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<p class="MsoNormal">I too agree with Tijani’s well-stated contribution. <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">In my opinion, (1) the UNGPs/Ruggie Principles are an excellent resource for businesses to use to take account of the human rights impacts of their products and services, and (2) ICANN is not an ordinary business.
<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Principal 18 of the UNGPs describes an extraordinarily broad assessment for an organization coordinating the DNS. It says that businesses should identify and assess any actual or
<u>potential</u> adverse human rights impacts with which they may be <u>involved</u> – even if only as a result of their
<u>business relationships</u> rather than as a result of their own actions (my emphasis).<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">“Potential” is obviously capable of a vast reading. “Involved” could mean assessing the impact of content among other things outside ICANN’s remit, no? And Principle 13 defines “business relationships” to include “entities in its value
chain” and entities “directly linked to its business operations, products or services” – so the UNGPs would require assessment down to the registrant level it seems.
<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">This strikes me as being far beyond the bylaw language saying, “<span style="background:white">This Core Value does not create, and shall not be interpreted to create, any obligation on </span>ICANN<span style="background:white"> outside
its Mission, or beyond obligations found in applicable law.”<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="background:white"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="background:white">If reference is made to the UNGPs in the considerations document in mandatory rather than discretionary terms then the UNGPs will be included in the considerations document and IRP panels will turn to them
in cases where more explanatory context might be needed – a sort of “legislative history” to the ICANN bylaw. In my opinion that would be contrary to the bylaw itself. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="background:white"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white"><span style="background:white">As part of the newly constituted drafting team, I will separately send suggested text as discussed yesterday that will be in line with these thoughts expressed here. </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Best regards,<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">David<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">David McAuley<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Sr International Policy & Business Development Manager<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Verisign Inc.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">703-948-4154<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><b>From:</b> ws2-hr-bounces@icann.org [mailto:ws2-hr-bounces@icann.org]
<b>On Behalf Of </b>Schaefer, Brett<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Wednesday, August 09, 2017 8:14 AM<br>
<b>To:</b> Tijani BEN JEMAA <tijani.benjemaa@topnet.tn><br>
<b>Cc:</b> ws2-hr@icann.org<br>
<b>Subject:</b> [EXTERNAL] Re: [Ws2-hr] Redline and also excerpt from Considerations re ICANN.org reviewing framework with SOs and ACs<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:12.0pt">I agree with Tijani. <o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#004B8D">Brett</span></b>
<b><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#004B8D">Schaefer</span></b><i><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#58595B"><br>
Jay Kingham Senior Research Fellow in International Regulatory Affairs<br>
Margaret Thatcher Center for Freedom Davis Institute for National Security and Foreign Policy</span></i><br>
<span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#58595B">The Heritage Foundation<br>
214 Massachusetts Avenue, NE<br>
Washington, DC 20002<br>
202-608-6097</span><br>
<span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#004B8D"><a href="http://heritage.org/"><span style="color:#004B8D;text-decoration:none">heritage.org</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">__________<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:12.0pt"><br>
On Aug 9, 2017, at 7:53 AM, Tijani BEN JEMAA <<a href="mailto:tijani.benjemaa@topnet.tn">tijani.benjemaa@topnet.tn</a>> wrote:<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#002E7A">Dear Anne and all,</span> <o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#002E7A">I understand that we try to integrate the comments received in our text, but there are 2 main things that I believe important to take into considération:</span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<span style="color:#002E7A">The Ruggie Principles were discussed in length from the very beginning, and the decision inside the sub-group was not to use them for the main reason that they are for business entreprises and ICANN is not a business entreprise.
Yes, I know Anne that we are speaking about the consideration document and not the FoI itself. But can you please tell me what will be the use of those « considerations »? They will accompany the FoI we are proposing and thus will be taken into consideration.
