[tz] Finnish daylight saving time 1942

Paul Eggert eggert at cs.ucla.edu
Sun Jun 15 02:38:22 UTC 2014


Thanks for that correction.  I applied the attached patches to the 
experimental version of the tz database, and they should appear in the 
next release.

The fix for Finland in 1942 is in the 4th attached patch.  Your 
contribution prompted me to finish an item in my todo list, namely to 
allow commentary containing non-ASCII characters in the data, such as 
the "ö" in your name.  This feature has been requested multiple times 
and your contribution was the last straw.  The first three of the 
attached patches implement the support for UTF-8 characters.

I've attempted to correct existing commentary that had accents stripped 
as part of ASCIIfication.   No doubt I've missed some fixes; further 
corrections are welcome.
-------------- next part --------------
From 1f8eea5374ed7f50bb31ca658d12ec1006ecf5ff Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Paul Eggert <eggert at cs.ucla.edu>
Date: Sat, 14 Jun 2014 16:36:18 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 1/4] Allow non-ASCII characters in the commentary.

* Makefile (INVALID_CHAR1): Rename to SAFE_CHARSET1.
(INVALID_CHAR2): Rename to SAFE_CHARSET2.
(INVALID_CHAR3): Rename to SAFE_CHARSET3.
(INVALID_CHAR): Remove.
(SAFE_CHARSET, SAFE_CHAR, SAFE_LINE, SAFE_SHARP_LINE, VALID_LINE):
New macros.
(check_character_set): Allow any UTF-8 character in some contexts,
including comments in the data, and in some auxiliary commentary files.
---
 Makefile | 29 ++++++++++++++++++++++-------
 1 file changed, 22 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-)

diff --git a/Makefile b/Makefile
index 2c80fdd..eda63d7 100644
--- a/Makefile
+++ b/Makefile
@@ -266,16 +266,27 @@ VALIDATE_ENV = \
   SP_CHARSET_FIXED=YES \
   SP_ENCODING=UTF-8
 
-# INVALID_CHAR is a regular expression that matches invalid characters in
-# distributed files.  For now, stick to a safe subset of ASCII.
+# SAFE_CHAR is a regular expression that matches a safe character.
+# Some parts of this distribution are limited to safe characters;
+# others can use any UTF-8 character.
+# For now, the safe characters are a safe subset of ASCII.
 # The caller must set the shell variable 'sharp' to the character '#',
 # since Makefile macros cannot contain '#'.
 # TAB_CHAR is a single tab character, in single quotes.
 TAB_CHAR=	'	'
-INVALID_CHAR1=	$(TAB_CHAR)' !\"'$$sharp'$$%&'\''()*+,./0123456789:;<=>?@'
-INVALID_CHAR2=	'ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\\^_`'
-INVALID_CHAR3=	'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~'
-INVALID_CHAR=	'[^]'$(INVALID_CHAR1)$(INVALID_CHAR2)$(INVALID_CHAR3)'-]'
+SAFE_CHARSET1=	$(TAB_CHAR)' !\"'$$sharp'$$%&'\''()*+,./0123456789:;<=>?@'
+SAFE_CHARSET2=	'ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\\^_`'
+SAFE_CHARSET3=	'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~'
+SAFE_CHARSET=	]$(SAFE_CHARSET1)$(SAFE_CHARSET2)$(SAFE_CHARSET3)-
+SAFE_CHAR=	'['$(SAFE_CHARSET)']'
+
+# SAFE_LINE matches a line of safe characters.
+# SAFE_SHARP_LINE is similar, except any character can follow '#';
+# this is so that comments can contain non-ASCII characters.
+# VALID_LINE matches a line of any validly-encoded characters.
+SAFE_LINE=	'^'$(SAFE_CHAR)'*$$'
+SAFE_SHARP_LINE='^'$(SAFE_CHAR)'*('$$sharp'.*)?$$'
+VALID_LINE=	'^.*$$'
 
 # Flags to give 'tar' when making a distribution.
 # Try to use flags appropriate for GNU tar.
@@ -434,7 +445,11 @@ tzselect:	tzselect.ksh
 check:		check_character_set check_tables check_web
 
 check_character_set: $(ENCHILADA)
-		sharp='#'; ! grep -n $(INVALID_CHAR) $(ENCHILADA)
+		LC_ALL=en_US.utf8 && export LC_ALL && \
+		sharp='#' && \
+		! grep -Env $(SAFE_LINE) $(MANS) date.1 $(MISC) $(SOURCES) && \
+		! grep -Env $(SAFE_SHARP_LINE) Makefile $(DATA) && \
+		! grep -Env $(VALID_LINE) $(ENCHILADA)
 
 check_tables:	checktab.awk $(PRIMARY_YDATA)
 		$(AWK) -f checktab.awk $(PRIMARY_YDATA)
-- 
1.9.1
-------------- next part --------------
From 7587516fbb871c54d229fd37e72e4664cc301b92 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Paul Eggert <eggert at cs.ucla.edu>
Date: Sat, 14 Jun 2014 17:19:27 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 2/4] Change web page encoding from US-ASCII to UTF-8.
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

* Makefile (DOCS): Move $(WEB_PAGES) here ...
(MISC): ... from here, so that they can contain UTF-8.
* tz-art.htm, tz-link.htm: Switch to UTF-8 encoding.
Prefer UTF-8 to HTML entities, e.g., prefer '–' to '&ndash;'.
---
 Makefile    |  6 +++---
 tz-art.htm  |  6 +++---
 tz-link.htm | 40 ++++++++++++++++++++--------------------
 3 files changed, 26 insertions(+), 26 deletions(-)

