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    <p>One of my points that I didn't manage to express clearly was that
      "protection" and "enforcement" include much broader range of
      issues than a content regulation. Of course, getting stuck with
      discussing content regulation only will lead us nowhere, indeed.
      In the general scheme of things, a good framework which will draw
      a clear line between respect and other two shall of course "save"
      us from all the enforcement and protection issues, including
      content regulation. <br>
    </p>
    <p>I don't know if this is what you mean - that the debate shall be
      taken out from the rabbit hole to the level of making a clear
      distinction between respect, protection and enforcement, and this
      will solve the particular debates on content regulation or
      whatever enforcement? I can understand this approach actually. <br>
    </p>
    <p>Best</p>
    <p>Tanya <br>
    </p>
    <br>
    <div class="moz-cite-prefix">On 06/09/16 20:05, Greg Shatan wrote:<br>
    </div>
    <blockquote
cite="mid:CA+aOHUSfFX5-FGtw5qjmTZg9x0Meq1qWM+NEfo_nRVhRP2Akvg@mail.gmail.com"
      type="cite">
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        <div class="gmail_default"
          style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif">Tatiana,</div>
        <div class="gmail_default"
          style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif"><br>
        </div>
        <div class="gmail_default"
          style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif">I see your point.  But
          I suggest that we would be better off using a less loaded
          example than "content regulation," because that will fog the
          issue we really want to deal with, which is what are
          "protection" and "enforcement" of human rights, versus what is
          "respect" for human rights. </div>
        <div class="gmail_default"
          style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif"><br>
        </div>
        <div class="gmail_default"
          style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif">Greg</div>
      </div>
      <div class="gmail_extra"><br>
        <div class="gmail_quote">On Tue, Sep 6, 2016 at 2:01 PM, Dr.
          Tatiana Tropina <span dir="ltr">&lt;<a moz-do-not-send="true"
              href="mailto:t.tropina@mpicc.de" target="_blank">t.tropina@mpicc.de</a>&gt;</span>
          wrote:<br>
          <blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0
            .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex">
            <div bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000">
              <p>Greg,</p>
              <p>I think the whole discussion on the "content
                regulation" (whether we define it or not here) reflects
                the concerns about "enforcement" and "protection".</p>
              <p>While we can abandon the use of the term "content
                regulation" for the sake of avoiding the maze of rabbit
                holes, the enforcement and protection issues will be on
                the table anyway, and they will refer to the TLD issues
                as well. <br>
              </p>
              <p>Fortunately, we have restrictions in the mission re
                content regulation and in the HR bylaw re enforcement
                and protection. I think that is enough to save ICANN
                from the content regulation (whatever it means!). But we
                have to figure out where is the silver line between
                "respect" and the no-go Human Rights watchdog actions. I
                think the expression "content regulation" is used here
                as it reflect the concerns that ICANN will step into
                this area of enforcement.</p>
              <p>Best,</p>
              <p>Tanya <br>
              </p>
              <div>
                <div class="h5">
                  <div>On 06/09/16 19:51, Greg Shatan wrote:<br>
                  </div>
                  <blockquote type="cite">
                    <div dir="ltr">
                      <div class="gmail_default"
                        style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif">Anne, It
                        would be helpful to go back to the current AGB
                        and see how such domains would currently be
                        treated.  ICANN (including the GNSO PDP process)
                        may already have dealt with that.</div>
                      <div class="gmail_default"
                        style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif"><br>
                      </div>
                      <div class="gmail_default"
                        style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif">Tying
                        this discussion to "content regulation" also
                        gets us into other sticky wickets.</div>
                      <div class="gmail_default"
                        style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif"><br>
                      </div>
                      <div class="gmail_default"
                        style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif">Is
                        restricting the TLDs that can be applied for
                        "content regulation"?  I would submit that it's
                        not.</div>
                      <div class="gmail_default"
                        style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif"><br>
                      </div>
                      <div class="gmail_default"
                        style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif">Is
                        restricting the TLDs that can be applied for a
                        violation of the right to "free expression"? 
                        I'm skeptical about that as well, and even if it
                        is, the right to free expression is neither
                        boundless or immune to being balanced with other
                        rights, including but not limited to human
                        rights.</div>
                      <div class="gmail_default"
                        style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif"><br>
                      </div>
                      <div class="gmail_default"
                        style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif">Is
                        "content regulation" a loaded term in the ICANN
                        context?  It is now, based on the new bylaws. 
