Provinces [at 9:00]: Dornod, Sukhbaatar
+#
+# [The province of Selenge is omitted from the above lists.]
+
+# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
+Rule	Mongol	1983	1984	-	Apr	1	0:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Mongol	1983	only	-	Oct	1	0:00	0	-
+# IATA SSIM says 1990s switches occurred at 00:00, but Shanks (1995) lists
+# them at 02:00s, and McDow says the 2001 switches also occurred at 02:00.
+# Also, IATA SSIM (1996-09) says 1996-10-25.  Go with Shanks through 1998.
+Rule	Mongol	1985	1998	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	S
+Rule	Mongol	1984	1998	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00s	0	-
 # IATA SSIM (1999-09) says Mongolia no longer observes DST.
+Rule	Mongol	2001	only	-	Apr	27	2:00s	1:00	S
+Rule	Mongol	2001	only	-	Sep	28	2:00s	0	-
 
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
+# Hovd, a.k.a. Chovd, Dund-Us, Dzhargalant, Khovd, Jirgalanta
 Zone	Asia/Hovd	6:06:36 -	LMT	1905 Aug
 			6:00	-	HOVT	1978	# Hovd Time
 			7:00	Mongol	HOV%sT
+# Ulaanbaatar, a.k.a. Ulan Bataar, Ulan Bator, Urga
 Zone	Asia/Ulaanbaatar 7:07:32 -	LMT	1905 Aug
 			7:00	-	ULAT	1978	# Ulaanbaatar Time
 			8:00	Mongol	ULA%sT
-# We're not sure about this entry yet, so we'll omit it for now.
-#Zone Asia/Choybalsan	7:38:00 -	LMT	1905 Aug
-#			8:00	-	CHOT	1978	# Choybalsan Time
-#			9:00	Mongol	CHO%sT	19??
-#			8:00	Mongol	ULA%sT
+# Choibalsan, a.k.a. Bajan Tuemen, Bajan Tumen, Chojbalsan,
+# Choybalsan, Sanbejse, Tchoibalsan
+# We're still not sure about this data, so we'll omit it for now.
+#Zone	Asia/Choibalsan	7:38:00 -	LMT	1905 Aug
+#			7:00	-	ULAT	1978
+#			8:00	Mongol	ULA%sT	1983 Apr
+#			9:00	Mongol	CHO%sT	# Choibalsan Time
 
 # Nepal
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
===================================================================
RCS file: RCS/europe,v
retrieving revision 2001.2
retrieving revision 2001.2.0.1
diff -pu -r2001.2 -r2001.2.0.1
--- europe	2001/04/05 20:43:41	2001.2
+++ europe	2001/05/31 00:59:05	2001.2.0.1
@@ -41,7 +41,10 @@
 #	 0:00	GMT BST Greenwich, British Summer
 #	 0:00	GMT IST Greenwich, Irish Summer
 #	 0:00	WET WEST Western Europe
+#	 0:19:32 AMT NST Amsterdam, Netherlands Summer (1835-1937)*
+#	 0:20	NET NEST Netherlands (1937-1940)*
 #	 1:00	CET CEST Central Europe
+#	 1:00:14 SET	 Swedish (1879-1899)*
 #	 2:00	EET EEST Eastern Europe
 #	 3:00	MSK MSD	Moscow
 #
@@ -1371,22 +1374,59 @@ Zone	Europe/Monaco	0:29:32 -	LMT	1891 Ma
 			1:00	EU	CE%sT
 