The « UNGPs » are exactly the « Ruggie Principles ». Bringing them back on the table is not appropriate in my opinion.</span><o:p></o:p></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;margin-left:0in;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1">
<span style="color:#002E7A">I agree with Tatiana that it is not in our remit to tell ICANN the org whether it should offer remediation, which is related to implementation, not interpretation. </span><o:p></o:p></li></ol>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="color:#365F91">Tijani BEN JEMAA</span></b><span style="color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#365F91">Executive Director</span><span style="color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#365F91">Mediterranean Federation of Internet Associations (<b>FMAI</b>)</span><span style="color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#365F91">Phone: +216 98 330 114</span><span style="color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#365F91"> </span><span style="color:black"> </span><span style="color:#365F91">+216 52 385 114</span><span style="color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#365F91">-----------------------------------------------------------------------------</span><span style="color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:black"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">Le 8 août 2017 à 23:57, Aikman-Scalese, Anne <<a href="mailto:AAikman@lrrc.com">AAikman@lrrc.com</a>> a écrit :<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D">Hi Brett and Steve,</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D">First I want to note that the change being discussed relates to the “Considerations” document and not to the FOI itself.</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D"> </span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D">I was quite vocal on today’s call about not imposing any particular tool on the PDP process and about the idea that if ICANN org wants to propose a Human Rights “framework”, the Board would need to present that
idea to the SOs and ACs for PDP work. (Our Considerations doc already says this.) So several of us expressed the view that the use of the word “Framework” in connection with what ICANN Org can do regarding its own internal operations is not appropriate.</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D"> </span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D">As later clarified by Niels, he was trying to accommodate public comment by the governments of the UK, Brazil, and Switzerland by talking about the availability of certain of the tools suggested in Ruggie to
gauge IMPACT on the organization. This is a much narrower change which deals with assessment tools rather than frameworks for addressing Human Rights concerns. (I think there was no objection to deleting “for further remediation” from the proposed language.) <span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D"> </span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D">This is why I suggested the compromise of referring to “tools” (instead of “frameworks”) in the Considerations document and gave the specific example of Principle 18 of Ruggie as a possible assessment tool available
to ICANN the organization. </span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D"> </span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D">Principle 18 provides as shown below. Principle 18(b) appears to me to be quite consistent with the Multi-Stakeholder Model and actually preferable to the use of an HRIA tool alone since the folks who conduct
HRIAs are not used to the ICANN Model and are not used to balancing Core Values as ICANN is required to do by the ByLaw. Nor are they at all used to according each Human Right equal weight so I think Principle 18)b) is particularly useful in this exercise. <span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D"> </span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D">Concerning the use of the word “business relationships” in Principle 18, I think it would have to be clarified that we are not talking about Contracted Party business relationships. Any assessment of or changes
to those contracts would have to be the subject of Consensus Policy developed via PDP.</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D"> </span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif">18.</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif">In order to gauge human rights risks, business enterprises should identify</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif">and assess any actual or potential adverse human rights impacts with</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif">which they may be involved either through their own activities or as a</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif">result of their business relationships. This process should:</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif">(a)</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif">Draw on internal and/or independent external human rights</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif">expertise;</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif">(b)</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif">Involve meaningful consultation with potentially affected groups</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif">and other relevant stakeholders, as appropriate to the size of the</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif">business enterprise and the nature and context of the operation.</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#AF272F">Anne E. Aikman-Scalese</span></b><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#1F497D"><a href="mailto:AAikman@lrrc.com" target="_new" title="Email User"><span style="color:#323232">AAikman@lrrc.com</span></a></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#323232">_____________________________</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#323232">Tucson, Arizona 85701-1611</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma",sans-serif">From:</span></b><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma",sans-serif"> </span></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma",sans-serif">Steve
DelBianco [<a href="mailto:sdelbianco@netchoice.org"><span style="color:purple">mailto:sdelbianco@netchoice.org</span></a>]<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><br>
<b>Sent:</b><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>Tuesday, August 08, 2017 3:35 PM<br>