                        Just as ICANNnauts have used "policy" and
                        "implementation" distinctions to to rule things
                        in and out of scope, branding something as
                        "content regulation" puts it in a box that at
                        the least disfavors doing that thing, whatever
                        it is.  More succinctly, if "content regulation"
                        is something that ICANN doesn't do, then people
                        will take things that they don't want ICANN to
                        do and call them "content regulation."</div>
                      <div class="gmail_default"
                        style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif"><br>
                      </div>
                      <div class="gmail_default"
                        style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif">Do we
                        have a common understanding of what "content
                        regulation" means in the ICANN context, or even
                        what "regulation" means in the ICANN context? 
                        Or even "content"?  And the corollary, what
                        isn't "content regulation"? I really doubt it.</div>
                      <div class="gmail_default"
                        style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif"><br>
                      </div>
                      <div class="gmail_default"
                        style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif">Is it
                        within the remit of this group to further define
                        "content regulation"?  I really don't think so.</div>
                      <div class="gmail_default"
                        style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif"><br>
                      </div>
                      <div class="gmail_default"
                        style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif">We may be
                        better off looking at creating a Framework of
                        Interpretation (and that is our remit, broadly
                        speaking) that does not require a definition and
                        common understanding of "content regulation" in
                        order to guide future reference to and
                        implementation of the Bylaw.</div>
                      <div class="gmail_default"
                        style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif"><br>
                      </div>
                      <div class="gmail_default"
                        style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif">If we
                        follow the "content regulation" path, we are
                        likely to end up not only down a rabbit hole,
                        but in an entire network of rabbit holes.</div>
                      <div class="gmail_default"
                        style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif"><br>
                      </div>
                      <div class="gmail_default"
                        style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif">Greg</div>
                      <div class="gmail_default"
                        style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif"><br>
                      </div>
                      <div class="gmail_default"
                        style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif"><br>
                      </div>
                    </div>
                    <div class="gmail_extra"><br>
                      <div class="gmail_quote">On Tue, Sep 6, 2016 at
                        1:31 PM, Dr. Tatiana Tropina <span dir="ltr">&lt;<a
                            moz-do-not-send="true"
                            href="mailto:t.tropina@mpicc.de"
                            target="_blank">t.tropina@mpicc.de</a>&gt;</span>
                        wrote:<br>
                        <blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0
                          0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc
                          solid;padding-left:1ex">Dear Anne,<br>
                          <br>
                          A very short response with my 2c - my first
                          thought is that the issue of<br>
                          "(dot)buychildporn" and alike would be the
                          issue of (applicable)<br>
                          criminal law rather than human rights issue.<br>
                          <br>
                          Warm regards<br>
                          <br>
                          Tanya<br>
                          <div>
                            <div><br>
                              <br>
                              On 06/09/16 19:21, Aikman-Scalese, Anne
                              wrote:<br>
                              &gt; Regarding "address human rights
                              impacts with which they are involved", I
                              am quite stuck on the issue of "content
                              regulation" when ICANN awards a TLD
                              contract.  For example, a registry
                              operator applies in the next round for
                              "(dot)buychildporn".  I personally think
                              there is a human rights issue here in
                              which ICANN is directly involved within
                              the scope of its mission and operations.<br>
                              &gt;<br>
                              &gt; What about a TLD application for
                              (dot)legalizeslavery.    ICANN is very
                              directly involved in the award of TLDs. 
                              It signs contracts and determines when
                              those contracts are renewed or revoked. 
                              Very difficult indeed to see how anyone
                              could say that ICANN would not be
                              obligated, by this definition of "respect"
                              to review potential adverse human rights
                              impact of a TLD application.<br>
                              &gt;<br>
                              &gt; No advisory or policy recommending
                              body in the ICANN Community currently has
                              responsibility to review Human Rights
                              impact in the applications for new TLDs. 
