proposed tz changes for Paraguay, Israel, "backward", and commentary

Paul Eggert eggert at CS.UCLA.EDU
Tue Jan 11 22:24:57 UTC 2005 

"Olson, Arthur David (NIH/NCI)" <olsona at dc37a.nci.nih.gov> writes:

> Paul Eggert typically handles rule changes; Paul has been swamped of late.

True, but we really should get those Paraguay changes out the door,
since we're currently mishandling last spring's time stamps.  Here is
a proposed set of patches that accumulate all the updates I've been
saving up.

* Changes to current or future data.

  - Paraguay's DST transitions have changed.  (Thanks to Jesper Norgaard Welen
    and Steffen Thorsen for this.)

  - Israel's DST transitions will change.  The current proposals are only
    tentative, but are more likely than the old tz data.  (Thanks to
    Ephraim Silverberg for this.)

* Database changes invisible to users.

  - The "backward" file no longer contains links to links.  (Thanks to
    Mark Davis for finding these).

* Commentary changes.

  - The latest ISO 8601 version is now dated 2004, not 2001.

  - README now no longer suggests that the tz data is not particularly useful,
    and warns about dates before 1970.

  - Add comments about Unalaska, which may have deviated from statutory
    time from early 1967 to 1983.  (Thanks to David Flater for this.)

  - Add comments about Mount Washington Observatory, which observes EST
    all year.  (Thanks to Dave Cantor for this.)

  - Add comments about Germany's secret WWII manned weather stations in East
    Greenland and Franz Josef Land.

  - Add links to calconnect.org, VelaTerra.

  - Remove link to Airlines, Airplanes, and Airports, as it no longer seems
    to make time zone data public.

  - Update many URLs to follow resources that moved.

===================================================================
RCS file: RCS/README,v
retrieving revision 2001.3
retrieving revision 2001.3.0.1
diff -pu -r2001.3 -r2001.3.0.1
--- README	2001/06/05 17:48:21	2001.3
+++ README	2005/01/11 22:18:14	2001.3.0.1
@@ -52,8 +52,10 @@ substituting your desired installation d
 
 To use the new functions, use a "-ltz" option when compiling or linking.
 
-Historical local time information has been included here not because it
-is particularly useful, but rather to:
+Historical local time information has been included here to:
+
+*	provide a compendium of data about the history of civil time
+	that is useful even if the data are not 100% accurate;
 
 *	give an idea of the variety of local time rules that have
 	existed in the past and thus an idea of the variety that may be
@@ -63,7 +65,9 @@ is particularly useful, but rather to:
 	system.
 
 The information in the time zone data files is by no means authoritative;
-if you know that the rules are different from those in a file, by all means
+the files currently do not even attempt to covar all time stamps before
+1970, and there are undoubtedly errors even for time stamps since 1970.
+If you know that the rules are different from those in a file, by all means
 feel free to change file (and please send the changed version to
 tz at elsie.nci.nih.gov for use in the future).  Europeans take note!
 
===================================================================
RCS file: RCS/asia,v
retrieving revision 2004.5
retrieving revision 2004.5.0.1
diff -pu -r2004.5 -r2004.5.0.1
--- asia	2004/10/11 18:44:51	2004.5
+++ asia	2005/01/11 22:18:14	2004.5.0.1
@@ -639,7 +639,7 @@ Rule	Zion	1988	only	-	Apr	 9	0:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Zion	1988	only	-	Sep	 3	0:00	0	S
 
 # From Ephraim Silverberg <ephraim at cs.huji.ac.il>
-# (1997-03-04, 1998-03-16, 1998-12-28, 2000-01-17 and 2000-07-25):
+# (1997-03-04, 1998-03-16, 1998-12-28, 2000-01-17, 2000-07-25, and 2004-12-22):
 
 # According to the Office of the Secretary General of the Ministry of
 # Interior, there is NO set rule for Daylight-Savings/Standard time changes.
@@ -690,13 +690,13 @@ Rule	Zion	1995	only	-	Sep	 3	0:00	0	S
 # time, Haim Ramon.  The official announcement regarding 1996-1998
 # (with the dates for 1997-1998 no longer being relevant) can be viewed at:
 #
-#   ftp://ftp.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/1996-1998.ramon.ps.gz
+#   ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/1996-1998.ramon.ps.gz
 #
 # The dates for 1997-1998 were altered by his successor, Rabbi Eli Suissa.
 #
 # The official announcements for the years 1997-1999 can be viewed at:
 #
-#   ftp://ftp.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/YYYY.ps.gz
+#   ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/YYYY.ps.gz
 #
 #       where YYYY is the relevant year.
 