 # Netherlands
+
 # Howse writes that the Netherlands' railways used GMT between 1892 and 1940,
 # but for other purposes the Netherlands used Amsterdam mean time.
-# The data before 1945 is taken from
+
+# However, Robert H. van Gent writes (2001-04-01):
+# Howse's statement is only correct up to 1909. From 1909-05-01 (00:00:00
+# Amsterdam mean time) onwards, the whole of the Netherlands (including
+# the Dutch railways) was required by law to observe Amsterdam mean time
+# (19 minutes 32.13 seconds ahead of GMT). This had already been the
+# common practice (except for the railways) for many decades but it was
+# not until 1909 when the Dutch government finally defined this by law.
+# On 1937-07-01 this was changed to 20 minutes (exactly) ahead of GMT and
+# was generally known as Dutch Time ("Nederlandse Tijd").
+#
+# (2001-04-08):
+# 1892-05-01 was the date when the Dutch railways were by law required to
+# observe GMT while the remainder of the Netherlands adhered to the common
+# practice of following Amsterdam mean time.
+#
+# (2001-04-09):
+# In 1835 the authorities of the province of North Holland requested the
+# municipal authorities of the towns and cities in the province to observe
+# Amsterdam mean time but I do not know in how many cases this request was
+# actually followed.
+#
+# From 1852 onwards the Dutch telegraph offices were by law required to
+# observe Amsterdam mean time. As the time signals from the observatory of
+# Leiden were also distributed by the telegraph system, I assume that most
+# places linked up with the telegraph (and railway) system automatically
+# adopted Amsterdam mean time.
+#
+# Although the early Dutch railway companies initially observed a variety
+# of times, most of them had adopted Amsterdam mean time by 1858 but it
+# was not until 1866 when they were all required by law to observe
+# Amsterdam mean time.
+
+# The data before 1945 are taken from
 # <http://www.phys.uu.nl/~vgent/wettijd/wettijd.htm>.
+
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Neth	1916	only	-	May	 1	0:00	1:00	NST	# Netherlands Summer Time
 Rule	Neth	1916	only	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	AMT	# Amsterdam Mean Time
 Rule	Neth	1917	only	-	Apr	16	2:00s	1:00	NST
 Rule	Neth	1917	only	-	Sep	17	2:00s	0	AMT
 Rule	Neth	1918	1921	-	Apr	Mon>=1	2:00s	1:00	NST
-Rule	Neth	1918	1921	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00s	0	AMT
+Rule	Neth	1918	1921	-	Sep	lastMon	2:00s	0	AMT
 Rule	Neth	1922	only	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	NST
 Rule	Neth	1922	1936	-	Oct	Sun>=2	2:00s	0	AMT
 Rule	Neth	1923	only	-	Jun	Fri>=1	2:00s	1:00	NST
 Rule	Neth	1924	only	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	NST
 Rule	Neth	1925	only	-	Jun	Fri>=1	2:00s	1:00	NST
+# From 1926 through 1939 DST began 05-15, except that it was delayed by a week
+# in years when 05-15 fell in the Pentecost weekend.
 Rule	Neth	1926	1931	-	May	15	2:00s	1:00	NST
 Rule	Neth	1932	only	-	May	22	2:00s	1:00	NST
 Rule	Neth	1933	1936	-	May	15	2:00s	1:00	NST
@@ -1396,10 +1436,13 @@ Rule	Neth	1937	1939	-	Oct	Sun>=2	2:00s	0
 Rule	Neth	1938	1939	-	May	15	2:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Neth	1945	only	-	Apr	 2	2:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Neth	1945	only	-	Sep	16	2:00s	0	-
+#
+# Amsterdam Mean Time was +00:19:32.13 exactly, but the .13 is omitted
+# below because the current format requires GMTOFF to be an integer.
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone Europe/Amsterdam	0:19:28 -	LMT	1892 May
-			0:19:28	Neth	%s	1937 Jul
-			0:20	Neth	NE%sT	1940 May 17 0:00
+Zone Europe/Amsterdam	0:19:32 -	LMT	1835
+			0:19:32	Neth	%s	1937 Jul  1
+			0:20	Neth	NE%sT	1940 May 17 0:00 # Dutch Time
 			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1945 Apr  2 2:00
 			1:00	Neth	CE%sT	1977
 			1:00	EU	CE%sT
@@ -1417,17 +1460,62 @@ Rule	Norway	1959	1964	-	Mar	Sun>=15	2:00
 Rule	Norway	1959	1965	-	Sep	Sun>=15	2:00s	0	-
 Rule	Norway	1965	only	-	Apr	25	2:00s	1:00	S
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	Europe/Oslo	0:43:00 -	LMT	1895
+Zone	Europe/Oslo	0:43:00 -	LMT	1895 Jan  1
 			1:00	Norway	CE%sT	1940 Aug 10 23:00
 			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1945 Apr  2  2:00
 			1:00	Norway	CE%sT	1980
 			1:00	EU	CE%sT
 