                              There is no mechanism for doing so and
                              arguably the implications for free speech
                              are quite broad if we start saying that
                              certain proposed purposes for certain TLDs
                              (as shown in the application relevant
                              application) have adverse human rights
                              impacts.    Will we now place this
                              responsibility on the GAC as a public
                              policy matter?  What if GNSO disagrees and
                              prefers to uphold freedom of expression
                              even if the expression is ugly and has an
                              adverse impact on Human Rights?<br>
                              &gt;<br>
                              &gt; So it appears we may not be able to
                              deal with this within the community
                              without establishing a Human Rights
                              Objection process - but again what about
                              the free speech aspects of this?  Is a
                              Human Rights Objection process in and of
                              itself a content regulation provision?<br>
                              &gt;<br>
                              &gt; Anne<br>
                              &gt;<br>
                              &gt; Anne E. Aikman-Scalese<br>
                              &gt; Of Counsel<br>
                              &gt; <a moz-do-not-send="true"
                                href="tel:520.629.4428"
                                value="+15206294428" target="_blank">520.629.4428</a>
                              office<br>
                              &gt; <a moz-do-not-send="true"
                                href="tel:520.879.4725"
                                value="+15208794725" target="_blank">520.879.4725</a>
                              fax<br>
                              &gt; <a moz-do-not-send="true"
                                href="mailto:AAikman@lrrc.com"
                                target="_blank">AAikman@lrrc.com</a><br>
                              &gt; ______________________________<wbr>_<br>
                              &gt;<br>
                              &gt; Lewis Roca Rothgerber Christie LLP<br>
                              &gt; One South Church Avenue, Suite 700<br>
                              &gt; Tucson, Arizona 85701-1611<br>
                              &gt; <a moz-do-not-send="true"
                                href="http://lrrc.com" rel="noreferrer"
                                target="_blank">lrrc.com</a><br>
                              &gt; -----Original Message-----<br>
                              &gt; From: <a moz-do-not-send="true"
                                href="mailto:ws2-hr-bounces@icann.org"
                                target="_blank">ws2-hr-bounces@icann.org</a>
                              [mailto:<a moz-do-not-send="true"
                                href="mailto:ws2-hr-bounces@icann.org"
                                target="_blank">ws2-hr-bounces@icann.o<wbr>rg</a>]
                              On Behalf Of Bastiaan Goslings<br>
                              &gt; Sent: Tuesday, September 06, 2016
                              9:40 AM<br>
                              &gt; To: Greg Shatan<br>
                              &gt; Cc: <a moz-do-not-send="true"
                                href="mailto:ws2-hr@icann.org"
                                target="_blank">ws2-hr@icann.org</a><br>
                              &gt; Subject: Re: [Ws2-hr] When should
                              ICANN uphold human rights?<br>
                              &gt;<br>
                              &gt; Whilst I (think I) see where you are
                              heading, Greg - and I tend to agree,
                              although I’m not sure what ’seeking to
                              prevent or mitigate’ exactly means in
                              terms of exerting pressure on third
                              parties - the ‘resurfacing those comments’
                              could be helpful as I am slightly lost
                              here.<br>
                              &gt;<br>
                              &gt; The way I read Ruggie’s definition of
                              ‘respect’ is what is stated in principle
                              #11:<br>
                              &gt;<br>
                              &gt; 'Business enterprises should respect
                              human rights. This means that they should
                              avoid infringing on the human rights of
                              others and should address adverse human
                              rights impacts with which they are
                              involved.’<br>
                              &gt;<br>
                              &gt; It’s the ’this means’ part.<br>
                              &gt;<br>
                              &gt; (‘Part (b)’ in principle 13 refers to
                              part of a ‘responsibility’ that follows,
                              i.e. the requirement as described in this
                              ‘part (b)’)<br>
                              &gt;<br>
                              &gt; Simply put, following my
                              interpretation of Ruggie’s ‘respect’
                              definition, ICANN should avoid infringing
                              on the human rights of others. And it does
                              not have to address adverse human rights
                              impacts with which it is not involved.<br>
                              &gt;<br>
                              &gt; Does that make sense? ;-)<br>
                              &gt;<br>
                              &gt;  -Bastiaan<br>
                              &gt;<br>
                              &gt;<br>
                              &gt;<br>
                              &gt;<br>
                              &gt;&gt; On 06 Sep 2016, at 17:43, Greg