@@ -716,12 +716,12 @@ Rule	Zion	1999	only	-	Sep	 3	2:00	0	S
 #
 # The official announcement for the start date of 2000 can be viewed at:
 #
-#	ftp://ftp.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2000-start.ps.gz
+#	ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2000-start.ps.gz
 #
 # The official announcement for the end date of 2000 and the dates
 # for the years 2001-2004 can be viewed at:
 #
-#	ftp://ftp.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2000-2004.ps.gz
+#	ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2000-2004.ps.gz
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Zion	2000	only	-	Apr	14	2:00	1:00	D
@@ -735,52 +735,97 @@ Rule	Zion	2003	only	-	Oct	 3	1:00	0	S
 Rule	Zion	2004	only	-	Apr	 7	1:00	1:00	D
 Rule	Zion	2004	only	-	Sep	22	1:00	0	S
 
-# From Paul Eggert (2000-07-25):
-# Here are guesses for rules after 2004.
-# They are probably wrong, but they are more likely than no DST at all.
+# Yesterday, the Knesset Interior Committee passed a proposed (originally
+# in March 2004) change to the Time Setting Law that would make the dates
+# for DST from 2005 and beyond so that DST starts on the night _after_ the
+# first night of the Passover holiday at midnight until midnight of the
+# Saturday night _before_ the fast of Yom Kippur.
+#
+# Those who can read Hebrew can view the proposal at:
+#
+#	ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2005+.ps
+#
+# The proposal still has to be passed by the Knesset (three readings) for
+# it to become law....
+
+# From Paul Eggert (2004-12-22):
+# For now, guess that the rules proposed on 2004-12-20 will be adopted.
+# This is quite possibly wrong, but it is more likely than no DST at all.
+# I used Ed Reingold's cal-hebrew in GNU Emacs 21.3, along with code
+# written by Ephraim Silverberg, to generate this list.
 # Rule	NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
-Rule	Zion	2005	max	-	Apr	 1	1:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Zion	2005	max	-	Oct	 1	1:00	0	S
+Rule	Zion	2005	only	-	Apr	25	0:00	1:00	D
+Rule	Zion	2005	only	-	Oct	 9	0:00	0	S
+Rule	Zion	2006	only	-	Apr	14	0:00	1:00	D
+Rule	Zion	2006	only	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	S
+Rule	Zion	2007	only	-	Apr	 4	0:00	1:00	D
+Rule	Zion	2007	only	-	Sep	16	0:00	0	S
+Rule	Zion	2008	only	-	Apr	21	0:00	1:00	D
+Rule	Zion	2008	only	-	Oct	 5	0:00	0	S
+Rule	Zion	2009	only	-	Apr	10	0:00	1:00	D