diff --git a/Makefile b/Makefile
index eda63d7..17df149 100644
--- a/Makefile
+++ b/Makefile
@@ -325,7 +325,8 @@ MANTXTS=	newctime.3.txt newstrftime.3.txt newtzset.3.txt \
 			tzfile.5.txt tzselect.8.txt zic.8.txt zdump.8.txt \
 			date.1.txt
 COMMON=		Makefile README
-DOCS=		NEWS Theory $(MANS) date.1 $(MANTXTS)
+WEB_PAGES=	tz-art.htm tz-link.htm
+DOCS=		NEWS Theory $(MANS) date.1 $(MANTXTS) $(WEB_PAGES)
 PRIMARY_YDATA=	africa antarctica asia australasia \
 		europe northamerica southamerica
 YDATA=		$(PRIMARY_YDATA) pacificnew etcetera backward
@@ -335,10 +336,9 @@ TABDATA=	iso3166.tab zone.tab leapseconds
 LEAP_DEPS=	leapseconds.awk leap-seconds.list
 DATA=		$(YDATA) $(NDATA) $(TABDATA) \
 			$(LEAP_DEPS) yearistype.sh
-WEB_PAGES=	tz-art.htm tz-link.htm
 AWK_SCRIPTS=	checktab.awk leapseconds.awk
 MISC=		usno1988 usno1989 usno1989a usno1995 usno1997 usno1998 \
-			$(WEB_PAGES) $(AWK_SCRIPTS) workman.sh \
+			$(AWK_SCRIPTS) workman.sh \
 			zoneinfo2tdf.pl
 ENCHILADA=	$(COMMON) $(DOCS) $(SOURCES) $(DATA) $(MISC)
 