 # Svalbard & Jan Mayen
+
+# From Steffen Thorsen (2001-05-01):
+# Although I could not find it explicitly, it seems that Jan Mayen and
+# Svalbard have been using the same time as Norway at least since the
+# time they were declared as parts of Norway.  Svalbard was declared
+# as a part of Norway by law of 1925-07-17 no 11, section 4 and Jan
+# Mayen by law of 1930-02-27 no 2, section 2. (From
+# http://www.lovdata.no/all/nl-19250717-011.html and
+# http://www.lovdata.no/all/nl-19300227-002.html).  The law/regulation
+# for normal/standard time in Norway is from 1894-06-29 no 1 (came
+# into operation on 1895-01-01) and Svalbard/Jan Mayen seem to be a
+# part of this law since 1925/1930. (From
+# http://www.lovdata.no/all/nl-18940629-001.html ) I have not been
+# able to find if Jan Mayen used a different time zone (e.g. -0100)
+# before 1930. Jan Mayen has only been "inhabitated" since 1921 by
+# Norwegian meteorologists and maybe used the same time as Norway ever
+# since 1921.  Svalbard (Arctic/Longyearbyen) has been inhabited since
+# before 1895, and therefore probably changed the local time somewhere
+# between 1895 and 1925 (inclusive).
+
+# From Paul Eggert (2001-05-01):
+#
+# Actually, Jan Mayen was never occupied by Germany during World War II,
+# so it must have diverged from Oslo time during the war, as Olso was
+# keeping Berlin time.
+#
+# <http://home.no.net/janmayen/history.htm> says that the meteorologists
+# burned down their station in 1940 and left the island, but returned in
+# 1941 with a small Norwegian garrison and continued operations despite
+# frequent air ttacks from Germans.  In 1943 the Americans established a
+# radiolocating station on the island, called "Atlantic City".  Possibly
+# the UTC offset changed during the war, but I think it unlikely that
+# Jan Mayen used German daylight-saving rules.
+#
+# Svalbard is more complicated, as it was raided in August 1941 by an
+# Allied party that evacuated the civilian population to England (says
+# <http://www.bartleby.com/65/sv/Svalbard.html>).  The Svalbard FAQ
+# <http://www.svalbard.com/SvalbardFAQ.html> says that the Germans were
+# expelled on 1942-05-14.  However, small parties of Germans did return,
+# and according to Wilhelm Dege's book "War North of 80" (1954)
+# <http://www.utpress.utoronto.ca/publishing/rights/dege_warnorthof80.htm>
+# the German armed forces at the Svalbard weather station code-named
+# Haudegen did not surrender to the Allies until September 1945.
+#
+# All these events predate our cutoff date of 1970.  Unless we can
+# come up with more definitive info about the timekeeping during the
+# war years it's probably best just do do the following for now:
 Link	Europe/Oslo	Arctic/Longyearbyen
-# From Whitman:
-# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone Atlantic/Jan_Mayen	-1:00	-	EGT
+Link	Europe/Oslo	Atlantic/Jan_Mayen
 
 # Poland
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
@@ -1638,7 +1726,7 @@ Zone Europe/Bucharest	1:44:24 -	LMT	1891
 # enforcing curfew at the wrong time.
 #
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone Europe/Kaliningrad	 1:22:00 - 	LMT	1893 Apr
+Zone Europe/Kaliningrad	 1:22:00 -	LMT	1893 Apr
 			 1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1945
 			 2:00	Poland	CE%sT	1946
 			 3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
@@ -1795,11 +1883,56 @@ Zone	Atlantic/Canary	-1:01:36 -	LMT	1922
 # Ignore this for now, as the Canaries are part of the EU.
 
