<html><head></head><body style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; -webkit-line-break: after-white-space; ">Thank you, Becky. Yes I think this is extremely compelling evidence that ICANN is obligated to respect human rights in its operations. Thanks again for bringing this specific text forward again.<div><br></div><div>Best,</div><div>Robin</div><div><br><div><div>On Jul 20, 2015, at 9:22 AM, Burr, Becky wrote:</div><br class="Apple-interchange-newline"><blockquote type="cite">
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<div style="font-size: 14px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">First - thanks for all the hard work in Paris.</div>
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<div style="font-size: 14px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">Second – huge apologies – for some reason my computer was still on Paris time when I checked my calendar, so I thought the call was later</div>
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<div style="font-size: 14px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">Third, I think the most significant open issue with respect to the Mission, Commitments and Core Values. Nigel pointed us to a "controversial IRP" that addressed the topic of human rights. I took a look at
the ICM decision, and indeed it did turn in significant part on the inclusion of international law in ICANN’s Articles of Incorporation. Not sure if this is what he was referring to said ICANN has already subjected itself to international law, including human
rights</div>
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<div style="font-size: 14px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">In paragraph 58, the declaration says </div>
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<div><i>Professor Goldsmith observes that: “… “principles of international law and applicable international conventions and local law” refers to three types of law. Local law means the law of California. Applicable international conventions refers to treaties.
“The term ‘principles of international law’ includes general principles of law. <font color="#0000ff">
Given that the canonical reference to the sources of international law is Article 38 of the Statute of the International Court of Justice, which lists international conventions, customary international law, and “the general principles of law recognized by civilized
nations”, the reference to “principles of international law” in ICANN’s Articles must refer to customary international law and to the general principles of law. (Expert Report, p. 12.) </font></i></div>
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<div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">Article 38 of the International Court of Justice reads (in relevant part) as follows:</div>
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The Court, whose function is to decide in accordance with international law such disputes as are submitted to it, shall apply:</p>
<blockquote style="font-family: Arial, Verdana; widows: 1; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" type="cite"><p style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 8px; border: 0px; font-family: Arial;">a. international conventions, whether general or particular, establishing rules expressly recognized by the contesting states;</p><p style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 8px; border: 0px; font-family: Arial;">b. international custom, as evidence of a general practice accepted as law;</p><p style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 8px; border: 0px; font-family: Arial;">c. the general principles of law recognized by civilized nations;</p><p style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 8px; border: 0px; font-family: Arial;">d. subject to the provisions of Article 59, judicial decisions and the teachings of the most highly qualified publicists of the various nations, as subsidiary means for the determination
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<div><p style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 8px; border: 0px; font-family: Arial;">I am reminded that in addition to the reference to international law in the Articles of Incorporation, we brought international law into the Mission, Commitments, and Core Values
– in fact it is the very first commitment. Given the strong feelings on both sides of this issue I am wondering whether the current language already reflects ICANN’s obligation not to violate human rights? Thoughts?</p><p style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 8px; border: 0px; font-family: Arial;"><br>
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<div style="font-size: 14px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0in; font-size: 11pt; "><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">J. Beckwith Burr<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0in; font-size: 11pt; "><b><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(6, 134, 88);">Neustar, Inc. /</span></b><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"> Deputy
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