[tz] LMT in Moscow before 1919, Kilometre Zero point

Paul Eggert eggert at cs.ucla.edu
Wed Jul 9 02:28:57 UTC 2014


Thanks for those corrections; that area had been using unreliable data 
from Shanks & Pottenger.  Your email prompted me to dust off my copy of 
Milne and fix similar problems in some other parts of Russia, and I 
installed the attached patch to the experimental version of the tz 
database on Github; it should reflect your comments.
-------------- next part --------------
From 81ee353cdded952231de5c4901d3fdadb92039c4 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Paul Eggert <eggert at cs.ucla.edu>
Date: Tue, 8 Jul 2014 19:23:04 -0700
Subject: [PATCH] Correct time in Russia before 1927 or so.

(Thanks to Vladimir Karpinsky for the Moscow corrections.)
Other corrections are taken from Milne 1899.
* asia (Asia/Tbilisi): Change LMT from 2:59:16 to 2:59:06.
(Asia/Tashkent): Change LMT from 4:37:12 to 4:37:11.
* europe (Europe/Helsinki): Change LMT from 1:39:52 to 1:39:49.
(Europe/Riga): Change LMT from 1:36:24 to 1:36:28.
(Europe/Moscow): Change LMT from 2:30:20 to 2:30:17.
Change 1916/9 time from 2:30:48 to 2:31:19.
(Asia/Yekaterinburg): Change LMT from 4:02:24 to 4:02:33.
(Asia/Irkutsk): Change LMT from 6:57:20 to 6:57:15.
(Asia/Vladivostok): Change LMT from 8:47:44 to 8:47:34.
* zone.tab (Europe/Moscow): Use Kilometer 0 point.
* NEWS: Document this.
---
 NEWS     |  6 ++++++
 asia     |  8 +++++---
 europe   | 61 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++---------------
 zone.tab |  2 +-
 4 files changed, 58 insertions(+), 19 deletions(-)

diff --git a/NEWS b/NEWS
index 9038de1..82c83c9 100644
--- a/NEWS
+++ b/NEWS
@@ -71,6 +71,12 @@ Unreleased, experimental changes
     Finland's 1942 fall-back transition was October 4 at 01:00, not
     October 3 at 00:00.  (Thanks to Konstantin Hyppönen.)
 
+    Time in Russia before 1927 or so has been corrected by a few seconds in
+    the following zones: Europe/Moscow, Asia/Irkutsk, Asia/Tbilisi,
+    Asia/Tashkent, Asia/Vladivostok, Asia/Yekaterinburg, Europe/Helsinki, and
+    Europe/Riga.  Also, Moscow's location has been changed to its Kilometer 0
+    point.  (Thanks to Vladimir Karpinsky for the Moscow changes.)
+
   New link name
 
     New link Indian/Alfred_Faure for the Crozet Islands and the
diff --git a/asia b/asia
index d396111..4d9faeb 100644
--- a/asia
+++ b/asia
@@ -823,10 +823,11 @@ Link	Asia/Nicosia	Europe/Nicosia
 # I don't know what can be done, especially knowing that some years ago our
 # DST rules where changed THREE TIMES during one month.
 
+# Milne says Tbilisi (Tiflis) time was 2:59:05.7; round to nearest.)
 
