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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">Ada?<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">Richard Merdinger<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">VP, Domains - GoDaddy<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><u><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"><a href="mailto:rmerdinger@godaddy.com"><span style="color:#0563C1">rmerdinger@godaddy.com</span></a></span></u><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in"><b><span style="color:black">From: </span>
</b><span style="color:black"><ua-discuss-bounces@icann.org> on behalf of Mark Svancarek via UA-discuss <UA-discuss@icann.org><br>
<b>Reply-To: </b>Mark Svancarek <marksv@microsoft.com><br>
<b>Date: </b>Thursday, July 20, 2017 at 9:15 AM<br>
<b>To: </b>Don Hollander <don.hollander@icann.org>, `tan tanakadennis via ua-discuss` <UA-discuss@icann.org><br>
<b>Subject: </b>Re: [UA-discuss] The 2017 Top Programming Languages - IEEE Spectrum<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">…and Lisp</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in"><a name="_MailEndCompose"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"> </span></a><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in"><b><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">From:</span></b><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"> ua-discuss-bounces@icann.org [mailto:ua-discuss-bounces@icann.org]
<b>On Behalf Of </b>Don Hollander<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Tuesday, July 18, 2017 9:59 PM<br>
<b>To:</b> `tan tanakadennis via ua-discuss` <UA-discuss@icann.org><br>
<b>Subject:</b> [UA-discuss] The 2017 Top Programming Languages - IEEE Spectrum</span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in"> <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in">Personally, I’m please to see that Fortran remains in the list, though probably not so high on the UASG mitigation agenda.<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in"> <o:p></o:p></p>
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<a href="http://spectrum.ieee.org/computing/software/the-2017-top-programming-languages">http://spectrum.ieee.org/computing/software/the-2017-top-programming-languages</a><o:p></o:p></p>
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<span style="font-family:"Georgia",serif;font-weight:normal">The 2017 Top Programming Languages</span><o:p></o:p></h1>
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<span style="font-family:"Georgia",serif;font-weight:normal">Python jumps to No. 1, and Swift enters the Top Ten</span><o:p></o:p></h2>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in;line-height:18.0pt"><span style="font-size:14.5pt;font-family:"Georgia",serif">By
<a href="file:////author/cass-stephen"><span style="color:#416ED2">Stephen Cass</span></a></span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in;line-height:18.0pt"><span style="font-size:14.5pt;font-family:"Georgia",serif">Posted 18 Jul 2017 | 19:00 GMT</span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<span style="font-size:14.5pt;font-family:"Georgia",serif">It’s summertime here at
<em><span style="font-family:"Georgia",serif">IEEE Spectrum</span></em>, and that means it’s time for our
<a href="file:////static/interactive-the-top-programming-languages-2017"><span style="color:#416ED2">fourth interactive ranking</span></a> of the top programming languages. As with all attempts to rank the usage of different languages, we have to rely on various
proxies for popularity. In our case, this means having data journalist <a href="http://www.nickdiakopoulos.com/">
<span style="color:#416ED2">Nick Diakopoulos</span></a> mine and combine 12 metrics from 10 carefully chosen online sources to rank 48 languages. But where we really differ from other rankings is that our interactive allows you choose how those metrics are
weighted when they are combined, letting you personalize the rankings to your needs.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<span style="font-size:14.5pt;font-family:"Georgia",serif">We have a few preset weightings—a default setting that’s designed with the typical
<em><span style="font-family:"Georgia",serif">Spectrum</span></em> reader in mind, as well as settings that emphasize emerging languages, what employers are looking for, and what’s hot in open source. You can also filter out industry sectors that don’t interest
you or create a completely customized ranking and make a comparison with a previous year.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<span style="font-size:14.5pt;font-family:"Georgia",serif">So what are the Top Ten Languages for the typical
<em><span style="font-family:"Georgia",serif">Spectrum</span></em> reader?</span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in;line-height:18.0pt"><span style="font-size:14.5pt;font-family:"Georgia",serif"><a href="file:////static/interactive-the-top-programming-languages-2017"><span style="color:#416ED2;text-decoration:none"><img border="0" width="620" height="356" id="_x0000_i1025" src="cid:image001.png@01D30138.BC8B2BB0" alt="creen shot of the TPL app"></span></a></span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<span style="font-size:14.5pt;font-family:"Georgia",serif"><a href="https://www.python.org/"><span style="color:#416ED2">Python</span></a> has continued its upward trajectory from last year and jumped two places to the No. 1 slot, though the top four—Python,