+Rule	Zion	2009	only	-	Sep	27	0:00	0	S
+Rule	Zion	2010	only	-	Mar	31	0:00	1:00	D
+Rule	Zion	2010	only	-	Sep	12	0:00	0	S
+Rule	Zion	2011	only	-	Apr	20	0:00	1:00	D
+Rule	Zion	2011	only	-	Oct	 2	0:00	0	S
+Rule	Zion	2012	only	-	Apr	 8	0:00	1:00	D
+Rule	Zion	2012	only	-	Sep	23	0:00	0	S
+Rule	Zion	2013	only	-	Mar	27	0:00	1:00	D
+Rule	Zion	2013	only	-	Sep	 8	0:00	0	S
+Rule	Zion	2014	only	-	Apr	16	0:00	1:00	D
+Rule	Zion	2014	only	-	Sep	28	0:00	0	S
+Rule	Zion	2015	only	-	Apr	 5	0:00	1:00	D
+Rule	Zion	2015	only	-	Sep	20	0:00	0	S
+Rule	Zion	2016	only	-	Apr	24	0:00	1:00	D
+Rule	Zion	2016	only	-	Oct	 9	0:00	0	S
+Rule	Zion	2017	only	-	Apr	12	0:00	1:00	D
+Rule	Zion	2017	only	-	Sep	24	0:00	0	S
+Rule	Zion	2018	only	-	Apr	 1	0:00	1:00	D
+Rule	Zion	2018	only	-	Sep	16	0:00	0	S
+Rule	Zion	2019	only	-	Apr	21	0:00	1:00	D
+Rule	Zion	2019	only	-	Oct	 6	0:00	0	S
+Rule	Zion	2020	only	-	Apr	10	0:00	1:00	D
+Rule	Zion	2020	only	-	Sep	27	0:00	0	S
+Rule	Zion	2021	only	-	Mar	29	0:00	1:00	D
+Rule	Zion	2021	only	-	Sep	12	0:00	0	S
+Rule	Zion	2022	only	-	Apr	17	0:00	1:00	D
+Rule	Zion	2022	only	-	Oct	 2	0:00	0	S
+Rule	Zion	2023	only	-	Apr	 7	0:00	1:00	D
+Rule	Zion	2023	only	-	Sep	24	0:00	0	S
+Rule	Zion	2024	only	-	Apr	24	0:00	1:00	D
+Rule	Zion	2024	only	-	Oct	 6	0:00	0	S
+Rule	Zion	2025	only	-	Apr	14	0:00	1:00	D
+Rule	Zion	2025	only	-	Sep	28	0:00	0	S
+Rule	Zion	2026	only	-	Apr	 3	0:00	1:00	D
+Rule	Zion	2026	only	-	Sep	20	0:00	0	S
+Rule	Zion	2027	only	-	Apr	23	0:00	1:00	D
+Rule	Zion	2027	only	-	Oct	10	0:00	0	S
+Rule	Zion	2028	only	-	Apr	12	0:00	1:00	D
+Rule	Zion	2028	only	-	Sep	24	0:00	0	S
+Rule	Zion	2029	only	-	Apr	 1	0:00	1:00	D
+Rule	Zion	2029	only	-	Sep	16	0:00	0	S
+Rule	Zion	2030	only	-	Apr	19	0:00	1:00	D
+Rule	Zion	2030	only	-	Oct	 6	0:00	0	S
+Rule	Zion	2031	only	-	Apr	 9	0:00	1:00	D
+Rule	Zion	2031	only	-	Sep	21	0:00	0	S
+Rule	Zion	2032	only	-	Mar	28	0:00	1:00	D
+Rule	Zion	2032	only	-	Sep	12	0:00	0	S
+Rule	Zion	2033	only	-	Apr	15	0:00	1:00	D
+Rule	Zion	2033	only	-	Oct	 2	0:00	0	S
+Rule	Zion	2034	only	-	Apr	 5	0:00	1:00	D
+Rule	Zion	2034	only	-	Sep	17	0:00	0	S
+Rule	Zion	2035	only	-	Apr	25	0:00	1:00	D
+Rule	Zion	2035	only	-	Oct	 7	0:00	0	S
+Rule	Zion	2036	only	-	Apr	13	0:00	1:00	D
+Rule	Zion	2036	only	-	Sep	28	0:00	0	S
+Rule	Zion	2037	only	-	Apr	 1	0:00	1:00	D
+Rule	Zion	2037	only	-	Sep	13	0:00	0	S
 
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Jerusalem	2:20:56 -	LMT	1880
 			2:20:40	-	JMT	1918	# Jerusalem Mean Time?
 			2:00	Zion	I%sT
 