                              Shatan &lt;<a moz-do-not-send="true"
                                href="mailto:gregshatanipc@gmail.com"
                                target="_blank">gregshatanipc@gmail.com</a>&gt;
                              wrote:<br>
                              &gt;&gt;<br>
                              &gt;&gt; Paul,<br>
                              &gt;&gt;<br>
                              &gt;&gt; My prior email in this thread
                              touches on why we would not want to adopt
                              (at least not in full) part (b) of the
                              Ruggie Principles' definition of
                              "respect".  Paul Twomey has also commented
                              on this issue at length during WS1; if we
                              could resurface those comments it would be
                              very helpful.  The commentary around the
                              draft documents in Google Docs also
                              touches on this issue.<br>
                              &gt;&gt;<br>
                              &gt;&gt; Greg<br>
                              &gt;&gt;<br>
                              &gt;&gt; On Tue, Sep 6, 2016 at 11:36 AM,
                              &lt;<a moz-do-not-send="true"
                                href="mailto:Jorge.Cancio@bakom.admin.ch"
                                target="_blank">Jorge.Cancio@bakom.admin.ch</a>&gt;
                              wrote:<br>
                              &gt;&gt; Good question<br>
                              &gt;&gt;<br>
                              &gt;&gt; Jorge<br>
                              &gt;&gt;<br>
                              &gt;&gt;<br>
                              &gt;&gt;<br>
                              &gt;&gt; Von: <a moz-do-not-send="true"
                                href="mailto:ws2-hr-bounces@icann.org"
                                target="_blank">ws2-hr-bounces@icann.org</a>
                              [mailto:<a moz-do-not-send="true"
                                href="mailto:ws2-hr-bounces@icann.org"
                                target="_blank">ws2-hr-bounces@icann.o<wbr>rg</a>]
                              Im<br>
                              &gt;&gt; Auftrag von Paul Rosenzweig<br>
                              &gt;&gt; Gesendet: Dienstag, 6. September
                              2016 17:35<br>
                              &gt;&gt; An: 'Greg Shatan' &lt;<a
                                moz-do-not-send="true"
                                href="mailto:gregshatanipc@gmail.com"
                                target="_blank">gregshatanipc@gmail.com</a>&gt;;
                              'Nigel Roberts'<br>
                              &gt;&gt; &lt;<a moz-do-not-send="true"
                                href="mailto:nigel@channelisles.net"
                                target="_blank">nigel@channelisles.net</a>&gt;<br>
                              &gt;&gt; Cc: <a moz-do-not-send="true"
                                href="mailto:ws2-hr@icann.org"
                                target="_blank">ws2-hr@icann.org</a><br>
                              &gt;&gt; Betreff: Re: [Ws2-hr] When should
                              ICANN uphold human rights?<br>
                              &gt;&gt;<br>
                              &gt;&gt;<br>
                              &gt;&gt;<br>
                              &gt;&gt; Can someone better versed in this
                              articulate for me why we would NOT want to
                              use the Ruggie definition.  I agree that
                              the CCWG did not intend us to necessarily
                              adopt that definition; but they also did
                              not necessarily intend to exclude it.  For
                              the reasons Greg has articulated, it seems
                              to me that it would be wise to follow
                              accepted practice UNLESS there is a good
                              reason not to.  Hence my question:  Is
                              there something wrong with the way
                              “respect” is used by the Ruggie principles
                              that I am missing?<br>
                              &gt;&gt;<br>
                              &gt;&gt;<br>
                              &gt;&gt;<br>
                              &gt;&gt; P<br>
                              &gt;&gt;<br>
                              &gt;&gt;<br>
                              &gt;&gt;<br>
                              &gt;&gt; Paul Rosenzweig<br>
                              &gt;&gt;<br>
                              &gt;&gt; <a moz-do-not-send="true"
                                href="mailto:paul.rosenzweig@redbranchconsulting.com"
                                target="_blank">paul.rosenzweig@redbranchconsu<wbr>lting.com</a><br>
                              &gt;&gt;<br>
                              &gt;&gt; O: <a moz-do-not-send="true"
                                href="tel:%2B1%20%28202%29%20547-0660"
                                value="+12025470660" target="_blank">+1
                                (202) 547-0660</a><br>
                              &gt;&gt;<br>
                              &gt;&gt; M: <a moz-do-not-send="true"
                                href="tel:%2B1%20%28202%29%20329-9650"
                                value="+12023299650" target="_blank">+1
                                (202) 329-9650</a><br>
                              &gt;&gt;<br>
                              &gt;&gt; VOIP: <a moz-do-not-send="true"
                                href="tel:%2B1%20%28202%29%20738-1739"
                                value="+12027381739" target="_blank">+1
                                (202) 738-1739</a><br>
                              &gt;&gt;<br>
                              &gt;&gt; <a moz-do-not-send="true"
                                href="http://www.redbranchconsulting.com"
                                rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">www.redbranchconsulting.com</a><br>
                              &gt;&gt;<br>
                              &gt;&gt; My PGP Key: <a
                                moz-do-not-send="true"