 # Sweden
-# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone Europe/Stockholm	1:12:12 -	LMT	1878 May 31
-			1:12:12	-	SMT	1900 Jan  1  1:00 # Stockholm MT
-			1:00	-	CET	1916 Apr 14 23:00s
-			1:00	1:00	CEST	1916 Sep 30 23:00s
+
+# From Ivan Nilsson (2001-04-13), superseding Shanks:
+#
+# The law "Svensk forfattningssamling 1878, no 14" about standard time in 1879:
+# From the beginning of 1879 (that is 01-01 00:00) the time for all
+# places in the country is "the mean solar time for the meridian at
+# three degrees, or twelve minutes of time, to the west of the
+# meridian of the Observatory of Stockholm".  The law is dated 1878-05-31.
+#
+# The observatory at that time had the meridian 18 degrees 03' 30"
+# eastern longitude = 01:12:14 in time.  Less 12 minutes gives the
+# national standard time as 01:00:14 ahead of GMT....
+#
+# About the beginning of CET in Sweden. The lawtext ("Svensk
+# forfattningssamling 1899, no 44") states, that "from the beginning
+# of 1900... ... the same as the mean solar time for the meridian at
+# the distance of one hour of time from the meridian of the English
+# observatory at Greenwich, or at 12 minutes 14 seconds to the west
+# from the meridian of the Observatory of Stockholm". The law is dated
+# 1899-06-16.  In short: At 1900-01-01 00:00:00 the new standard time
+# in Sweden is 01:00:00 ahead of GMT.
+#
+# 1916: The lawtext ("Svensk forfattningssamling 1916, no 124") states
+# that "1916-05-15 is considered to begin one hour earlier". It is
+# pretty obvious that at 05-14 23:00 the clocks are set to 05-15 00:00....
+# Further the law says, that "1916-09-30 is considered to end one hour later".
+#
+# The laws regulating [DST] are available on the site of the Swedish
+# Parliament beginning with 1985 - the laws regulating 1980/1984 are
+# not available on the site (to my knowledge they are only available
+# in Swedish): <http://www.riksdagen.se/english/work/sfst.asp> (type
+# "sommartid" without the quotes in the field "Fritext" and then click
+# the Sok-button).
+#
+# (2001-05-13):
+#
+# I have now found a newspaper stating that at 1916-10-01 01:00
+# summertime the church-clocks etc were set back one hour to show
+# 1916-10-01 00:00 standard time.  The article also reports that some
+# people thought the switch to standard time would take place already
+# at 1916-10-01 00:00 summer time, but they had to wait for another
+# hour before the event took place.
+#
+# Source: The newspaper "Dagens Nyheter", 1916-10-01, page 7 upper left.
+
+# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
+Zone Europe/Stockholm	1:12:12 -	LMT	1879 Jan  1
+			1:00:14	-	SET	1900 Jan  1	# Swedish Time
+			1:00	-	CET	1916 May 14 23:00
+			1:00	1:00	CEST	1916 Oct  1 01:00
 			1:00	-	CET	1980
 			1:00	EU	CE%sT
 
===================================================================
RCS file: RCS/northamerica,v
retrieving revision 2001.2
retrieving revision 2001.2.0.1
diff -pu -r2001.2 -r2001.2.0.1
--- northamerica	2001/04/05 20:44:38	2001.2
+++ northamerica	2001/05/31 00:59:05	2001.2.0.1
@@ -81,12 +81,12 @@
 # From Joseph Gallant <notquite at hotmail.com>, citing
 # George H. Douglas, _The Early Days of Radio Broadcasting_ (1987):
 # At 7 P.M. (Eastern War Time) [on 1945-08-14], the networks were set
-# to switch to London for Atlee's address, but the American people
+# to switch to London for Attlee's address, but the American people
 # never got to hear his speech live. According to one press account,
 # CBS' Bob Trout was first to announce the word of Japan's surrender,
 # but a few seconds later, NBC, ABC and Mutual also flashed the word
 # of surrender, all of whom interrupting the bells of Big Ben in
-# London which were to precede Mr. Atlee's speech.
+# London which were to precede Mr. Attlee's speech.
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	US	1918	1919	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
@@ -185,13 +185,6 @@ Rule	US	1987	max	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:00	1:00	
 # "Chamorro Standard Time" for time in Guam and the Northern Marianas.
 # See the file "australasia".
 
-# From Ryan Alessi of the Thousand Oaks Star (2001-02-15) via Rives McDow:
-# Brad Sherman, D-Sherman Oaks, introduced a bill in Congress on
-# Wednesday that could have California operating on Denver time as
-# early as this summer....  The options include keeping
-# daylight-saving time all year long, or setting clocks back two hours
-# -- instead of just one -- during the existing daylight-saving time.
-
 