diff --git a/tz-art.htm b/tz-art.htm
index 4dc097a..bf44429 100644
--- a/tz-art.htm
+++ b/tz-art.htm
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN"
 "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/strict.dtd">
 <html>
 <head>
-<meta http-equiv="Content-type" content='text/html; charset="US-ASCII"'>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-type" content='text/html; charset="UTF-8"'>
 <title>Time and the Arts</title>
 </head>
 <body>
@@ -457,8 +457,8 @@ May, 1999 episode of the syndicated television series "Baywatch")
 <li>
 "A fundamental belief held by Americans is that if you are on land, you
 cannot be killed by a fish...So most Americans remain on land, believing
-they're safe. Unfortunately, this belief&mdash;like so many myths, such as that
-there's a reason for 'Daylight Saving Time'&mdash;is false."
+they're safe. Unfortunately, this belief—like so many myths, such as that
+there's a reason for 'Daylight Saving Time'—is false."
 (Dave Barry column, 2000-07-02)
 </li>
 <li>
diff --git a/tz-link.htm b/tz-link.htm
index 72dd2ac..5d06976 100644
--- a/tz-link.htm
+++ b/tz-link.htm
@@ -5,10 +5,10 @@
 <head>
 <title>Sources for Time Zone and Daylight Saving Time Data</title>
 <link rel="schema.DC" href="http://purl.org/DC/elements/1.1/">
-<meta http-equiv="Content-type" content='text/html; charset="US-ASCII"'>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-type" content='text/html; charset="UTF-8"'>
 <meta name="DC.Creator" content="Eggert, Paul">
 <meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Olson, Arthur David">
-<meta name="DC.Date" content="2014-06-04">
+<meta name="DC.Date" content="2014-06-14">
 <meta name="DC.Description"
  content="Sources of information about time zones and daylight saving time">
 <meta name="DC.Identifier"
@@ -175,7 +175,7 @@ Converter</a>
 uses a pulldown menu.</li>
 <li><a href="http://home.kpn.nl/vanadovv/time/TZworld.html">Complete
 timezone information for all countries</a> displays tables of DST rules.
-<li><a href="http://timeanddate.com/worldclock/">The World Clock &ndash;
+<li><a href="http://timeanddate.com/worldclock/">The World Clock –
 Time Zones</a> lets you sort zone names and convert times.</li>
 <li><a href="http://permatime.com/">Permatime</a> generates and views
 links that refer to a particular point in time and can be displayed in
@@ -245,7 +245,7 @@ available under the <a
 href="http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/gpl.html"><abbr>GNU</abbr>
 General Public License (<abbr
 title="General Public License">GPL</abbr>)</a>.</li>
-<li><a href="http://sourceforge.net/projects/tzical">tziCal &ndash; tz
+<li><a href="http://sourceforge.net/projects/tzical">tziCal – tz
 database conversion utility</a> is like Vzic, except for the <a
 href="http://msdn.microsoft.com/netframework">.NET framework</a>.</li>
 <li><a
@@ -268,13 +268,13 @@ and from <abbr title="Common Locale Data Repository">CLDR</abbr> data
 into an <abbr>ICU</abbr>-specific format.
 <abbr>ICU</abbr> is freely available under a
 <abbr>BSD</abbr>-style license.</li>
-<li><a href="http://www.joda.org/joda-time/">Joda Time &ndash; Java date
+<li><a href="http://www.joda.org/joda-time/">Joda Time – Java date
 and time <abbr title="Application Program Interface">API</abbr></a>
 contains a class
 <code>org.joda.time.tz.ZoneInfoCompiler</code> that compiles
 <code><abbr>tz</abbr></code> source into a Joda-specific binary format. Joda Time
 is freely available under a <abbr>BSD</abbr>-style license.</li>
-<li><a href="http://nodatime.org/">Noda Time &ndash; Date and time API for
+<li><a href="http://nodatime.org/">Noda Time – Date and time API for
 .NET</a> and <a href="http://www.babiej.demon.nl/Tz4Net/main.htm">TZ4Net</a>
 are similar to Joda Time, but for the .NET framework instead of
 Java. They are freely available under the
@@ -285,11 +285,11 @@ is a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JavaScript">JavaScript</a>
 library that parses <code><abbr>tz</abbr></code> source files and interprets time
 stamps using an API that is upward compatible with standard JavaScript
 Dates. It is freely available under the Apache License.</li>
-<li><a href="http://pytz.sourceforge.net">pytz &ndash; World Timezone
+<li><a href="http://pytz.sourceforge.net">pytz – World Timezone
 Definitions for Python</a> compiles <code><abbr>tz</abbr></code> source into
 <a href="http://python.org/">Python</a>.
 It is freely available under a <abbr>BSD</abbr>-style license.</li>
-<li><a href="http://tzinfo.github.io/">TZInfo &ndash;
+<li><a href="http://tzinfo.github.io/">TZInfo –
 Ruby Timezone Library</a>
 compiles <code><abbr>tz</abbr></code> source into
 <a href="http://www.ruby-lang.org/en/">Ruby</a>.
@@ -409,7 +409,7 @@ gives current time zone rules for airports served by commercial aviation.</li>
 an undocumented format, with <abbr>ID</abbr>s that can be mapped to
 <code><abbr>TZ</abbr></code> values using the <a
 href="http://unicode.org/cldr/charts/supplemental/zone_tzid.html">Zone
-&rarr; Tzid table</a> in the <abbr>CLDR</abbr> data mentioned
+→ Tzid table</a> in the <abbr>CLDR</abbr> data mentioned
 below, or via <a href="http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/apps">Windows
 Store apps</a> classes such as <a
 href="http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/apps/dn264145.aspx">DateTimeFormatter</a>.</li>
@@ -422,7 +422,7 @@ title="Central Intelligence Agency">CIA</abbr>)</a> publishes a <a
 href="https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/graphics/ref_maps/physical/pdf/standard_time_zones_of_the_world.pdf">time
 zone map</a>; the
 <a
-href="http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/world.html">Perry-Casta&ntilde;eda
+href="http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/world.html">Perry–Castañeda
 Library Map Collection</a>
 of the University of Texas at Austin has copies of
 recent editions.
@@ -470,10 +470,10 @@ Time Zones and Time Zone Data</a>.</li>
 <li>A ship within the <a
 href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territorial_waters">territorial
 waters</a> of any nation uses that nation's time. In international
-waters, time zone boundaries are meridians 15&deg; apart, except that
-<abbr>UTC</abbr>&minus;12 and <abbr>UTC</abbr>+12 are each 7.5&deg;
+waters, time zone boundaries are meridians 15° apart, except that
+<abbr>UTC</abbr>−12 and <abbr>UTC</abbr>+12 are each 7.5°
 wide and are separated by
-the 180&deg; meridian (not by the International Date Line, which is
+the 180° meridian (not by the International Date Line, which is
 for land and territorial waters only). A captain can change ship's
 clocks any time after entering a new time zone; midnight changes are
 common.</li>
@@ -484,7 +484,7 @@ common.</li>
 Walk through Time</a>
 surveys the evolution of timekeeping.</li>
 <li><a href="http://webexhibits.org/daylightsaving/">About Daylight
-Saving Time &ndash; History, rationale, laws &amp; dates</a>
+Saving Time – History, rationale, laws &amp; dates</a>
 is an overall history of <abbr>DST</abbr>.</li>
 <li><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/timezone/">Working with Time Zones</a>
 contains guidelines and best practices for software applications that
@@ -618,7 +618,7 @@ code for converting among time scales like
 <abbr>TDB</abbr>, <abbr>TDT</abbr> and
 <abbr>UTC</abbr>.</li>
 <li><a href="http://www2.jpl.nasa.gov/basics/bsf2-3.php">Basics of
-Space Flight &ndash; Reference Systems &ndash; Time Conventions</a>
+Space Flight – Reference Systems – Time Conventions</a>
 briefly explains interplanetary space flight timekeeping.</li>
 <li><a
 href="http://www.giss.nasa.gov/tools/mars24/help/notes.html">Technical
@@ -669,15 +669,15 @@ summary of
 <a
 href="http://www.iso.org/iso/catalogue_detail?csnumber=40874"><abbr
 title="International Organization for Standardization">ISO</abbr>
-8601:2004 &ndash; Data elements and interchange formats &ndash; Information
-interchange &ndash; Representation of dates and times</a>.</li>
+8601:2004 – Data elements and interchange formats – Information
+interchange – Representation of dates and times</a>.</li>
 <li>
 <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#dateTime"><abbr>XML</abbr>
-Schema: Datatypes &ndash; dateTime</a> specifies a format inspired by
+Schema: Datatypes – dateTime</a> specifies a format inspired by
 <abbr>ISO</abbr> 8601 that is in common use in <abbr>XML</abbr> data.</li>
 <li>
 <a href="http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5322">Internet
-Message Format</a> (Internet <abbr>RFC</abbr> 5322) &sect;3.3
+Message Format</a> (Internet <abbr>RFC</abbr> 5322) §3.3
 specifies the time notation used in email and <a
 href="http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2616"><abbr>HTTP</abbr></a>
 headers.</li>
@@ -727,7 +727,7 @@ is called "<abbr>GMT</abbr>".</li>
 <h2>Related indexes</h2>
 <ul>
 <li><a href="tz-art.htm">Time and the Arts</a></li>
-<li><a href="http://www.dmoz.org/Reference/Time/">Open Directory &ndash;
+<li><a href="http://www.dmoz.org/Reference/Time/">Open Directory –
 Reference: Time</a></li>
 <li><a href="http://dir.yahoo.com/Science/Measurements_and_Units/Time">Yahoo!
 Directory &gt; Science &gt; Measurements and Units &gt; Time</a></li>
-- 
1.9.1
-------------- next part --------------
From 41c79956c343b1281836a3f76ea9ca27c9a5f26a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Paul Eggert <eggert at cs.ucla.edu>
Date: Sat, 14 Jun 2014 18:54:09 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 3/4] Now that we can use UTF-8, restore accents that ASCII
 lost.

* NEWS, Theory, africa, europe, northamerica, southamerica:
Don't insist on ASCII when normal English usage would have
accented words.
---
 NEWS         | 17 +++++++++++++----
 Theory       | 24 ++++++++++++------------
 africa       | 10 +++++-----
 europe       | 53 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++---------------------------
 northamerica | 32 ++++++++++++++++----------------
 southamerica | 14 +++++++-------
 6 files changed, 79 insertions(+), 71 deletions(-)

diff --git a/NEWS b/NEWS
index f437c04..e789d40 100644
--- a/NEWS
+++ b/NEWS
@@ -1,5 +1,14 @@
 News for the tz database
 
+Unreleased, experimental changes
+
+  Changes affecting commentary
+
+    Commentary now uses UTF-8 instead of US-ASCII, allowing the use of
+    proper accents in foreign words and names.  Code and data have not
+    changed.
+
+
 Release 2014e - 2014-06-12 21:53:52 -0700
 
   Changes affecting near-future time stamps
@@ -140,9 +149,9 @@ Release 2014a - 2014-03-07 23:30:29 -0800
     The boundary of the US Pacific time zone is given more accurately.
     (Thanks to Alan Mintz.)
 