                                href="http://redbranchconsulting.com/who-we-are/public-pgp-key/"
                                rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">http://redbranchconsulting.com<wbr>/who-we-are/public-pgp-key/</a><br>
                              &gt;&gt;<br>
                              &gt;&gt;<br>
                              &gt;&gt;<br>
                              &gt;&gt; From: <a moz-do-not-send="true"
                                href="mailto:ws2-hr-bounces@icann.org"
                                target="_blank">ws2-hr-bounces@icann.org</a>
                              [mailto:<a moz-do-not-send="true"
                                href="mailto:ws2-hr-bounces@icann.org"
                                target="_blank">ws2-hr-bounces@icann.o<wbr>rg</a>]
                              On<br>
                              &gt;&gt; Behalf Of Greg Shatan<br>
                              &gt;&gt; Sent: Tuesday, September 6, 2016
                              10:58 AM<br>
                              &gt;&gt; To: Nigel Roberts &lt;<a
                                moz-do-not-send="true"
                                href="mailto:nigel@channelisles.net"
                                target="_blank">nigel@channelisles.net</a>&gt;<br>
                              &gt;&gt; Cc: <a moz-do-not-send="true"
                                href="mailto:ws2-hr@icann.org"
                                target="_blank">ws2-hr@icann.org</a><br>
                              &gt;&gt; Subject: Re: [Ws2-hr] When should
                              ICANN uphold human rights?<br>
                              &gt;&gt;<br>
                              &gt;&gt;<br>
                              &gt;&gt;<br>
                              &gt;&gt; I have a good deal of sympathy
                              with Nigel's position.  But that leaves us
                              with a significant issue:<br>
                              &gt;&gt;<br>
                              &gt;&gt;<br>
                              &gt;&gt;<br>
                              &gt;&gt; 1.  The Bylaw uses the verb
                              "respect."<br>
                              &gt;&gt;<br>
                              &gt;&gt; 2.  "Respect" has (at least
                              arguably) a settled meaning in the field
                              of corporations and human rights, from the
                              Ruggie Principles.<br>
                              &gt;&gt;<br>
                              &gt;&gt; 3.  It was not the intention of
                              the CCWG to adopt the Ruggie Principles'
                              definition of "respect."<br>
                              &gt;&gt;<br>
                              &gt;&gt; 4.  It's up to this group,
                              initially, to consider what we mean by
                              "respect" in the context of ICANN and
                              human rights (and our recommendations will
                              then go back to the CCWG and out for
                              public comment, etc.).<br>
                              &gt;&gt;<br>
                              &gt;&gt; 5.  If we do not recommend that
                              the Ruggie Principles' definition of
                              "respect" be adopted in its entirety, we
                              will either:<br>
                              &gt;&gt;<br>
                              &gt;&gt;      a. End up with a definition
                              of "respect" that varies from the<br>
                              &gt;&gt; Ruggie Principles, or<br>
                              &gt;&gt;<br>
                              &gt;&gt;      b. Need to recommend an
                              amendment of the Bylaws to change the word
                              "respect" to a word or phrase that is not
                              a "term of art" in the application of
                              human rights, and we will need to
                              recommend an appropriate word or phrase
                              for that purpose.<br>
                              &gt;&gt;<br>
                              &gt;&gt; 6.  Picking up on Nigel's last
                              point, we will need to understand and
                              explain "respect/protect/enforce" and
                              explain that our recommendation for what
                              ICANN should do does not fall into any of
                              those three defined terms as they are used
                              in the Ruggie Principles.  Frankly, we
                              need to do this sooner rather than later,
                              as it is really an essential part of our
                              task, and this discussion highlights how
                              careful we need to be in choosing certain
                              words in our discussion as well as our
                              recommendations.<br>
                              &gt;&gt;<br>
                              &gt;&gt;<br>
                              &gt;&gt;<br>
                              &gt;&gt; Greg<br>
                              &gt;&gt;<br>
                              &gt;&gt;<br>
                              &gt;&gt;<br>
                              &gt;&gt; On Tue, Sep 6, 2016 at 3:28 AM,
                              Nigel Roberts &lt;<a
                                moz-do-not-send="true"
                                href="mailto:nigel@channelisles.net"
                                target="_blank">nigel@channelisles.net</a>&gt;
                              wrote:<br>
                              &gt;&gt;<br>
                              &gt;&gt; Actually, I will strongly caution
                              against using terms-of-art with divergent
                              or 'roll-your-own' definitions.<br>
                              &gt;&gt;<br>
                              &gt;&gt; It may be tempting for ICANN to
                              create our own variant definiton of terms
                              like 'respect for', but this is likely to