 # US Eastern time, represented by New York
 
@@ -280,7 +273,7 @@ Zone America/Los_Angeles -7:52:58 -	LMT	
 # Alaska
 # AK%sT is the modern abbreviation for -9:00 per USNO.
 #
-# From Paul Eggert (2001-04-01):
+# From Paul Eggert (2001-05-30):
 # Howse writes that Alaska switched from the Julian to the Gregorian calendar,
 # and from east-of-GMT to west-of-GMT days, when the US bought it from Russia.
 # This was on 1867-10-18, a Friday; the previous day was 1867-10-06 Julian,
@@ -288,6 +281,13 @@ Zone America/Los_Angeles -7:52:58 -	LMT	
 # ignoring the switch from Julian to Gregorian, since we can't represent
 # the Julian calendar.
 #
+# As far as we know, none of the exact locations mentioned below were
+# permanently inhabited in 1867 by anyone using either calendar.
+# (Yakutat was colonized by the Russians in 1799, but the settlement
+# was destroyed in 1805 by a Yakutat-kon war party.)  However, there
+# were nearby inhabitants in some cases and for our purposes perhaps
+# it's best to simply use the official transition.
+#
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Juneau	 15:02:19 -	LMT	1867 Oct 18
 			 -8:57:41 -	LMT	1900 Aug 20 12:00
@@ -407,7 +407,7 @@ Zone America/Boise	-7:44:49 -	LMT	1883 N
 # Pam Belluck reported in the New York Times (2001-01-31) that the
 # Indiana Legislature is considering a bill to adopt DST statewide.
 # Her article mentioned Vevay, whose post office observes a different
-# time zone than Danner's Hardware across the street.
+# time zone from Danner's Hardware across the street.
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER
 Rule Indianapolis 1941	only	-	Jun	22	2:00	1:00	D
@@ -589,10 +589,11 @@ Zone America/Menominee	-5:50:27 -	LMT	18
 			-6:00	US	C%sT
 
 # Navassa
+# administered by the US Fish and Wildlife Service
 # claimed by US under the provisions of the 1856 Guano Islands Act
 # also claimed by Haiti
 # occupied 1857/1900 by the Navassa Phosphate Co
-# US lighthouse 1917/1997-01
+# US lighthouse 1917/1996-09
 # currently uninhabited
 # see Mark Fineman, ``An Isle Rich in Guano and Discord'',
 # _Los Angeles Times_ (1998-11-10), A1, A10; it cites
===================================================================
RCS file: RCS/southamerica,v
retrieving revision 2001.1
retrieving revision 2001.1.0.1
diff -pu -r2001.1 -r2001.1.0.1
--- southamerica	2001/03/13 17:57:40	2001.1
+++ southamerica	2001/05/31 00:59:05	2001.1.0.1
@@ -493,16 +493,26 @@ Zone America/Rio_Branco	-4:31:12 -	LMT	1
 # Because of the same drought, the government decided to end DST later,
 # on April 3, (one-time change).
 
-# From Gwillim Law (2001-02-20):
-# I came across a Chilean on-line newspaper, La Tercera.  Its
-# <a href="http://www.tercera.cl/diario/1998/03/13/extras.html">
-# 1998-03-13 issue
-# </a>, says (my translation):
-# "At 24:00 (midnight) tomorrow (Saturday) - 22:00 in the insular
-# territory [Easter Island, Juan Fernandez, etc.] - winter time will
-# begin in the entire country."
+# From Gwillim Law (2001-05-04):
+# I came across another article in "La Tercera" about Chilean DST.
+# <http://www.tercera.cl/diario/2000/10/13/t-extras.html>
+# It clearly confirms my earlier suggestion, that DST begins at 22:00
+# on Easter Island....  But it also seems to be saying that the
+# observance of DST in Chile began in 1966, rather than 1969 as
+# ... [Shanks] has it....
+#
+# My translation:
+#
+# "The Chilean Army has announced that summer time will begin tomorrow,
+# Saturday, October 14 in continental Chile, insular Chile, and
+# Antarctica, as provided by Supreme Decree 25 of January 11, 1966.
+# By the preceding, official time in continental Chile and Chilean
+# Antarctic, and official time in Western Insular Chile, which applies
+# to Easter Island and Sala y Gomez Island, will be set forward at
+# midnight and at 22:00, respectively, by 20 minutes."
 
