<div dir="ltr">Looks good, I've already used the text to help a customer today :)</div><div class="gmail_extra"><br><div class="gmail_quote">On Tue, Apr 26, 2016 at 1:36 PM, Don Hollander <span dir="ltr"><<a href="mailto:don.hollander@icann.org" target="_blank">don.hollander@icann.org</a>></span> wrote:<br><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex">
<div style="word-wrap:break-word">
<div>As part of our growing Quick Guide series, here’s a draft document for Linkification.</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>It’s here embedded, as a PDF and with a link to an editable version.</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b>DRAFT::DRAFT::DRAFT::DRAFT::<u></u><u></u></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b>Universal Acceptance Steering Group<u></u><u></u></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:18.0pt">Quick Guide to Linkification<u></u><u></u></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="right" style="text-align:right"><i>27 April 2016<u></u><u></u></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><u></u> <u></u></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><u></u> <u></u></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><u></u> <u></u></p>
<h1>Background<u></u><u></u></h1>
<p class="MsoNormal">Universal Acceptance (UA) is the state where all valid domain names and email addresses are accepted, validated, stored, processed and displayed correctly and consistently by all Internet- enabled applications, devices and systems.
<u></u><u></u></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><u></u> <u></u></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Due to the rapidly changing domain name landscape, many systems do not recognize or appropriately process new domain names, primarily because they may be more than three characters in length or in a non-ASCII format. The same is true for
email addresses that incorporate these new extensions. <u></u><u></u></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><u></u> <u></u></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">The Universal Acceptance Steering Group (UASG), supported by Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN), is a community-led, Internet industry-wide initiative working on creating awareness and identifying and resolving
problems associated with the universal acceptance of domain names. The purpose of these efforts is to help ensure a consistent and positive experience for Internet users globally.
<u></u><u></u></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><u></u> <u></u></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">For more information on the UASG and recent development, visit
<span lang="EN-NZ"><a href="http://www.uasg.tech" target="_blank"><span lang="EN-US">www.uasg.tech</span></a></span>.<u></u><u></u></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"> <u></u><u></u></p>
<h1>Linkification<u></u><u></u></h1>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-NZ">Modern software sometimes allows a user to automatically create a hyperlink simply by typing in a string that looks like a web address, email name or network path. For example, typing “<a href="http://www.icann.org" target="_blank">www.icann.org</a>”
into an email message may result in a clickable link to </span><span lang="EN-NZ" style="font-family:Consolas"><a href="http://icann.org" target="_blank">http://icann.org</a>
</span><span lang="EN-NZ">being automatically created if the application treats “www.” as a special prefix or “.org” as a special suffix.<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-NZ"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-NZ">Linkification is the action where an application accepts a string and dynamically determines whether it should create a hyperlink to an Internet Location (URL) or an email address (<a href="mailto:)" target="_blank">mailto:)</a>
<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-NZ"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-NZ">Linkification should work consistently for all well-formed web addresses, email names or network paths.<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-NZ"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Linkification uses algorithms and rules created by software developers to determine whether<span style="font-family:"MS Mincho"">
</span>a string should be deemed a link – or not. Related to this is how people can identify a string as a domain name. While browsers, email clients and word processors are obvious places, there are many more applications that make these decisions.
<span style="font-family:"MS Mincho"">
</span><u></u><u></u></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-NZ"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-NZ"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-NZ"> </span></p>
<h1><span lang="EN-NZ">Good Practice Recommendations<u></u><u></u></span></h1>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:18.0pt">
1.<span style="font-size:7pt;line-height:normal;font-family:'Times New Roman'">
</span>Attempt to linkify based on explicit protocol prefixes (e.g. “http://”, ftp://”, “mailto:”) but only complete the action if the rest of the string is well formed
<u></u><u></u></p>
<table border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="margin-left:5.4pt;border-collapse:collapse;border:none">
<thead>
<tr>
<td width="142" valign="top" style="width:142.3pt;border-top:2.25pt;border-left:2.25pt;border-bottom:1.0pt;border-right:1.0pt;border-color:#f59122;border-style:solid;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt">
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:11.0pt">Example String</span></b><b><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Zapf Dingbats";color:#525252"><u></u><u></u></span></b></p>
</td>
<td width="301" valign="top" style="width:301.0pt;border-top:solid #f59122 2.25pt;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid #f59122 1.0pt;border-right:solid #f59122 2.25pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt">
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:11.0pt">Expected Behavior/ Result<u></u><u></u></span></b></p>
</td>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td width="142" valign="top" style="width:142.3pt;border-top:none;border-left:solid #f59122 2.25pt;border-bottom:solid #f59122 1.0pt;border-right:solid #f59122 1.0pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><a href="http://example.com" target="_blank">example.com</a></span><b><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Zapf Dingbats";color:#525252"><u></u><u></u></span></b></p>
</td>