                              cause confusion, and even potential
                              conflict with government actors (among
                              others) to whom human rights law, and
                              principles directly apply.<br>
                              &gt;&gt;<br>
                              &gt;&gt; I submit what we need to do is
                              understand fully and explain the meaning
                              of such terms-of-art and put them in the
                              context of ICANN's voluntary adoption of a
                              common, albeit basic, commitment to
                              fundamental rights standard.<br>
                              &gt;&gt;<br>
                              &gt;&gt; Re-definition, is not the way
                              forward, I suggest.<br>
                              &gt;&gt;<br>
                              &gt;&gt;<br>
                              &gt;&gt;<br>
                              &gt;&gt;<br>
                              &gt;&gt;<br>
                              &gt;&gt; On 06/09/16 03:12, Greg Shatan
                              wrote:<br>
                              &gt;&gt;<br>
                              &gt;&gt; A few quick comments on the
                              thread above.<br>
                              &gt;&gt;<br>
                              &gt;&gt; It is important that we be
                              precise with our verbs.  The Ruggie<br>
                              &gt;&gt; Principles use three verbs, each
                              with different meanings and with<br>
                              &gt;&gt; application to different actors:
                              "respect," "protect" and "enforce."<br>
                              &gt;&gt;   I'm not suggesting we should
                              adopt the Ruggie Principles' meanings<br>
                              &gt;&gt; for all of these words, but they
                              could be useful as a starting point.<br>
                              &gt;&gt; As a matter of fact, I don't
                              think we can or should adopt the Ruggie<br>
                              &gt;&gt; Principles' definition of
                              "respect" in the ICANN context.  But we<br>
                              &gt;&gt; should be careful about how we
                              use these words, and how we use other
                              verbs.<br>
                              &gt;&gt;<br>
                              &gt;&gt; As was already noted, "uphold" is
                              a whole new verb, with no standard<br>
                              &gt;&gt; meaning in the human rights
                              context that I'm aware of.  "Enforce" was<br>
                              &gt;&gt; also used in this thread, but in
                              a very different context than in the<br>
                              &gt;&gt; Ruggie Principles, where
                              "enforcement" applies only to the
                              activities<br>
                              &gt;&gt; of states.  We need to determine
                              what we mean by each verb we use, and<br>
                              &gt;&gt; especially by "respect" since it
                              appears in the Bylaw.<br>
                              &gt;&gt;<br>
                              &gt;&gt; I believe that Niels quoted from
                              the Ruggie Principles definition of<br>
                              &gt;&gt; respect earlier in this thread
                              when he referred to the draft FoI<br>
                              &gt;&gt; document.  I believe Paul Twomey
                              in particular has pointed out the<br>
                              &gt;&gt; significant issues that could
                              arise if ICANN were to adopt part (b) of<br>
                              &gt;&gt; this definition:<br>
                              &gt;&gt;<br>
                              &gt;&gt; (b) Seek to prevent or mitigate
                              adverse human rights impacts that are<br>
                              &gt;&gt; directly linked to their
                              operations, products or services by their<br>
                              &gt;&gt; business relationships, even if
                              they have not contributed to those
                              impacts.<br>
                              &gt;&gt;<br>
                              &gt;&gt; As I understand this, it requires
                              a party to exert pressure, through<br>
                              &gt;&gt; business relationships, on third
                              parties.   I don't think it's at all<br>
                              &gt;&gt; settled that ICANN's
                              relationships with applicants, registries
                              and<br>
                              &gt;&gt; registrars are "business
                              relationships," even where these parties
                              have<br>
                              &gt;&gt; contracts with ICANN.  But if
                              some or all of these are "business<br>
                              &gt;&gt; relationships," this could easily
                              be read to require ICANN to impose<br>
                              &gt;&gt; restrictions on registries and
                              registrars, and on applicants, that<br>
                              &gt;&gt; would be extremely broad-ranging
                              and may we be antithetical to ICANN's
                              mission.<br>
                              &gt;&gt;<br>
                              &gt;&gt; I generally agree with John
                              Curran regarding application concerns in<br>
                              &gt;&gt; the implementation phase.  Once
                              the ICANN policy process has resulted<br>
                              &gt;&gt; in recommendations which are