-# From Ephraim Silverberg (2003-03-23):
-#
-# Minister of Interior Poraz has announced that he will respect the law
-# passed in July 2000 (proposed at the time jointly by himself and
-# then-MK David Azulai [Shas]) fixing the dates for 2000-2004.  Hence,
-# the dates for 2003 and 2004 remain unchanged....
-#
-# As far as 2005 and beyond, no dates have been set.  However, the
-# minister has mentioned that he wishes to propose to move Israel's
-# timezone in 2005 from GMT+2 to GMT+3 and upon that have DST during
-# the summer months (i.e. GMT+4).  However, no legislation in this
-# direction is expected until the latter part of 2004 which is a long
-# time off in terms of Israeli politics.
-
-# (2004-09-20):
-# The latest rumour, however, is that in 2005, when the clock changes to
-# Daylight Saving Time (date as yet unknown), the move will be a two-hour leap
-# forward (from UTC+0200 to UTC+0400) and then, in the fall, the clock will
-# move back only an hour to UTC+0300 thus effectively moving Israel's timezone
-# from UTC+0200 to UTC+0300.  However, no actual draft has been put before the
-# Knesset (Israel's Parliament) though the intention is to do so this
-# month [2004-09].
-
-# (2004-09-26):
-# Even though the draft law for the above did pass the Ministerial Committee
-# for Legislative Matters three months ago, it was voted down in today's
-# Cabinet meeting.  The current suggestion is to keep the current timezone at
-# UTC+0200 but have an extended period of Daylight Saving Time (UTC+0300) from
-# the beginning of Passover holiday in the spring to after the Tabernacle
-# holiday in the fall (i.e. the dates of which are governed by the Hebrew
-# calendar but this means at least 184 days of DST).  However, this is only a
-# suggestion that was raised in today's cabinet meeting and has not yet been
-# drafted.
-
 