<td width="301" valign="top" style="width:301.0pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid #f59122 1.0pt;border-right:solid #f59122 2.25pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">No linkification because protocol is absent and not inferred.<u></u><u></u></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="142" valign="top" style="width:142.3pt;border-top:none;border-left:solid #f59122 2.25pt;border-bottom:solid #f59122 1.0pt;border-right:solid #f59122 1.0pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><a href="http://example.com" target="_blank">http://example.com</a><u></u><u></u></span></p>
</td>
<td width="301" valign="top" style="width:301.0pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid #f59122 1.0pt;border-right:solid #f59122 2.25pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">Create hyperlink because protocol is explicit<u></u><u></u></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="142" valign="top" style="width:142.3pt;border-top:none;border-left:solid #f59122 2.25pt;border-bottom:solid #f59122 1.0pt;border-right:solid #f59122 1.0pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">http:<a href="http://example.com" target="_blank">example.com</a><u></u><u></u></span></p>
</td>
<td width="301" valign="top" style="width:301.0pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid #f59122 1.0pt;border-right:solid #f59122 2.25pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">No linkification because of bad syntax (missing //)<u></u><u></u></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="142" valign="top" style="width:142.3pt;border-top:none;border-left:solid #f59122 2.25pt;border-bottom:solid #f59122 1.0pt;border-right:solid #f59122 1.0pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><a href="http://example.a" target="_blank">http://example.a</a><u></u><u></u></span></p>
</td>
<td width="301" valign="top" style="width:301.0pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid #f59122 1.0pt;border-right:solid #f59122 2.25pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">No linkification because of bad syntax (TLD must be at least two characters)<u></u><u></u></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="142" valign="top" style="width:142.3pt;border-top:none;border-left:solid #f59122 2.25pt;border-bottom:solid #f59122 1.0pt;border-right:solid #f59122 1.0pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><a href="http://example..ab" target="_blank">http://example..ab</a><u></u><u></u></span></p>
</td>
<td width="301" valign="top" style="width:301.0pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid #f59122 1.0pt;border-right:solid #f59122 2.25pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">No linkification because of bad syntax (consecutive dots)<u></u><u></u></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="142" valign="top" style="width:142.3pt;border-top:none;border-left:solid #f59122 2.25pt;border-bottom:solid #f59122 2.25pt;border-right:solid #f59122 1.0pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">http://</span><span style="font-size:11pt;color:rgb(69,60,204)">
</span><span lang="JA" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"\00ff2d\00ff33 \00660e\00671d";color:#453ccc">普遍接受</span><span style="font-size:11pt;color:rgb(69,60,204)">-</span><span lang="JA" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:SimSun;color:#453ccc">测试</span><span style="font-size:11pt;color:rgb(69,60,204)">.</span><span lang="JA" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"\00ff2d\00ff33 \00660e\00671d";color:#453ccc">世界</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><u></u><u></u></span></p>
</td>
<td width="301" valign="top" style="width:301.0pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid #f59122 2.25pt;border-right:solid #f59122 2.25pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">Create hyperlink because protocol is explicit.<u></u><u></u></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p class="MsoNormal"><u></u> <u></u></p>
<p style="margin-left:18.0pt">
2.<span style="font-size:7pt;line-height:normal;font-family:'Times New Roman'">
</span>Attempt to linkify based on <u>implicit</u> protocol prefixes (e.g. “www” infers “<a href="http://www" target="_blank">http://www</a>”)<u></u><u></u></p>
<table border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="441" style="width:441.45pt;margin-left:5.4pt;border-collapse:collapse;border:none">
<thead>
<tr>
<td width="142" valign="top" style="width:142.3pt;border-top:2.25pt;border-left:2.25pt;border-bottom:1.0pt;border-right:1.0pt;border-color:#f59122;border-style:solid;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt">
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:11.0pt">Example String</span></b><b><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Zapf Dingbats";color:#525252"><u></u><u></u></span></b></p>
</td>
<td width="299" valign="top" style="width:299.15pt;border-top:solid #f59122 2.25pt;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid #f59122 1.0pt;border-right:solid #f59122 2.25pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt">
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:11.0pt">Expected Behavior/ Result<u></u><u></u></span></b></p>
</td>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td width="142" valign="top" style="width:142.3pt;border-top:none;border-left:solid #f59122 2.25pt;border-bottom:solid #f59122 1.0pt;border-right:solid #f59122 1.0pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><a href="http://www.example.com" target="_blank">www.example.com</a></span><b><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Zapf Dingbats";color:#525252"><u></u><u></u></span></b></p>
</td>
<td width="299" valign="top" style="width:299.15pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid #f59122 1.0pt;border-right:solid #f59122 2.25pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">Create hyperlink because protocol is implied<a href="#m_-3880316952689793171__ftn1" name="m_-3880316952689793171__ftnref1" title=""><span><span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Calibri">[1]</span></span></span></a><u></u><u></u></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="142" valign="top" style="width:142.3pt;border-top:none;border-left:solid #f59122 2.25pt;border-bottom:solid #f59122 2.25pt;border-right:solid #f59122 1.0pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><a href="mailto:label@example.com" target="_blank">label@example.com</a><u></u><u></u></span></p>
</td>
<td width="299" valign="top" style="width:299.15pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid #f59122 2.25pt;border-right:solid #f59122 2.25pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">Create mailto:
<a href="mailto:label@example.com" target="_blank">label@example.com</a> because protocol is implied.<u></u><u></u></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p class="MsoNormal"><u></u> <u></u></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><u></u> <u></u></p>
<p style="margin-left:18.0pt">
3.<span style="font-size:7pt;line-height:normal;font-family:'Times New Roman'">
</span>Map the Ideographic Full Stop “。” (U+3002) to Full Stop “.” (U+002E) (e.g.