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	Asia/Tbilisi	2:59:16 -	LMT	1880
-			2:59:16	-	TBMT	1924 May  2 # Tbilisi Mean Time
+Zone	Asia/Tbilisi	2:59:06 -	LMT	1880
+			2:59:06	-	TBMT	1924 May  2 # Tbilisi Mean Time
 			3:00	-	TBIT	1957 Mar    # Tbilisi Time
 			4:00 RussiaAsia TBI%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
 			3:00	1:00	TBIST	1991 Apr  9 # independence
@@ -2739,7 +2740,8 @@ Zone	Asia/Samarkand	4:27:12 -	LMT	1924 May  2
 			5:00 RussiaAsia	SAM%sT	1991 Sep  1 # independence
 			5:00 RussiaAsia	UZ%sT	1992
 			5:00	-	UZT
-Zone	Asia/Tashkent	4:37:12 -	LMT	1924 May  2
+# Milne says Tashkent was 4:37:10.8; round to nearest.
+Zone	Asia/Tashkent	4:37:11 -	LMT	1924 May  2
 			5:00	-	TAST	1930 Jun 21 # Tashkent Time
 			6:00 RussiaAsia	TAS%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00
 			5:00 RussiaAsia	TAS%sT	1991 Sep  1 # independence
diff --git a/europe b/europe
index d120bef..3323a19 100644
--- a/europe
+++ b/europe
@@ -1085,9 +1085,13 @@ Rule	Finland	1942	only	-	Apr	2	24:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Finland	1942	only	-	Oct	4	1:00	0	-
 Rule	Finland	1981	1982	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Finland	1981	1982	-	Sep	lastSun	3:00	0	-
+
+# Milne says Helsinki (Helsingfors) time was 1:39:49.2 (official document);
+# round to nearest.
+
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	Europe/Helsinki	1:39:52 -	LMT	1878 May 31
-			1:39:52	-	HMT	1921 May    # Helsinki Mean Time
+Zone	Europe/Helsinki	1:39:49 -	LMT	1878 May 31
+			1:39:49	-	HMT	1921 May    # Helsinki Mean Time
 			2:00	Finland	EE%sT	1983
 			2:00	EU	EE%sT
 
@@ -1525,13 +1529,16 @@ Link	Europe/Rome	Europe/San_Marino
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Latvia	1989	1996	-	Mar	lastSun	 2:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Latvia	1989	1996	-	Sep	lastSun	 2:00s	0	-
+
+# Milne says Riga time was 1:36:28 (Polytechnique House time).
+
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	Europe/Riga	1:36:24	-	LMT	1880
-			1:36:24	-	RMT	1918 Apr 15 2:00 #Riga Mean Time
-			1:36:24	1:00	LST	1918 Sep 16 3:00 #Latvian Summer
-			1:36:24	-	RMT	1919 Apr  1 2:00
-			1:36:24	1:00	LST	1919 May 22 3:00
-			1:36:24	-	RMT	1926 May 11
+Zone	Europe/Riga	1:36:28	-	LMT	1880
+			1:36:28	-	RMT	1918 Apr 15 2:00 #Riga Mean Time
+			1:36:28	1:00	LST	1918 Sep 16 3:00 #Latvian Summer
+			1:36:28	-	RMT	1919 Apr  1 2:00
+			1:36:28	1:00	LST	1919 May 22 3:00
+			1:36:28	-	RMT	1926 May 11
 			2:00	-	EET	1940 Aug  5
 			3:00	-	MSK	1941 Jul
 			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1944 Oct 13
@@ -2232,9 +2239,27 @@ Zone Europe/Kaliningrad	 1:22:00 -	LMT	1893 Apr
 # 78	RU-SPE 	Saint Petersburg
 # 83	RU-NEN 	Nenets Autonomous Okrug
 
-Zone Europe/Moscow	 2:30:20 -	LMT	1880
-			 2:30	-	MMT	1916 Jul  3 # Moscow Mean Time
-			 2:30:48 Russia	%s	1919 Jul  1 2:00
+# From Vladimir Karpinsky (2017-07-08):
+# LMT in Moscow (before Jul 3, 1916) is 2:30:17, that was defined by Moscow
+# Observatory (coordinates: 55 deg. 45'29.70", 37 deg. 34'05.30")....
+# LMT in Moscow since Jul 3, 1916 is 2:31:01 as a result of new standard.
+# (The info is from the book by Byalokoz E.L. New Counting of Time in Russia
+# since July 1, 1919, p. 18.)  The time in St. Petersburg as capital of Russia
+# was defined by Pulkov observatory, near St. Petersburg.  In 1916 LMT Moscow
+# was synchronized with LMT St. Petersburg (+30 minutes), (Pulkov observatory
+# coordinates: 59 deg. 46'18.70", 30 deg. 19'40.70") so 30 deg. 19'40.70" >
+# 2h01m18.7s = 2:01:19.  LMT Moscow = LMT St.Petersburg + 30m 2:01:19 + 0:30 =
+# 2:31:19 ...
+#
+# From Paul Eggert (2017-07-08):
+# Milne does not list Moscow, but suggests that its time might be listed in
+# Résumés mensuels et annuels des observations météorologiques (1895).
+# Presumably this is OCLC 85825704, a journal published with parallel text in
+# Russian and French.  This source has not been located; go with Karpinsky.
+
+Zone Europe/Moscow	 2:30:17 -	LMT	1880
+			 2:30:17 -	MMT	1916 Jul  3 # Moscow Mean Time
+			 2:31:19 Russia	%s	1919 Jul  1 2:00
 			 3:00	Russia	%s	1921 Oct
 			 3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1922 Oct
 			 2:00	-	EET	1930 Jun 21
@@ -2342,7 +2367,9 @@ Zone Europe/Samara	 3:20:36 -	LMT	1919 Jul  1 2:00
 # Note: Effective 2005-12-01, (59) Perm Oblast and (81) Komi-Permyak
 # Autonomous Okrug merged to form (90, RU-PER) Perm Krai.
 