 
 ###############################################################################
===================================================================
RCS file: RCS/backward,v
retrieving revision 2004.2
retrieving revision 2004.2.0.1
diff -pu -r2004.2 -r2004.2.0.1
--- backward	2004/07/19 18:32:48	2004.2
+++ backward	2005/01/11 22:18:14	2004.2.0.1
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ Link	America/Argentina/Jujuy	America/Juj
 Link	America/Indiana/Knox	America/Knox_IN
 Link	America/Argentina/Mendoza	America/Mendoza
 Link	America/Rio_Branco	America/Porto_Acre
-Link	America/Cordoba		America/Rosario
+Link	America/Argentina/Cordoba	America/Rosario
 Link	America/St_Thomas	America/Virgin
 Link	Asia/Ashgabat		Asia/Ashkhabad
 Link	Asia/Chongqing		Asia/Chungking
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ Link	Australia/Hobart	Australia/Tasmania
 Link	Australia/Melbourne	Australia/Victoria
 Link	Australia/Perth		Australia/West
 Link	Australia/Broken_Hill	Australia/Yancowinna
-Link	America/Porto_Acre	Brazil/Acre
+Link	America/Rio_Branco	Brazil/Acre
 Link	America/Noronha		Brazil/DeNoronha
 Link	America/Sao_Paulo	Brazil/East
 Link	America/Manaus		Brazil/West
@@ -55,10 +55,10 @@ Link	Europe/Dublin		Eire
 Link	Europe/Chisinau		Europe/Tiraspol
 Link	Europe/London		GB
 Link	Europe/London		GB-Eire
-Link	Etc/GMT+0		GMT+0
-Link	Etc/GMT-0		GMT-0
-Link	Etc/GMT0		GMT0
-Link	Etc/Greenwich		Greenwich
+Link	Etc/GMT			GMT+0
+Link	Etc/GMT			GMT-0
+Link	Etc/GMT			GMT0
+Link	Etc/GMT			Greenwich
 Link	Asia/Hong_Kong		Hongkong
 Link	Atlantic/Reykjavik	Iceland
 Link	Asia/Tehran		Iran
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ Link	Africa/Tripoli		Libya
 Link	America/Tijuana		Mexico/BajaNorte
 Link	America/Mazatlan	Mexico/BajaSur
 Link	America/Mexico_City	Mexico/General
-Link	America/Shiprock	Navajo
+Link	America/Denver		Navajo
 Link	Pacific/Auckland	NZ
 Link	Pacific/Chatham		NZ-CHAT
 Link	Pacific/Pago_Pago	Pacific/Samoa
@@ -95,6 +95,6 @@ Link	America/Denver		US/Mountain
 Link	America/Los_Angeles	US/Pacific
 Link	Pacific/Pago_Pago	US/Samoa
 Link	Etc/UTC			UTC
-Link	Etc/Universal		Universal
+Link	Etc/UTC			Universal
 Link	Europe/Moscow		W-SU
-Link	Etc/Zulu		Zulu
+Link	Etc/UTC			Zulu
===================================================================
RCS file: RCS/europe,v
retrieving revision 2004.7
retrieving revision 2004.7.0.1
diff -pu -r2004.7 -r2004.7.0.1
--- europe	2004/11/02 14:05:33	2004.7
+++ europe	2005/01/11 22:18:14	2004.7.0.1
@@ -754,6 +754,11 @@ Zone Atlantic/Faeroe	-0:27:04 -	LMT	1908
 			 0:00	-	WET	1981
 			 0:00	EU	WE%sT
 #
+# From Paul Eggert (2004-10-31):
+# During World War II, Germany maintained secret manned weather stations in
+# East Greenland and Franz Josef Land, but we don't know their time zones.
+# My source for this is Wilhelm Dege's book mentioned under Svalbard.
+#
 # From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22):
 # Greenland joined the EU as part of Denmark, obtained home rule on 1979-05-01,
 # and left the EU on 1985-02-01.  It therefore should have been using EU
@@ -1633,7 +1638,7 @@ Zone	Europe/Oslo	0:43:00 -	LMT	1895 Jan 
 # <http://www.svalbard.com/SvalbardFAQ.html> says that the Germans were
 # expelled on 1942-05-14.  However, small parties of Germans did return,
 # and according to Wilhelm Dege's book "War North of 80" (1954)
-# <http://www.utpress.utoronto.ca/publishing/rights/dege_warnorthof80.htm>
+# <http://www.ucalgary.ca/UofC/departments/UP/1-55238/1-55238-110-2.html>
 # the German armed forces at the Svalbard weather station code-named
 # Haudegen did not surrender to the Allies until September 1945.
 #
===================================================================
RCS file: RCS/northamerica,v
retrieving revision 2004.7
retrieving revision 2004.7.0.1
diff -pu -r2004.7 -r2004.7.0.1
--- northamerica	2004/11/02 14:05:32	2004.7
+++ northamerica	2005/01/11 22:18:14	2004.7.0.1
@@ -208,6 +208,13 @@ Rule	US	1987	max	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:00	1:00	
 # Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, eastern Tennessee,
 # Vermont, Virginia, West Virginia
 
+# From Dave Cantor (2004-11-02):
+# Early this summer I had the occasion to visit the Mount Washington
+# Observatory weather station atop (of course!) Mount Washington [, NH]....
+# One of the staff members said that the station was on Eastern Standard Time
+# and didn't change their clocks for Daylight Saving ... so that their
+# reports will always have times which are 5 hours behind UTC.
+
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER
 Rule	NYC	1920	only	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	NYC	1920	only	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
@@ -355,10 +362,26 @@ Zone America/Adak	 12:13:21 -	LMT	1867 O
 			-11:00	US	B%sT	1983 Oct 30 2:00
 			-10:00	US	AH%sT	1983 Nov 30
 			-10:00	US	HA%sT
+# The following switches don't quite make our 1970 cutoff.
+#
 # Shanks writes that part of southwest Alaska (e.g. Aniak)
 # switched from -11:00 to -10:00 on 1968-09-22 at 02:00,
 # and another part (e.g. Akiak) made the same switch five weeks later.
-# These switches don't quite make our 1970 cutoff.
+#
+# From David Flater (2004-11-09):
+# In e-mail, 2004-11-02, Ray Hudson, historian/liaison to the Unalaska
+# Historic Preservation Commission, provided this information, which
+# suggests that Unalaska deviated from statutory time from early 1967
+# possibly until 1983:
+#
+#  Minutes of the Unalaska City Council Meeting, January 10, 1967:
+#  "Except for St. Paul and Akutan, Unalaska is the only important
+#  location not on Alaska Standard Time.  The following resolution was
+#  made by William Robinson and seconded by Henry Swanson:  Be it
+#  resolved that the City of Unalaska hereby goes to Alaska Standard
+#  Time as of midnight Friday, January 13, 1967 (1 A.M. Saturday,
+#  January 14, Alaska Standard Time.)  This resolution was passed with
+#  three votes for and one against."
 