-    Chile's 2014 DST will be as predicted.  (Thanks to Jose Miguel Garrido.)
+    Chile's 2014 DST will be as predicted.  (Thanks to José Miguel Garrido.)
 
-    Paraguay's 2014 DST will be as predicted.  (Thanks to Carlos Raul Perasso.)
+    Paraguay's 2014 DST will be as predicted.  (Thanks to Carlos Raúl Perasso.)
 
     Better descriptions of countries with same time zone history as
     Trinidad and Tobago since 1970.  (Thanks to Alan Barrett for suggestion.)
@@ -165,7 +174,7 @@ Release 2014a - 2014-03-07 23:30:29 -0800
 
       Mention the timezone-olson Haskell package.
 
-      Mention zeitverschiebung.net.  (Thanks to Martin Jaeger.)
+      Mention zeitverschiebung.net.  (Thanks to Martin Jäger.)
 
       Remove moribund links to daylight-savings-time.info and to
       Simple Timer + Clocks.
@@ -627,7 +636,7 @@ Release 2013c - 2013-04-19 16:17:40 -0700
 
     Assume that the recent change to Paraguay's DST rules is permanent,
     by moving the end of DST to the 4th Sunday in March every year.
-    (Thanks to Carlos Raul Perasso.)
+    (Thanks to Carlos Raúl Perasso.)
 
   Changes affecting past time stamps:
 
diff --git a/Theory b/Theory
index 0b02ddc..e60bf99 100644
--- a/Theory
+++ b/Theory
@@ -431,7 +431,7 @@ in decreasing order of importance:
 		locations into different time zones.  E.g. prefer 'Paris'
 		to 'France', since France has had multiple time zones.
 	Use mainstream English spelling, e.g. prefer 'Rome' to 'Roma', and
-		prefer 'Athens' to the true name (which uses Greek letters).
+		prefer 'Athens' to the Greek 'Αθήνα' or the Romanized 'Athína'.
 		The POSIX file name restrictions encourage this rule.
 	Use the most populous among locations in a zone,
 		e.g. prefer 'Shanghai' to 'Beijing'.  Among locations with
@@ -606,9 +606,9 @@ Then in 1753, Sweden made the transition to Gregorian in the usual manner,
 getting there only 13 years behind the original schedule.
 
 (A previous posting of this story was challenged, and Swedish readers
-produced the following references to support it: "Tiderakning och historia"
-by Natanael Beckman (1924) and "Tid, en bok om tiderakning och
-kalendervasen" by Lars-Olof Lode'n (no date was given).)
+produced the following references to support it: "Tideräkning och historia"
+by Natanael Beckman (1924) and "Tid, en bok om tideräkning och
+kalenderävsen" by Lars-Olof Lodén (1968).
 
 
 Grotefend's data
@@ -629,19 +629,19 @@ Gregorian calendar:
 
 21 Dec 1582/
    01 Jan 1583 - Holland, Brabant, Flanders, Hennegau
-10/21 Feb 1583 - bishopric of Liege (L"uttich)
+10/21 Feb 1583 - bishopric of Liege (Lüttich)
 13/24 Feb 1583 - bishopric of Augsburg
 04/15 Oct 1583 - electorate of Trier
 05/16 Oct 1583 - Bavaria, bishoprics of Freising, Eichstedt, Regensburg,
                  Salzburg, Brixen
 13/24 Oct 1583 - Austrian Oberelsass and Breisgau
 20/31 Oct 1583 - bishopric of Basel
-02/13 Nov 1583 - duchy of J"ulich-Berg
-02/13 Nov 1583 - electorate and city of K"oln
-04/15 Nov 1583 - bishopric of W"urzburg
+02/13 Nov 1583 - duchy of Jülich-Berg
+02/13 Nov 1583 - electorate and city of Köln
+04/15 Nov 1583 - bishopric of Würzburg
 11/22 Nov 1583 - electorate of Mainz
 16/27 Nov 1583 - bishopric of Strassburg and the margraviate of Baden
-17/28 Nov 1583 - bishopric of M"unster and duchy of Cleve
+17/28 Nov 1583 - bishopric of Münster and duchy of Cleve
 14/25 Dec 1583 - Steiermark
 
 06/17 Jan 1584 - Austria and Bohemia
@@ -664,7 +664,7 @@ Gregorian calendar:
           1617 - duchy of Kurland (reverted to the Julian calendar in
                  1796)
 
-          1624 - bishopric of Osnabr"uck
+          1624 - bishopric of Osnabrück
 
           1630 - bishopric of Minden
 
@@ -683,7 +683,7 @@ Gregorian calendar:
    12 Dec 1700 - Utrecht, Overijssel
 
 31 Dec 1700/
-   12 Jan 1701 - Friesland, Groningen, Z"urich, Bern, Basel, Geneva,
+   12 Jan 1701 - Friesland, Groningen, Zürich, Bern, Basel, Geneva,
                  Turgau, and Schaffhausen
 
           1724 - Glarus, Appenzell, and the city of St. Gallen
@@ -695,7 +695,7 @@ Gregorian calendar:
 17 Feb/
    01 Mar 1753 - Sweden
 
-1760-1812      - Graub"unden
+1760-1812      - Graubünden
 
 The Russian empire (including Finland and the Baltic states) did not
 convert to the Gregorian calendar until the Soviet revolution of 1917.
diff --git a/africa b/africa
index 90f7735..a083fc8 100644
--- a/africa
+++ b/africa
@@ -873,9 +873,9 @@ Zone	Indian/Mayotte	3:00:56 -	LMT	1911 Jul	# Mamoutzou
 # also been like that in the past.
 