-# From Paul Eggert (2001-02-21):
+# From Paul Eggert (2001-05-04):
+# Go with this article in preference to Shanks's 1969 date for modern DST.
 # Assume this rule has been used since DST was introduced in the islands.
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
@@ -510,8 +520,8 @@ Rule	Chile	1918	only	-	Sep	 1	0:00	1:00	
 Rule	Chile	1919	only	-	Jul	 2	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Chile	1927	1931	-	Sep	 1	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Chile	1928	1932	-	Apr	 1	0:00	0	-
-Rule	Chile	1969	1997	-	Oct	Sun>=9	4:00u	1:00	S
-Rule	Chile	1970	1998	-	Mar	Sun>=9	3:00u	0	-
+Rule	Chile	1966	1997	-	Oct	Sun>=9	4:00u	1:00	S
+Rule	Chile	1967	1998	-	Mar	Sun>=9	3:00u	0	-
 Rule	Chile	1998	only	-	Sep	27	4:00u	1:00	S
 Rule	Chile	1999	only	-	Apr	 4	3:00u	0	-
 Rule	Chile	1999	max	-	Oct	Sun>=9	4:00u	1:00	S
@@ -528,10 +538,9 @@ Zone Pacific/Easter	-7:17:28 -	LMT	1890	
 			-7:00	Chile	EAS%sT	1982 Mar 14 # Easter I Time
 			-6:00	Chile	EAS%sT
 #
-# Whitman says Juan Fernandez Is are like America/Santiago.
-# San Ambrosio, San Felix
-# no information; probably like America/Santiago
-
+# Sala y Gomez Island is like Pacific/Easter.
+# Other Chilean locations, including Juan Fernandez Is, San Ambrosio,
+# San Felix, and Antarctic bases, are like America/Santiago.
 
 # Colombia
 # Shanks specifies 24:00 for 1992 transition times; go with IATA,
===================================================================
RCS file: RCS/zone.tab,v
retrieving revision 2001.1
retrieving revision 2001.1.0.1
diff -pu -r2001.1 -r2001.1.0.1
--- zone.tab	2001/03/13 17:57:42	2001.1
+++ zone.tab	2001/05/31 00:59:05	2001.1.0.1
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
 #     first latitude (+ is north), then longitude (+ is east).
 # 3.  Zone name used in value of TZ environment variable.
 # 4.  Comments; present if and only if the country has multiple rows.
-#     
+#
 # Columns are separated by a single tab.
 # The table is sorted first by country, then an order within the country that
 # (1) makes some geographical sense, and
@@ -120,8 +120,8 @@ CG	-0416+01517	Africa/Brazzaville
 CH	+4723+00832	Europe/Zurich
 CI	+0519-00402	Africa/Abidjan
 CK	-2114-15946	Pacific/Rarotonga
-CL	-3327-07040	America/Santiago	mainland
-CL	-2710-10927	Pacific/Easter	Easter Island
+CL	-3327-07040	America/Santiago	most locations
+CL	-2710-10927	Pacific/Easter	Easter Island & Sala y Gomez
 CM	+0403+00942	Africa/Douala
 CN	+4545+12641	Asia/Harbin	north Manchuria
 CN	+3114+12128	Asia/Shanghai	China coast
@@ -187,7 +187,8 @@ HR	+4548+01558	Europe/Zagreb
 HT	+1832-07220	America/Port-au-Prince
 HU	+4730+01905	Europe/Budapest
 ID	-0610+10648	Asia/Jakarta	Java & Sumatra
-ID	-0507+11924	Asia/Ujung_Pandang	Borneo & Celebes
+ID	-0002+10920	Asia/Pontianak	west & central Borneo
+ID	-0507+11924	Asia/Ujung_Pandang	east & south Borneo, Celebes, Bali, Nusa Tengarra, west Timor
 ID	-0232+14042	Asia/Jayapura	Irian Jaya & the Moluccas
 IE	+5320-00615	Europe/Dublin
 IL	+3146+03514	Asia/Jerusalem
@@ -237,7 +238,8 @@ ML	+1239-00800	Africa/Bamako	southwest M
 ML	+1446-00301	Africa/Timbuktu	northeast Mali
 MM	+1647+09610	Asia/Rangoon
 MN	+4755+10653	Asia/Ulaanbaatar	most locations
-MN	+4801+09139	Asia/Hovd	Bayan-Olgiy, Hovd, Uvs
+MN	+4801+09139	Asia/Hovd	Bayan-Olgiy, Govi-Altai, Hovd, Uvs, Zavkhan
+#MN	+4804+11430	Asia/Choibalsan	Dornod, Sukhbaatar (unsure about this)
 MO	+2214+11335	Asia/Macao
 MP	+1512+14545	Pacific/Saipan
 MQ	+1436-06105	America/Martinique



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