<div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif">A few quick comments on the thread above.</div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif"><br></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif">It is important that we be precise with our verbs. The Ruggie Principles use three verbs, each with different meanings and with application to different actors: "respect," "protect" and "enforce." I'm not suggesting we should adopt the Ruggie Principles' meanings for all of these words, but they could be useful as a starting point. As a matter of fact, I don't think we can or should adopt the Ruggie Principles' definition of "respect" in the ICANN context. But we should be careful about how we use these words, and how we use other verbs. </div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif"><br></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif">As was already noted, "uphold" is a whole new verb, with no standard meaning in the human rights context that I'm aware of. "Enforce" was also used in this thread, but in a very different context than in the Ruggie Principles, where "enforcement" applies only to the activities of states. We need to determine what we mean by each verb we use, and especially by "respect" since it appears in the Bylaw.</div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif"><br></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif">I believe that Niels quoted from the Ruggie Principles definition of respect earlier in this thread when he referred to the draft FoI document. I believe Paul Twomey in particular has pointed out the significant issues that could arise if ICANN were to adopt part (b) of this definition:</div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif"><br></div><span style="font-size:12.8px">(b) Seek to prevent or mitigate adverse human rights impacts that are</span><br style="font-size:12.8px"><span style="font-size:12.8px">directly linked to their operations, products or services by their</span><br style="font-size:12.8px"><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.8px;font-family:arial,sans-serif">business relationships, even if they have not contributed to those impacts.</span></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif"><br></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif">As I understand this, it requires a party to exert pressure, through business relationships, on third parties. I don't think it's at all settled that ICANN's relationships with applicants, registries and registrars are "business relationships," even where these parties have contracts with ICANN. But if some or all of these are "business relationships," this could easily be read to require ICANN to impose restrictions on registries and registrars, and on applicants, that would be extremely broad-ranging and may we be antithetical to ICANN's mission.</div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif"><br></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif">I generally agree with John Curran regarding application concerns in the implementation phase. Once the ICANN policy process has resulted in recommendations which are adopted, the primary focus in implementation needs to be faithfully carrying out the policy recommendations. It's fair to assume that human rights have been taken into account in the policy development process, along with and balanced against other rights and concerns, and that what results from the multistakeholder process should be given effect in implementation.</div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif"><br></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif">Greg</div></div><div class="gmail_extra"><br><div class="gmail_quote">On Mon, Sep 5, 2016 at 9:11 PM, John Curran <span dir="ltr"><<a href="mailto:jcurran@istaff.org" target="_blank">jcurran@istaff.org</a>></span> wrote:<br><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex"><div style="word-wrap:break-word">On Sep 5, 2016, at 6:38 PM, Niels ten Oever <<a href="mailto:lists@nielstenoever.net" target="_blank">lists@nielstenoever.net</a>> wrote:<br><div><blockquote type="cite">...<span class=""><br><div><span style="font-family:Helvetica;font-size:12px;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px;float:none;display:inline!important">b) Seek to prevent or mitigate adverse human rights impacts that are</span><br style="font-family:Helvetica;font-size:12px;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px"><span style="font-family:Helvetica;font-size:12px;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px;float:none;display:inline!important">directly linked to their operations, products or services by their</span><br style="font-family:Helvetica;font-size:12px;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px"><span style="font-family:Helvetica;font-size:12px;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px;float:none;display:inline!important">business relationships, even if they have not contributed to those impacts.</span><br style="font-family:Helvetica;font-size:12px;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px"></div></span></blockquote></div><br><div>Interesting predicament. If one imagines the potential for an update to one of </div><div>the IANA registries that in turn poses an impact to human rights – i.e. following </div><div>the specific guidance from the appropriate community that is contracting with </div><div>ICANN/PTI for IANA services would result in an HR impact, then the above </div><div>proposed responsibility (to prevent or mitigate...) would suggest that ICANN </div><div>should to do otherwise.</div><div><br></div><div>Note that the event of ICANN/PTI acting contrary to the clear direction of one of </div><div>the respective communities (names, numbers, protocols) with regard to IANA </div><div>registry updates could easily precipitate a crisis that results in the end of ICANN, </div><div>and thus should probably be avoided...</div><div><br></div><div>ICANN (including PTI) needs to place the highest priority upon fidelity to the </div><div>outcomes of the multi-stakeholder process, since its existence is predicated </div><div>(particularly in a post-NTIA contract environment) upon the presupposition </div><div>of the validity of that process. This is also the reason why I noted that there</div><div>is a significant difference between application of HR principles within the multi-</div><div>stakeholder policy development process when compared to later on during the</div><div>policy implementation phases.</div><div><br></div><div>/John</div><div><br></div><div>Disclaimer: my views alone. Feel free to use, share, or discard as desired.</div><div><br></div><div><br></div><div><br></div></div><br>______________________________<wbr>_________________<br>
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