 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2012-03-09):
-# According to Infom&eacute;diaire web site from Morocco (infomediaire.ma),
-# on March 9, 2012, (in French) Heure l&eacute;gale:
-# Le Maroc adopte officiellement l'heure d'&eacute;t&eacute;
+# According to Infomédiaire web site from Morocco (infomediaire.ma),
+# on March 9, 2012, (in French) Heure légale:
+# Le Maroc adopte officiellement l'heure d'été
 # <a href="http://www.infomediaire.ma/news/maroc/heure-l%C3%A9gale-le-maroc-adopte-officiellement-lheure-d%C3%A9t%C3%A9">
 # http://www.infomediaire.ma/news/maroc/heure-l%C3%A9gale-le-maroc-adopte-officiellement-lheure-d%C3%A9t%C3%A9
 # </a>
@@ -900,8 +900,8 @@ Zone	Indian/Mayotte	3:00:56 -	LMT	1911 Jul	# Mamoutzou
 # <a href="http://www.le2uminutes.com/actualite.php">
 # http://www.le2uminutes.com/actualite.php
 # </a>
-# "...&agrave; partir du dernier dimance d'avril et non fins mars,
-# comme annonc&eacute; pr&eacute;c&eacute;demment."
+# "...à partir du dernier dimance d'avril et non fins mars,
+# comme annoncé précédemment."
 
 # From Milamber Space Network (2012-07-17):
 # The official return to GMT is announced by the Moroccan government:
diff --git a/europe b/europe
index 7ae96ff..f6fd0f9 100644
--- a/europe
+++ b/europe
@@ -1117,14 +1117,14 @@ Link	Europe/Helsinki	Europe/Mariehamn
 
 # From Ciro Discepolo (2000-12-20):
 #
-# Henri Le Corre, Regimes Horaires pour le monde entier, Editions
+# Henri Le Corre, Régimes horaires pour le monde entier, Éditions
 # Traditionnelles - Paris 2 books, 1993
 #
-# Gabriel, Traite de l'heure dans le monde, Guy Tredaniel editeur,
+# Gabriel, Traité de l'heure dans le monde, Guy Trédaniel,
 # Paris, 1991
 #
-# Francoise Gauquelin, Problemes de l'heure resolus en astrologie,
-# Guy tredaniel, Paris 1987
+# Françoise Gauquelin, Problèmes de l'heure résolus en astrologie,
+# Guy Trédaniel, Paris 1987
 
 
 #
@@ -1165,16 +1165,16 @@ Rule	France	1939	only	-	Nov	18	23:00s	0	-
 Rule	France	1940	only	-	Feb	25	 2:00	1:00	S
 # The French rules for 1941-1944 were not used in Paris, but Shanks & Pottenger
 # write that they were used in Monaco and in many French locations.
-# Le Corre writes that the upper limit of the free zone was Arneguy, Orthez,
-# Mont-de-Marsan, Bazas, Langon, Lamotte-Montravel, Marouil, La
-# Rochefoucault, Champagne-Mouton, La Roche-Posay, La Haye-Descartes,
+# Le Corre writes that the upper limit of the free zone was Arnéguy, Orthez,
+# Mont-de-Marsan, Bazas, Langon, Lamothe-Montravel, Maroeuil, La
+# Rochefoucauld, Champagne-Mouton, La Roche-Posay, La Haye-Descartes,
 # Loches, Montrichard, Vierzon, Bourges, Moulins, Digoin,
-# Paray-le-Monial, Montceau-les-Mines, Chalons-sur-Saone, Arbois,
+# Paray-le-Monial, Montceau-les-Mines, Chalon-sur-Saône, Arbois,
 # Dole, Morez, St-Claude, and Collonges (Haute-Savoie).
 Rule	France	1941	only	-	May	 5	 0:00	2:00	M # Midsummer
 # Shanks & Pottenger say this transition occurred at Oct 6 1:00,
 # but go with Denis Excoffier (1997-12-12),
-# who quotes the Ephemerides Astronomiques for 1998 from Bureau des Longitudes
+# who quotes the Ephémérides astronomiques for 1998 from Bureau des Longitudes
 # as saying 5/10/41 22hUT.
 Rule	France	1941	only	-	Oct	 6	 0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	France	1942	only	-	Mar	 9	 0:00	2:00	M
@@ -1251,13 +1251,13 @@ Zone	Europe/Berlin	0:53:28 -	LMT	1893 Apr
 			1:00	EU	CE%sT
 
 # From Tobias Conradi (2011-09-12):
-# Busingen <http://www.buesingen.de>, surrounded by the Swiss canton
+# Büsingen <http://www.buesingen.de>, surrounded by the Swiss canton
 # Schaffhausen, did not start observing DST in 1980 as the rest of DE
 # (West Germany at that time) and DD (East Germany at that time) did.
 # DD merged into DE, the area is currently covered by code DE in ISO 3166-1,
 # which in turn is covered by the zone Europe/Berlin.
 #
-# Source for the time in Busingen 1980:
+# Source for the time in Büsingen 1980:
 # http://www.srf.ch/player/video?id=c012c029-03b7-4c2b-9164-aa5902cd58d3
 