<a href="http://xn--fiqx46g" target="_blank">http://田中</a>。com à <a href="http://xn--fiqx46g.com" target="_blank">
http://田中.com</a>) if string is otherwise well formed.<u></u><u></u></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><u></u> <u></u></p>
<p style="margin-left:18.0pt">
4.<span style="font-size:7pt;line-height:normal;font-family:'Times New Roman'">
</span>If TLDs are used as a ‘special suffix’ to determine linkability, then all TLDs must be included. A list of valid TLDs should be updated dynamically on a frequent basis.<u></u><u></u></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><u></u> <u></u></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-NZ"> </span></p>
<div><br clear="all">
<hr align="left" size="1" width="33%">
<div>
<p><a href="#m_-3880316952689793171__ftnref1" name="m_-3880316952689793171__ftn1" title=""><span><span lang="EN-NZ"><span><span lang="EN-NZ" style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Calibri">[1]</span></span></span></span></a><span lang="EN-NZ">
Note: it might be the case that the actual website requires that end users type https:// instead of http://. If this is the case, then the hyperlink may not resolve or may return an error page.</span><u></u><u></u></p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div></div>
</div>
</blockquote></div><br><br clear="all"><div><br></div>-- <br><div class="gmail_signature"><div dir="ltr"><br style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:Times;font-size:medium"><br style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:Times;font-size:medium"><div style="min-width:960px;min-height:82px;line-height:18px;margin:6px 0px;padding:8px;border-top-width:1px;border-top-color:rgb(153,153,153);border-top-style:dotted;border-bottom-width:1px;border-bottom-color:rgb(153,153,153);border-bottom-style:dotted;font-family:'Lucida Grande',Verdana,Arial,sans-serif;font-size:12px;color:rgb(153,153,153)"><a href="http://www.donuts.domains" title="donuts.domains" target="_blank"><img src="http://www.donuts.domains/images/D-99x124.png" alt="Donuts Inc." width="37" height="54" style="float:left;padding:2px 6px 0px 0px;border:none"></a><div style="padding:6px 0px 0px"><span style="font-size:14px"><strong style="color:rgb(51,51,51)">Elaine Pruis</strong>, Vice President, Operations</span><br><strong><a href="http://www.donuts.domains" title="donuts.domains" style="color:rgb(102,102,102);text-decoration:none;border-bottom-width:1px;border-bottom-color:rgb(204,204,204);border-bottom-style:dotted" target="_blank">Donuts Inc.</a></strong><br>10500 NE 8th Street, Suite 350, Bellevue Washington, 98004, U.S.A. | Telephone: 509.899.3161<br><a href="https://twitter.com/DonutsInc" target="_blank"><img src="http://www.donuts.domains/images/social_twitter_box_white_512.png" alt="Twitter" width="30" height="30" style="float:left;margin:2px 4px 0px 0px;border:none"></a><a href="https://www.facebook.com/donutstlds" target="_blank"><img src="http://www.donuts.domains/images/social_facebook_box_white_512.png" alt="Facebook" width="30" height="30" style="float:left;margin:2px 4px 0px 0px;border:none"></a><a href="http://www.linkedin.com/company/donuts-inc-" target="_blank"><img src="http://www.donuts.domains/images/social_linkedin_box_white_512.png" alt="Linked In" width="30" height="30" style="float:left;margin:2px 4px 0px 0px;border:none"></a></div><div style="clear:both"></div></div><br style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:Times;font-size:medium"><br style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:Times;font-size:medium"><span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:Times;font-size:medium"> </span><br></div></div>
</div>