<b>To:</b><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>Schaefer, Brett; Aikman-Scalese, Anne<br>
<b>Cc:</b><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="mailto:ws2-hr@icann.org"><span style="color:purple">ws2-hr@icann.org</span></a><br>
<b>Subject:</b><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>Re: [Ws2-hr] Redline and also excerpt from Considerations re<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://icann.org/"><span style="color:purple">ICANN.org</span></a><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>reviewing
framework with SOs and ACs</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt">Agree with Brett on this: we will not have consensus to impose any particular HR instrument on the policy development process in gNSO and ccNSO.</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"> </span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt">From:<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span></b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><<a href="mailto:ws2-hr-bounces@icann.org"><span style="color:purple">ws2-hr-bounces@icann.org</span></a>> on behalf
of "Schaefer, Brett" <<a href="mailto:Brett.Schaefer@heritage.org"><span style="color:purple">Brett.Schaefer@heritage.org</span></a>><br>
<b>Date:<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></b>Tuesday, August 8, 2017 at 4:50 PM<br>
<b>To:<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></b>"Aikman-Scalese, Anne" <<a href="mailto:AAikman@lrrc.com"><span style="color:purple">AAikman@lrrc.com</span></a>><br>
<b>Cc:<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></b>"<a href="mailto:ws2-hr@icann.org"><span style="color:purple">ws2-hr@icann.org</span></a>" <<a href="mailto:ws2-hr@icann.org"><span style="color:purple">ws2-hr@icann.org</span></a>><br>
<b>Subject:<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></b>Re: [Ws2-hr] Redline and also excerpt from Considerations re<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://icann.org/"><span style="color:purple">ICANN.org</span></a><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>reviewing
framework with SOs and ACs</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"> </span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:12.0pt"><span style="font-size:12.0pt">Granted, I have not been active lately, but the last I knew specific references to any HR instrument or the UNGPs had been deemed outside of consensus. How does this keep coming
back into the text?</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#004B8D">BrettSchaefer</span></b><i><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#58595B"><br>
Jay Kingham Senior Research Fellow in International Regulatory Affairs<br>
Margaret Thatcher Center for Freedom Davis Institute for National Security and Foreign Policy</span></i><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><br>
</span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#58595B">The Heritage Foundation<br>
214 Massachusetts Avenue, NE<br>
Washington, DC 20002<br>
202-608-6097</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><br>
</span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#004B8D"><a href="http://heritage.org/"><span style="color:#004B8D;text-decoration:none">heritage.org</span></a></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt">__________</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:12.0pt"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><br>
On Aug 8, 2017, at 4:06 PM, Aikman-Scalese, Anne <<a href="mailto:AAikman@lrrc.com"><span style="color:purple">AAikman@lrrc.com</span></a>> wrote:</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D">Personally, I agree with Niels that if<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://icann.org/"><span style="color:purple">ICANN.org</span></a><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>decides
by a vote of the Board of Directors to use Ruggie as an assessment tool and then presents those results to the SOs and ACs for further consideration in the policy development processes, that is fine. Don’t know whether the cost of such an assessment would
create a budgetary issue. I also think we should be careful not to create possible liability or evidence that would be used to support action against the ICANN Board/organization.</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D"> </span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#AF272F">Anne E. Aikman-Scalese</span></b><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#323232">_____________________________</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#323232">Tucson, Arizona 85701-1611</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D"> </span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma",sans-serif">From:</span></b><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma",sans-serif"> </span></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma",sans-serif">Aikman-Scalese,
Anne<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><br>
<b>Sent:</b><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>Tuesday, August 08, 2017 1:01 PM<br>
<b>To:</b><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="mailto:ws2-hr@icann.org"><span style="color:purple">ws2-hr@icann.org</span></a><br>
<b>Subject:</b><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>Redline and also excerpt from Considerations re<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://icann.org/"><span style="color:purple">ICANN.org</span></a><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>reviewing
framework with SOs and ACs</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">In the Considerations document, we also have language which tries to protect the role of SOs and ACs as follows:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;background:white">“When developing corporate or operational policies, and executing its operations, ICANN the organization should take the Human Rights Core Value into account. In order to do
so ICANN the organization should propose a framework to the community, which should include multistakeholder involvement in its development, and regular review.”</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D"> </span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D"> </span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#AF272F">Anne E. Aikman-Scalese</span></b><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#323232">_____________________________</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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