 # From Arthur David Olson (2012-03-03):
@@ -1916,7 +1916,7 @@ Rule	Poland	1945	only	-	Nov	 1	0:00	0	-
 # For 1946 on the source is Kazimierz Borkowski,
 # Torun Center for Astronomy, Dept. of Radio Astronomy, Nicolaus Copernicus U.,
 # <http://www.astro.uni.torun.pl/~kb/Artykuly/U-PA/Czas2.htm#tth_tAb1>
-# Thanks to Przemyslaw Augustyniak (2005-05-28) for this reference.
+# Thanks to Przemysław Augustyniak (2005-05-28) for this reference.
 # He also gives these further references:
 # Mon Pol nr 13, poz 162 (1995) <http://www.abc.com.pl/serwis/mp/1995/0162.htm>
 # Druk nr 2180 (2003) <http://www.senat.gov.pl/k5/dok/sejm/053/2180.pdf>
@@ -2468,9 +2468,9 @@ Zone	Europe/Belgrade	1:22:00	-	LMT	1884
 			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1945
 			1:00	-	CET	1945 May 8 2:00s
 			1:00	1:00	CEST	1945 Sep 16  2:00s
-# Metod Kozelj reports that the legal date of
+# Metod Koželj reports that the legal date of
 # transition to EU rules was 1982-11-27, for all of Yugoslavia at the time.
-# Shanks & Pottenger don't give as much detail, so go with Kozelj.
+# Shanks & Pottenger don't give as much detail, so go with Koželj.
 			1:00	-	CET	1982 Nov 27
 			1:00	EU	CE%sT
 Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Ljubljana	# Slovenia
@@ -2561,18 +2561,18 @@ Zone	Atlantic/Canary	-1:01:36 -	LMT	1922 Mar # Las Palmas de Gran C.
 
 # From Ivan Nilsson (2001-04-13), superseding Shanks & Pottenger:
 #
-# The law "Svensk forfattningssamling 1878, no 14" about standard time in 1879:
+# The law "Svensk författningssamling 1878, no 14" about standard time in 1879:
 # From the beginning of 1879 (that is 01-01 00:00) the time for all
 # places in the country is "the mean solar time for the meridian at
 # three degrees, or twelve minutes of time, to the west of the
 # meridian of the Observatory of Stockholm".  The law is dated 1878-05-31.
 #
-# The observatory at that time had the meridian 18 degrees 03' 30"
+# The observatory at that time had the meridian 18° 03′ 30″
 # eastern longitude = 01:12:14 in time.  Less 12 minutes gives the
 # national standard time as 01:00:14 ahead of GMT....
 #
 # About the beginning of CET in Sweden. The lawtext ("Svensk
-# forfattningssamling 1899, no 44") states, that "from the beginning
+# författningssamling 1899, no 44") states, that "from the beginning
 # of 1900... ... the same as the mean solar time for the meridian at
 # the distance of one hour of time from the meridian of the English
 # observatory at Greenwich, or at 12 minutes 14 seconds to the west
@@ -2580,7 +2580,7 @@ Zone	Atlantic/Canary	-1:01:36 -	LMT	1922 Mar # Las Palmas de Gran C.
 # 1899-06-16.  In short: At 1900-01-01 00:00:00 the new standard time
 # in Sweden is 01:00:00 ahead of GMT.
 #
-# 1916: The lawtext ("Svensk forfattningssamling 1916, no 124") states
+# 1916: The lawtext ("Svensk författningssamling 1916, no 124") states
 # that "1916-05-15 is considered to begin one hour earlier". It is
 # pretty obvious that at 05-14 23:00 the clocks are set to 05-15 00:00....
 # Further the law says, that "1916-09-30 is considered to end one hour later".
@@ -2590,7 +2590,7 @@ Zone	Atlantic/Canary	-1:01:36 -	LMT	1922 Mar # Las Palmas de Gran C.
 # not available on the site (to my knowledge they are only available
 # in Swedish): <http://www.riksdagen.se/english/work/sfst.asp> (type
 # "sommartid" without the quotes in the field "Fritext" and then click
-# the Sok-button).
+# the Sök-button).
 #
 # (2001-05-13):
 #
@@ -2631,7 +2631,7 @@ Zone Europe/Stockholm	1:12:12 -	LMT	1879 Jan  1
 # to be wrong. This is now verified.
 #
 # I have found copies of the original ruling by the Swiss Federal
-# government, in 'Eidgen[o]ssische Gesetzessammlung 1941 and 1942' (Swiss
+# government, in 'Eidgenössische Gesetzessammlung 1941 and 1942' (Swiss
 # federal law collection)...
 #
 # DST began on Monday 5 May 1941, 1:00 am by shifting the clocks to 2:00 am
@@ -2664,18 +2664,18 @@ Zone Europe/Stockholm	1:12:12 -	LMT	1879 Jan  1
 # One further detail for Switzerland, which is probably out of scope for
 # most users of tzdata: The [Europe/Zurich zone] ...
 # describes all of Switzerland correctly, with the exception of
-# the Cantone Geneve (Geneva, Genf). Between 1848 and 1894 Geneve did not
+# the Canton de Genève (Geneva, Genf). Between 1848 and 1894 Geneva did not
 # follow Bern Mean Time but kept its own local mean time.
 # To represent this, an extra zone would be needed.
 #
 # From Alois Treindl (2013-09-11):
 # The Federal regulations say
 # http://www.admin.ch/opc/de/classified-compilation/20071096/index.html
-# ... the meridian for Bern mean time ... is 7 degrees 26'22.50".
+# ... the meridian for Bern mean time ... is 7° 26′ 22.50″.
 # Expressed in time, it is 0h29m45.5s.
 
 # From Pierre-Yves Berger (2013-09-11):
-# the "Circulaire du conseil federal" (December 11 1893)
+# the "Circulaire du conseil fédéral" (December 11 1893)
 # <http://www.amtsdruckschriften.bar.admin.ch/viewOrigDoc.do?id=10071353> ...
 # clearly states that the [1894-06-01] change should be done at midnight
 # but if no one is present after 11 at night, could be postponed until one
@@ -2687,14 +2687,14 @@ Zone Europe/Stockholm	1:12:12 -	LMT	1879 Jan  1
 # We can find no reliable source for Shanks's assertion that all of Switzerland
 # except Geneva switched to Bern Mean Time at 00:00 on 1848-09-12.  This book:
 #
-#	Jakob Messerli. Gleichmassig, punktlich, schnell: Zeiteinteilung und
+#	Jakob Messerli. Gleichmässig, pünktlich, schnell. Zeiteinteilung und
 #	Zeitgebrauch in der Schweiz im 19. Jahrhundert. Chronos, Zurich 1995,
 #	ISBN 3-905311-68-2, OCLC 717570797.
 #
 # suggests that the transition was more gradual, and that the Swiss did not
 # agree about civil time during the transition.  The timekeeping it gives the
 # most detail for is postal and telegraph time: here, federal legislation (the
-# "Bundesgesetz uber die Erstellung von elektrischen Telegraphen") passed on
+# "Bundesgesetz über die Erstellung von elektrischen Telegraphen") passed on
 # 1851-11-23, and an official implementation notice was published 1853-07-16
 # (Bundesblatt 1853, Bd. II, S. 859).  On p 72 Messerli writes that in
 # practice since July 1853 Bernese time was used in "all postal and telegraph
@@ -2741,8 +2741,7 @@ Zone	Europe/Zurich	0:34:08 -	LMT	1853 Jul 16 # See above comment.
 # (on a non-government server though) describing dates between 2002 and 2006:
 # http://www.alomaliye.com/bkk_2002_3769.htm
 