                              adopted, the primary focus in<br>
                              &gt;&gt; implementation needs to be
                              faithfully carrying out the policy<br>
                              &gt;&gt; recommendations. It's fair to
                              assume that human rights have been taken<br>
                              &gt;&gt; into account in the policy
                              development process, along with and<br>
                              &gt;&gt; balanced against other rights and
                              concerns, and that what results from<br>
                              &gt;&gt; the multistakeholder process
                              should be given effect in implementation.<br>
                              &gt;&gt;<br>
                              &gt;&gt; Greg<br>
                              &gt;&gt;<br>
                              &gt;&gt; On Mon, Sep 5, 2016 at 9:11 PM,
                              John Curran &lt;<a moz-do-not-send="true"
                                href="mailto:jcurran@istaff.org"
                                target="_blank">jcurran@istaff.org</a><br>
                              &gt;&gt;<br>
                              &gt;&gt; &lt;mailto:<a
                                moz-do-not-send="true"
                                href="mailto:jcurran@istaff.org"
                                target="_blank">jcurran@istaff.org</a>&gt;&gt;
                              wrote:<br>
                              &gt;&gt;<br>
                              &gt;&gt;     On Sep 5, 2016, at 6:38 PM,
                              Niels ten Oever<br>
                              &gt;&gt; &lt;<a moz-do-not-send="true"
                                href="mailto:lists@nielstenoever.net"
                                target="_blank">lists@nielstenoever.net</a><br>
                              &gt;&gt;<br>
                              &gt;&gt;     &lt;mailto:<a
                                moz-do-not-send="true"
                                href="mailto:lists@nielstenoever.net"
                                target="_blank">lists@nielstenoever.n<wbr>et</a>&gt;&gt;
                              wrote:<br>
                              &gt;&gt;<br>
                              &gt;&gt;     ...<br>
                              &gt;&gt;     b) Seek to prevent or
                              mitigate adverse human rights impacts that
                              are<br>
                              &gt;&gt;     directly linked to their
                              operations, products or services by their<br>
                              &gt;&gt;     business relationships, even
                              if they have not contributed to those<br>
                              &gt;&gt;     impacts.<br>
                              &gt;&gt;<br>
                              &gt;&gt;<br>
                              &gt;&gt;     Interesting predicament.  If
                              one imagines the potential for an<br>
                              &gt;&gt;     update to one of<br>
                              &gt;&gt;     the IANA registries that in
                              turn poses an impact to human rights –<br>
                              &gt;&gt;     i.e. following<br>
                              &gt;&gt;     the specific guidance from
                              the appropriate community that is<br>
                              &gt;&gt;     contracting with<br>
                              &gt;&gt;     ICANN/PTI for IANA services
                              would result in an HR impact, then the<br>
                              &gt;&gt;     above<br>
                              &gt;&gt;     proposed responsibility (to
                              prevent or mitigate...) would suggest<br>
                              &gt;&gt;     that ICANN<br>
                              &gt;&gt;     should to do otherwise.<br>
                              &gt;&gt;<br>
                              &gt;&gt;     Note that the event of
                              ICANN/PTI acting contrary to the clear<br>
                              &gt;&gt;     direction of one of<br>
                              &gt;&gt;     the respective communities
                              (names, numbers, protocols) with regard<br>
                              &gt;&gt;     to IANA<br>
                              &gt;&gt;     registry updates could easily
                              precipitate a crisis that results in<br>
                              &gt;&gt;     the end of ICANN,<br>
                              &gt;&gt;     and thus should probably be
                              avoided...<br>
                              &gt;&gt;<br>
                              &gt;&gt;     ICANN (including PTI) needs
                              to place the highest priority upon<br>
                              &gt;&gt;     fidelity to the<br>
                              &gt;&gt;     outcomes of the
                              multi-stakeholder process, since its
                              existence is<br>
                              &gt;&gt;     predicated<br>
                              &gt;&gt;     (particularly in a post-NTIA
                              contract environment) upon the<br>
                              &gt;&gt;     presupposition<br>
                              &gt;&gt;     of the validity of that
                              process.  This is also the reason why I<br>
                              &gt;&gt;     noted that there<br>
                              &gt;&gt;     is a significant difference
                              between application of HR principles<br>
                              &gt;&gt;     within the multi-<br>
                              &gt;&gt;     stakeholder policy
                              development process when compared to later
                              on<br>
                              &gt;&gt;     during the<br>
                              &gt;&gt;     policy implementation phases.<br>
                              &gt;&gt;<br>
                              &gt;&gt;     /John<br>
                              &gt;&gt;<br>
                              &gt;&gt;     Disclaimer: my views alone. 