 # Hawaii
 #
===================================================================
RCS file: RCS/southamerica,v
retrieving revision 2004.7
retrieving revision 2004.7.0.1
diff -pu -r2004.7 -r2004.7.0.1
--- southamerica	2004/11/02 14:05:32	2004.7
+++ southamerica	2005/01/11 22:18:14	2004.7.0.1
@@ -942,9 +942,16 @@ Rule	Para	1998	2001	-	Mar	Sun>=1	0:00	0	
 # A decree was issued in Paraguay (no. 16350) on 2002-02-26 that changed the
 # dst method to be from the first Sunday in September to the first Sunday in
 # April.
-Rule	Para	2002	max	-	Apr	Sun>=1	0:00	0	-
-Rule	Para	2002	max	-	Sep	Sun>=1	0:00	1:00	S
-
+Rule	Para	2002	2004	-	Apr	Sun>=1	0:00	0	-
+Rule	Para	2002	2003	-	Sep	Sun>=1	0:00	1:00	S
+#
+# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2005-01-02):
+# There are several sources that claim that Paraguay made
+# a timezone rule change in autumn 2004.
+# From Steffen Thorsen (2005-01-05):
+# Decree 1,867 (2004-03-05) <http://www.labor.com.py/noticias.asp?id=27>
+Rule	Para	2004	max	-	Oct	Sun>=15	0:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Para	2005	max	-	Mar	Sun>=15	0:00	0	-
 