-# From G&ouml;kdeniz Karada&#x011f; (2011-03-10):
-#
+# From Gökdeniz Karadağ (2011-03-10):
 # According to the articles linked below, Turkey will change into summer
 # time zone (GMT+3) on March 28, 2011 at 3:00 a.m. instead of March 27.
 # This change is due to a nationwide exam on 27th.
diff --git a/northamerica b/northamerica
index 9660a46..3fa0122 100644
--- a/northamerica
+++ b/northamerica
@@ -2337,17 +2337,17 @@ Zone America/Dawson	-9:17:40 -	LMT	1900 Aug 20
 # </a>
 # includes this text:
 # En los municipios fronterizos de Tijuana y Mexicali en Baja California;
-# Ju&aacute;rez y Ojinaga en Chihuahua; Acu&ntilde;a y Piedras Negras en Coahuila;
-# An&aacute;huac en Nuevo Le&oacute;n; y Nuevo Laredo, Reynosa y Matamoros en
-# Tamaulipas, la aplicaci&oacute;n de este horario estacional surtir&aacute; efecto
-# desde las dos horas del segundo domingo de marzo y concluir&aacute; a las dos
+# Juárez y Ojinaga en Chihuahua; Acuña y Piedras Negras en Coahuila;
+# Anáhuac en Nuevo León; y Nuevo Laredo, Reynosa y Matamoros en
+# Tamaulipas, la aplicación de este horario estacional surtirá efecto
+# desde las dos horas del segundo domingo de marzo y concluirá a las dos
 # horas del primer domingo de noviembre.
 # En los municipios fronterizos que se encuentren ubicados en la franja
-# fronteriza norte en el territorio comprendido entre la l&iacute;nea
-# internacional y la l&iacute;nea paralela ubicada a una distancia de veinte
-# kil&oacute;metros, as&iacute; como la Ciudad de Ensenada, Baja California, hacia el
-# interior del pa&iacute;s, la aplicaci&oacute;n de este horario estacional surtir&aacute;
-# efecto desde las dos horas del segundo domingo de marzo y concluir&aacute; a
+# fronteriza norte en el territorio comprendido entre la línea
+# internacional y la línea paralela ubicada a una distancia de veinte
+# kilómetros, así como la Ciudad de Ensenada, Baja California, hacia el
+# interior del país, la aplicación de este horario estacional surtirá
+# efecto desde las dos horas del segundo domingo de marzo y concluirá a
 # las dos horas del primer domingo de noviembre.
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
@@ -2434,25 +2434,25 @@ Zone America/Hermosillo	-7:23:52 -	LMT	1921 Dec 31 23:36:08
 			-7:00	-	MST
 
 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-04-21):
-# According to news, Bah&iacute;a de Banderas (Mexican state of Nayarit)
+# According to news, Bahía de Banderas (Mexican state of Nayarit)
 # changed time zone UTC-7 to new time zone UTC-6 on April 4, 2010 (to
 # share the same time zone as nearby city Puerto Vallarta, Jalisco).
 #
 # (Spanish)
-# Bah&iacute;a de Banderas homologa su horario al del centro del
-# pa&iacute;s, a partir de este domingo
+# Bahía de Banderas homologa su horario al del centro del
+# país, a partir de este domingo
 # <a href="http://www.nayarit.gob.mx/notes.asp?id=20748">
 # http://www.nayarit.gob.mx/notes.asp?id=20748
 # </a>
 #
-# Bah&iacute;a de Banderas homologa su horario con el del Centro del
-# Pa&iacute;s
+# Bahía de Banderas homologa su horario con el del Centro del
+# País
 # <a href="http://www.bahiadebanderas.gob.mx/principal/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=261:bahia-de-banderas-homologa-su-horario-con-el-del-centro-del-pais&catid=42:comunicacion-social&Itemid=50">
 # http://www.bahiadebanderas.gob.mx/principal/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=261:bahia-de-banderas-homologa-su-horario-con-el-del-centro-del-pais&catid=42:comunicacion-social&Itemid=50"
 # </a>
 #
 # (English)
-# Puerto Vallarta and Bah&iacute;a de Banderas: One Time Zone
+# Puerto Vallarta and Bahía de Banderas: One Time Zone
 # <a href="http://virtualvallarta.com/puertovallarta/puertovallarta/localnews/2009-12-03-Puerto-Vallarta-and-Bahia-de-Banderas-One-Time-Zone.shtml">
 # http://virtualvallarta.com/puertovallarta/puertovallarta/localnews/2009-12-03-Puerto-Vallarta-and-Bahia-de-Banderas-One-Time-Zone.shtml
 # </a>
@@ -2463,7 +2463,7 @@ Zone America/Hermosillo	-7:23:52 -	LMT	1921 Dec 31 23:36:08
 # </a>
 #
 # "Mexico's Senate approved the amendments to the Mexican Schedule System that
-# will allow Bah&iacute;a de Banderas and Puerto Vallarta to share the same time
+# will allow Bahía de Banderas and Puerto Vallarta to share the same time
 # zone ..."
 # Baja California Sur, Nayarit, Sinaloa
 
diff --git a/southamerica b/southamerica
index 5391055..bd142f7 100644
--- a/southamerica
+++ b/southamerica
@@ -436,7 +436,7 @@ Rule	Arg	2008	only	-	Oct	Sun>=15	0:00	1:00	S
 # after April 11, 2010--will continue to have same time as rest of
 # Argentina (UTC-3) (no DST).
 #
-# Confirmaron la pr&oacute;rroga del huso horario de verano (Spanish)
+# Confirmaron la prórroga del huso horario de verano (Spanish)
 # <a href="http://www.eldiariodelarepublica.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=29383&Itemid=9">
 # http://www.eldiariodelarepublica.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=29383&Itemid=9
 # </a>
@@ -1203,7 +1203,7 @@ Zone America/Rio_Branco	-4:31:12 -	LMT	1914
 # http://www.horaoficial.cl/cambio.htm
 # </a>.
 