<a href="http://csapp.cs.cmu.edu/3e/docs/chistory.html"><span style="color:#416ED2">C</span></a>,
<a href="https://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/technotes/guides/language/index.html">
<span style="color:#416ED2">Java</span></a>, and <a href="https://isocpp.org/"><span style="color:#416ED2">C++</span></a>—all remain very close in popularity. Indeed, in Diakopoulos’s analysis of what the underlying metrics have to say about the languages currently
in demand by recruiting companies, C comes out ahead of Python by a good margin.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<span style="font-size:14.5pt;font-family:"Georgia",serif"><a href="https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/csharp/csharp"><span style="color:#416ED2">C#</span></a> has reentered the top five, taking back the place it lost to
<a href="https://www.r-project.org/"><span style="color:#416ED2">R</span></a> last year. Ruby has fallen all the way down to 12th position, but in doing so it has given Apple’s
<a href="https://developer.apple.com/swift/"><span style="color:#416ED2">Swift</span></a> the chance to join Google’s
<a href="https://golang.org/"><span style="color:#416ED2">Go</span></a> in the Top Ten. This is impressive, as Swift debuted on the rankings just two years ago. (Outside the Top Ten, Apple’s
<a href="https://developer.apple.com/library/content/documentation/Cocoa/Conceptual/ProgrammingWithObjectiveC/Introduction/Introduction.html#//apple_ref/doc/uid/TP40011210-CH1-SW1">
<span style="color:#416ED2">Objective-C</span></a> mirrors the ascent of Swift, dropping down to 26th place.)</span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<span style="font-size:14.5pt;font-family:"Georgia",serif">However, for the second year in a row, no new languages have entered the rankings. We seem to have entered a period of consolidation in coding as programmers digest the tools created to cater to the
explosion of cloud, mobile, and big data applications.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<span style="font-size:14.5pt;font-family:"Georgia",serif">Speaking of stabilized programming tools and languages, it’s worth noting
<a href="http://fortranwiki.org/fortran/show/HomePage"><span style="color:#416ED2">Fortran</span></a>’s continued presence right in the middle of the rankings (sitting still in 28th place), along with
<a href="http://www.cliki.net/"><span style="color:#416ED2">Lisp</span></a> in 35th place and
<a href="https://open-cobol.sourceforge.io/"><span style="color:#416ED2">Cobol</span></a> hanging in at 40th: Clearly even languages that are decades old can still have sustained levels of interest. (And although it just barely clears the threshold for inclusion
in our rankings, I’m pleased to see that my personal favorite veteran language—<a href="https://www.forth.com/resources/forth-programming-language/"><span style="color:#416ED2">Forth</span></a>—is still there in 47th place).</span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<span style="font-size:14.5pt;font-family:"Georgia",serif">Looking at the preset weighting option for open source projects, where we might expect a bias toward newer projects versus decades-old legacy systems, we see that
<a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/2014/REC-html5-20141028/"><span style="color:#416ED2">HTML</span></a> has entered the Top Ten there, rising from 11th place to 8th. (This is a great moment for us to reiterate our response to the complaint of some in years past
of “HTML isn’t a <em><span style="font-family:"Georgia",serif">programming</span></em> language, it’s just markup.” At
<em><span style="font-family:"Georgia",serif">Spectrum</span></em>, we have a very pragmatic view about what is, and isn’t, a recognizable programming language. HTML is used by coders to instruct computers to do things, so we include it. We don’t insist on,
for example, Turing completeness as a threshold for inclusion—and to get really nitpicky, as user Jonny Lin pointed out last year, HTML has grown so complex that when combined with CSS, it is now Turing complete, albeit
<a href="http://eli.fox-epste.in/rule110-full.html"><span style="color:#416ED2">with a little prodding</span></a> and requiring an appreciation of
<a href="http://mathworld.wolfram.com/Rule110.html"><span style="color:#416ED2">cellular automata.</span></a>)</span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<span style="font-size:14.5pt;font-family:"Georgia",serif">Finally, one last technical detail: We’ve made some tweaks under the hood to improve the robustness of the results, especially for less popular languages where the signals in the metrics are weaker
and so more prone to statistical noise. So that users who look at historical data can make consistent comparisons, we’ve recalculated the previous year’s rankings with the new system. This could lead to some discrepancies between a language’s ranking in a
given year as currently shown, versus the ranking that was shown in the original year of publication, but such differences should be relatively small and not affect the more popular languages in any case.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in">Don Hollander<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in">Universal Acceptance Steering Group<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in">Skype: don_hollander<o:p></o:p></p>
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