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone America/Asuncion	-3:50:40 -	LMT	1890
===================================================================
RCS file: RCS/tz-link.htm,v
retrieving revision 2004.5
retrieving revision 2004.5.0.2
diff -pu -r2004.5 -r2004.5.0.2
--- tz-link.htm	2004/10/11 18:44:53	2004.5
+++ tz-link.htm	2005/01/11 22:22:42	2004.5.0.2
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
 <meta http-equiv="Content-type" content='text/html; charset="US-ASCII"' />
 <meta name="DC.Creator" content="Eggert, Paul" />
 <meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Olson, Arthur David" />
-<meta name="DC.Date" content="2004-09-22" />
+<meta name="DC.Date" content="2005-01-11" />
 <meta name="DC.Description"
  content="Sources of information about time zones and daylight saving time" />
 <meta name="DC.Identifier" content="http://www.twinsun.com/tz/tz-link.htm" />
@@ -136,7 +136,9 @@ title="Internet Engineering Task Force">
 Calendaring and Scheduling Working Group (<abbr
 title="Calendaring and Scheduling Working Group">calsch</abbr>)</a>
 covers time zone
-data; see its VTIMEZONE calendar component.</li>
+data; see its VTIMEZONE calendar component.
+The <a href='http://www.calconnect.org/'>Calendaring and Scheduling
+Consortium</a> is promoting further work in this area.</li>
 <li>The <a
 href="http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/www-rdf-calendar/">www-rdf-calendar</a>
 list discusses <a
@@ -157,7 +159,7 @@ definition that corresponded to iCalenda
 </ul>
 <h2>Other <code>tz</code> compilers</h2>
 <ul>
-<li><a href="http://www.dachaplin.dsl.pipex.com/vzic">Vzic iCalendar
+<li><a href="http://dialspace.dial.pipex.com/prod/dialspace/town/pipexdsl/s/asbm26/vzic/">Vzic iCalendar
 Timezone Converter</a> describes a program Vzic that compiles
 <code>tz</code> source into iCalendar-compatible VTIMEZONE files.
 Vzic is freely
@@ -222,6 +224,9 @@ Java-specific format.</li>
 href="http://www1.tip.nl/~t876506/AboutTimeZonesHC.html">HyperCard
 time zones calculator</a> is a HyperCard stack.</li>
 <li><a
+href="http://www.veladesigngroup.com/velaterra.html">VelaTerra</a> is
+a Mac OS X program.</li>
+<li><a
 href="http://www.cimmyt.org/timezone/">World Time Explorer</a> is a
 Microsoft Windows program.</li>
 </ul>
@@ -243,10 +248,7 @@ is another time zone database.</li>
 contains data from the Time Service Department of the
 <abbr>US</abbr> Naval Observatory, used as the source
 for the <code>usno*</code> files in the <code>tz</code> distribution.</li>
-<li><a href="http://www.airportcitycodes.com/aaa/">Airlines, Airplanes
-and Airports</a> lists current standard times for thousands of
-airports around the world. This seems to be derived from
-the <a href="http://www.iata.org/ps/publications/9179.htm">Standard
+<li>The <a href="http://www.iata.org/ps/publications/9179.htm">Standard
 Schedules Information Manual</a> of the
 the <a href="http://www.iata.org/">International Air Transport
 Association</a>,
@@ -299,7 +301,8 @@ Time Zones and Time Zone Data</a>.</li>
 </ul>
 <h2>Civil time concepts and history</h2>
 <ul>
-<li><a href="http://physics.nist.gov/time">A Walk through Time</a>
+<li><a href="http://physics.nist.gov/GenInt/Time/time.html">A
+Walk through Time</a>
 surveys the evolution of timekeeping.</li>
 <li><a href="http://webexhibits.org/daylightsaving/">About Daylight
 Saving Time - History, rationale, laws &amp; dates</a>
@@ -447,7 +450,7 @@ title="Global Positioning System">GPS</a
 (1999-11), 50&ndash;57 and discussed further in R. A. Nelson et al.,
 <a href="http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~mgk25/time/metrologia-leapsecond.pdf">The
 leap second: its history and possible future</a>,
-<a href="http://www.bipm.fr/metrologia/metrologia.html">Metrologia</a>
+<a href="http://www.bipm.fr/metrologia/">Metrologia</a>
 <strong>38</strong> (2001), 509&ndash;529.
 <a href="http://www.ucolick.org/~sla/leapsecs/onlinebib.html">The
 Future of Leap Seconds</a> catalogs information about this
@@ -459,12 +462,11 @@ contentious issue.</li>
 <a href="http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~mgk25/iso-time.html">A Summary of
 the International Standard Date and Time Notation</a> is a good
 summary of
-<abbr title="International Organization for Standardization">ISO</abbr>
-8601:1988 - Data elements and interchange formats - Information interchange
-- Representation of dates and times (which has been superseded by
 <a
-href="http://www.iso.org/iso/en/CatalogueDetailPage.CatalogueDetail?CSNUMBER=26780"><abbr>ISO</abbr>
-8601:2000</a>).</li>
+href="http://www.iso.org/iso/en/CatalogueDetailPage.CatalogueDetail?CSNUMBER=40874"><abbr
+title="International Organization for Standardization">ISO</abbr>
+8601:2004 -- Data elements and interchange formats -- Information
+interchange -- Representation of dates and times</a>.</li>
 <li>
 Section 3.3 of <a
 href="ftp://ftp.rfc-editor.org/in-notes/rfc2822.txt">Internet
@@ -482,7 +484,7 @@ protocols.</li>
 Best of Dates, the Worst of Dates</a> covers many problems encountered
 by software developers when handling dates and time stamps.</li>
 <li><a
-href="http://oss.software.ibm.com/cvs/icu/~checkout~/icuhtml/design/formatting/time_zone_localization.html">Time
+href="http://oss.software.ibm.com/cvs/icu/~checkout~/locale/docs/design/formatting/time_zone_localization.html">Time
 Zone Localization</a> is a proposed mechanism for localizing time zone
 labels and abbreviations; for example, one might use it to specify
 Russian translations for "Eastern European Summer Time",

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