-# From Jose Miguel Garrido (2008-03-05):
+# From José Miguel Garrido (2008-03-05):
 # ...
 # You could see the announces of the change on
 # <a href="http://www.shoa.cl/noticias/2008/04hora/hora.htm">
@@ -1275,7 +1275,7 @@ Zone America/Rio_Branco	-4:31:12 -	LMT	1914
 # start date is 2013-09-08 00:00....
 # http://www.gob.cl/informa/2013/02/15/gobierno-anuncia-fechas-de-cambio-de-hora-para-el-ano-2013.htm
 
-# From Jose Miguel Garrido (2014-02-19):
+# From José Miguel Garrido (2014-02-19):
 # Today appeared in the Diario Oficial a decree amending the time change
 # dates to 2014.
 # DST End: last Saturday of April 2014 (Sun 27 Apr 2014 03:00 UTC)
@@ -1587,11 +1587,11 @@ Rule	Para	2002	2003	-	Sep	Sun>=1	0:00	1:00	S
 # a timezone rule change in autumn 2004.
 # From Steffen Thorsen (2005-01-05):
 # Decree 1,867 (2004-03-05)
-# From Carlos Raul Perasso via Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-10-13)
+# From Carlos Raúl Perasso via Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-10-13)
 # <http://www.presidencia.gov.py/decretos/D1867.pdf>
 Rule	Para	2004	2009	-	Oct	Sun>=15	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Para	2005	2009	-	Mar	Sun>=8	0:00	0	-
-# From Carlos Raul Perasso (2010-02-18):
+# From Carlos Raúl Perasso (2010-02-18):
 # By decree number 3958 issued yesterday (
 # <a href="http://www.presidencia.gov.py/v1/wp-content/uploads/2010/02/decreto3958.pdf">
 # http://www.presidencia.gov.py/v1/wp-content/uploads/2010/02/decreto3958.pdf
@@ -1612,10 +1612,10 @@ Rule	Para	2010	2012	-	Apr	Sun>=8	0:00	0	-
 # Paraguay will end DST on 2013-03-24 00:00....
 # http://www.ande.gov.py/interna.php?id=1075
 #
-# From Carlos Raul Perasso (2013-03-15):
+# From Carlos Raúl Perasso (2013-03-15):
 # The change in Paraguay is now final.  Decree number 10780
 # http://www.presidencia.gov.py/uploads/pdf/presidencia-3b86ff4b691c79d4f5927ca964922ec74772ce857c02ca054a52a37b49afc7fb.pdf
-# From Carlos Raul Perasso (2014-02-28):
+# From Carlos Raúl Perasso (2014-02-28):
 # Decree 1264 can be found at:
 # http://www.presidencia.gov.py/archivos/documentos/DECRETO1264_ey9r8zai.pdf
 Rule	Para	2013	max	-	Mar	Sun>=22	0:00	0	-
-- 
1.9.1
-------------- next part --------------
From 05c08c6a63fdde62686974850b2a3e6528598822 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Paul Eggert <eggert at cs.ucla.edu>
Date: Sat, 14 Jun 2014 19:19:41 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 4/4] Fix Finland's 1942 fall-back transition.
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

* europe (Finland), NEWS: Finland's 1942 fall-back transition was
10-04 01:00, not 10-03 00:00.  (Thanks to Konstantin Hyppönen.)
---
 NEWS   |  5 +++++
 europe | 16 ++++++++++++++--
 2 files changed, 19 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/NEWS b/NEWS
index e789d40..4ceddbe 100644
--- a/NEWS
+++ b/NEWS
@@ -2,6 +2,11 @@ News for the tz database
 
 Unreleased, experimental changes
 
+  Changes affecting past time stamps
+
+    Finland's 1942 fall-back transition was October 4 at 01:00, not
+    October 3 at 00:00.  (Thanks to Konstantin Hyppönen.)
+
   Changes affecting commentary
 
     Commentary now uses UTF-8 instead of US-ASCII, allowing the use of
diff --git a/europe b/europe
index f6fd0f9..a68797a 100644
--- a/europe
+++ b/europe
@@ -1098,9 +1098,21 @@ Zone	Europe/Tallinn	1:39:00	-	LMT	1880
 # The news clip from 1981 says that "the time between 2 and 3 o'clock does not
 # exist tonight."
 
+# From Konstantin Hyppönen (2014-06-13):
+# [Heikki Oja's book Aikakirja 2013]
+# http://almanakka.helsinki.fi/images/aikakirja/Aikakirja2013kokonaan.pdf
+# pages 104-105, including a scan from a newspaper published on Apr 2 1942
+# say that ... [o]n Apr 2 1942, 24 o'clock (which means Apr 3 1942,
+# 00:00), clocks were moved one hour forward. The newspaper
+# mentions "on the night from Thursday to Friday"....
+# On Oct 4 1942, clocks were moved at 1:00 one hour backwards.
+#
+# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-14):
+# Go with Oja over Shanks.
+
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
-Rule	Finland	1942	only	-	Apr	3	0:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Finland	1942	only	-	Oct	3	0:00	0	-
+Rule	Finland	1942	only	-	Apr	2	24:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Finland	1942	only	-	Oct	4	1:00	0	-
 Rule	Finland	1981	1982	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Finland	1981	1982	-	Sep	lastSun	3:00	0	-
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-- 
1.9.1


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