-Zone Asia/Yekaterinburg	 4:02:24 -	LMT	1919 Jul 15 4:00
+# Milne says Yekaterinburg time was 4:02:32.9; round to nearest.
+
+Zone Asia/Yekaterinburg	 4:02:33 -	LMT	1919 Jul 15 4:00
 			 4:00	-	SVET	1930 Jun 21 # Sverdlovsk Time
 			 5:00	Russia	SVE%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
 			 4:00	Russia	SVE%sT	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
@@ -2450,8 +2477,10 @@ Zone Asia/Krasnoyarsk	 6:11:20 -	LMT	1920 Jan  6
 # Note: Effective 2008-01-01, (85) Ust-Orda Buryat Autonomous Okrug was
 # merged into (38, RU-IRK) Irkutsk Oblast.
 
-Zone Asia/Irkutsk	 6:57:20 -	LMT	1880
-			 6:57:20 -	IMT	1920 Jan 25 # Irkutsk Mean Time
+# Milne says Irkutsk time was 6:57:15.
+
+Zone Asia/Irkutsk	 6:57:15 -	LMT	1880
+			 6:57:15 -	IMT	1920 Jan 25 # Irkutsk Mean Time
 			 7:00	-	IRKT	1930 Jun 21 # Irkutsk Time
 			 8:00	Russia	IRK%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
 			 7:00	Russia	IRK%sT	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
@@ -2535,7 +2564,9 @@ Zone Asia/Yakutsk	 8:38:40 -	LMT	1919 Dec 15
 # 14-09	****	Verkhoyansky District
 # 14-31	****	Ust-Yansky District
 
-Zone Asia/Vladivostok	 8:47:44 -	LMT	1922 Nov 15
+# Milne says Vladivostok time was 8:47:33.5; round to nearest.
+
+Zone Asia/Vladivostok	 8:47:34 -	LMT	1922 Nov 15
 			 9:00	-	VLAT	1930 Jun 21 # Vladivostok Time
 			10:00	Russia	VLA%sT	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
 			 9:00	Russia	VLA%sT	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
diff --git a/zone.tab b/zone.tab
index cac4a26..e29778c 100644
--- a/zone.tab
+++ b/zone.tab
@@ -338,7 +338,7 @@ RE	-2052+05528	Indian/Reunion
 RO	+4426+02606	Europe/Bucharest
 RS	+4450+02030	Europe/Belgrade
 RU	+5443+02030	Europe/Kaliningrad	Moscow-01 - Kaliningrad
-RU	+5545+03735	Europe/Moscow	Moscow+00 - west Russia
+RU	+554521+0373704	Europe/Moscow	Moscow+00 - west Russia
 RU	+4457+03406	Europe/Simferopol	Moscow+00 - Crimea
 RU	+4844+04425	Europe/Volgograd	Moscow+00 - Caspian Sea
 RU	+5312+05009	Europe/Samara	Moscow+00 (Moscow+01 after 2014-10-26) - Samara, Udmurtia
-- 
1.9.1



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