                              Feel free to use, share, or discard as<br>
                              &gt;&gt;     desired.<br>
                              &gt;&gt;<br>
                              &gt;&gt;<br>
                              &gt;&gt;<br>
                              &gt;&gt;<br>
                              &gt;&gt;     _____________________________<wbr>__________________<br>
                              &gt;&gt;     Ws2-hr mailing list<br>
                              &gt;&gt;<br>
                              &gt;&gt;     <a moz-do-not-send="true"
                                href="mailto:Ws2-hr@icann.org"
                                target="_blank">Ws2-hr@icann.org</a>
                              &lt;mailto:<a moz-do-not-send="true"
                                href="mailto:Ws2-hr@icann.org"
                                target="_blank">Ws2-hr@icann.org</a>&gt;<br>
                              &gt;&gt;     <a moz-do-not-send="true"
                                href="https://mm.icann.org/mailman/listinfo/ws2-hr"
                                rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">https://mm.icann.org/mailman/<wbr>listinfo/ws2-hr</a><br>
                              &gt;&gt;     &lt;<a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="https://mm.icann.org/mailman/listinfo/ws2-hr" rel="noreferrer"
                                target="_blank">https://mm.icann.org/<wbr>mailman/listinfo/ws2-hr</a>&gt;<br>
                              &gt;&gt;<br>
                              &gt;&gt;<br>
                              &gt;&gt;<br>
                              &gt;&gt;<br>
                              &gt;&gt; ______________________________<wbr>_________________<br>
                              &gt;&gt; Ws2-hr mailing list<br>
                              &gt;&gt; <a moz-do-not-send="true"
                                href="mailto:Ws2-hr@icann.org"
                                target="_blank">Ws2-hr@icann.org</a><br>
                              &gt;&gt; <a moz-do-not-send="true"
                                href="https://mm.icann.org/mailman/listinfo/ws2-hr"
                                rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">https://mm.icann.org/mailman/l<wbr>istinfo/ws2-hr</a><br>
                              &gt;&gt;<br>
                              &gt;&gt; ______________________________<wbr>_________________<br>
                              &gt;&gt; Ws2-hr mailing list<br>
                              &gt;&gt; <a moz-do-not-send="true"
                                href="mailto:Ws2-hr@icann.org"
                                target="_blank">Ws2-hr@icann.org</a><br>
                              &gt;&gt; <a moz-do-not-send="true"
                                href="https://mm.icann.org/mailman/listinfo/ws2-hr"
                                rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">https://mm.icann.org/mailman/l<wbr>istinfo/ws2-hr</a><br>
                              &gt;&gt;<br>
                              &gt;&gt;<br>
                              &gt;&gt;<br>
                              &gt;&gt;<br>
                              &gt;&gt; ______________________________<wbr>_________________<br>
                              &gt;&gt; Ws2-hr mailing list<br>
                              &gt;&gt; <a moz-do-not-send="true"
                                href="mailto:Ws2-hr@icann.org"
                                target="_blank">Ws2-hr@icann.org</a><br>
                              &gt;&gt; <a moz-do-not-send="true"
                                href="https://mm.icann.org/mailman/listinfo/ws2-hr"
                                rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">https://mm.icann.org/mailman/l<wbr>istinfo/ws2-hr</a><br>
                              &gt; ______________________________<wbr>_________________<br>
                              &gt; Ws2-hr mailing list<br>
                              &gt; <a moz-do-not-send="true"
                                href="mailto:Ws2-hr@icann.org"
                                target="_blank">Ws2-hr@icann.org</a><br>
                              &gt; <a moz-do-not-send="true"
                                href="https://mm.icann.org/mailman/listinfo/ws2-hr"
                                rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">https://mm.icann.org/mailman/l<wbr>istinfo/ws2-hr</a><br>
                              &gt;<br>
                              &gt; ______________________________<wbr>__<br>
                              &gt;<br>
                              &gt; This message and any attachments are
                              intended only for the use of the
                              individual or entity to which they are
                              addressed. If the reader of this message
                              or an attachment is not the intended
                              recipient or the employee or agent
                              responsible for delivering the message or
                              attachment to the intended recipient you
                              are hereby notified that any
                              dissemination, distribution or copying of
                              this message or any attachment is strictly
                              prohibited. If you have received this
                              communication in error, please notify us
                              immediately by replying to the sender. The
                              information transmitted in this message
                              and any attachments may be privileged, is
                              intended only for the personal and
                              confidential use of the intended
                              recipients, and is covered by the
                              Electronic Communications Privacy Act, 18
                              U.S.C. §2510-2521.<br>
                              &gt; ______________________________<wbr>_________________<br>
                              &gt; Ws2-hr mailing list<br>
                              &gt; <a moz-do-not-send="true"
                                href="mailto:Ws2-hr@icann.org"
                                target="_blank">Ws2-hr@icann.org</a><br>
                              &gt; <a moz-do-not-send="true"
                                href="https://mm.icann.org/mailman/listinfo/ws2-hr"
                                rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">https://mm.icann.org/mailman/l<wbr>istinfo/ws2-hr</a><br>
                              <br>
                              ______________________________<wbr>_________________<br>
                              Ws2-hr mailing list<br>
                              <a moz-do-not-send="true"
                                href="mailto:Ws2-hr@icann.org"
                                target="_blank">Ws2-hr@icann.org</a><br>
                              <a moz-do-not-send="true"
                                href="https://mm.icann.org/mailman/listinfo/ws2-hr"
                                rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">https://mm.icann.org/mailman/l<wbr>istinfo/ws2-hr</a><br>
                            </div>
                          </div>
                        </blockquote>
                      </div>
                      <br>
                    </div>
                  </blockquote>
                  <br>
                </div>
              </div>
            </div>
          </blockquote>
        </div>
        <br>
      </div>
    </blockquote>
    <br>
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