<html>
  <head>
    <meta content="text/html; charset=utf-8" http-equiv="Content-Type">
  </head>
  <body bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000">
    <p><br>
    </p>
    <br>
    <div class="moz-cite-prefix">On Monday 17 October 2016 09:47 PM,
      Greg Shatan wrote:<br>
    </div>
    <blockquote
cite="mid:CA+aOHURhwFYngTD+yy8xc7KQPdfaSnos7Sbo3GqoOE52xv8eOw@mail.gmail.com"
      type="cite">
      <div dir="ltr">
        <div class="gmail_quote">I would like to clarify one statement
          that I made earlier, since it seems to have been
          misunderstood.</div>
      </div>
    </blockquote>
    snip<br>
    <blockquote
cite="mid:CA+aOHURhwFYngTD+yy8xc7KQPdfaSnos7Sbo3GqoOE52xv8eOw@mail.gmail.com"
      type="cite">
      <div dir="ltr">
        <div class="gmail_quote">
          <div><font face="verdana, sans-serif"> <b>It appears that in
                Civil law, stemming from Roman law, the terms
                <div class="gmail_default"
                  style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif;display:inline">​"public
                  law" and "private law" ​</div>
                are used
                <div class="gmail_default"
                  style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif;display:inline">​to
                  ​distinguish and </div>
                define
                <div class="gmail_default"
                  style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif;display:inline">​,
                  respectively​</div>
                (i) laws
                <div class="gmail_default"
                  style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif;display:inline">​
                  created by the state​</div>
                governing the activities of the state and the
                interaction between the state and the individual or
                private entity vs. laws
                <div class="gmail_default"
                  style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif;display:inline">​created
                  by the state ​</div>
                governing the activities of individuals/private entities
                and their interaction with each other.
                <div class="gmail_default"
                  style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif;display:inline">​
                   Thus, in Civil Law, public law and private law
                  together make up the entire body of state-created
                  law.  By contrast, in Common Law usage​, at least in
                  the U.S., "public law" refers to the entire body of
                  state-created law.</div>
              </b></font></div>
          <div><font face="verdana, sans-serif"><b><br>
              </b></font></div>
          <div><font face="verdana, sans-serif">
              <div class="gmail_default"
                style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif;display:inline"><b>​</b>(As
                a side note, judge-made precedent generally does not
                have the binding effect in Civil Law that it does in
                Common Law, but that's not really relevant here.) <b>​</b></div>
              <br>
            </font></div>
          <div><font face="verdana, sans-serif">
              <div class="gmail_default"
                style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif;display:inline"><b><br>
                </b></div>
            </font></div>
          <div><span style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif">
              <div class="gmail_default"
                style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif;display:inline">​Moving
                on, ​</div>
              ​I think ​
              <div class="gmail_default"
                style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif;display:inline">​the
                distinction between "private law" and "public law"
                creates confusion rather than clarity in this
                discussion.​  Perhaps it would be better to distinguish
                between "state actions" (i.e., disputes initiated by the
                state against a private party) and "private actions"
                (i.e., disputes initiated by one private party against
                another).</div>
            </span></div>
        </div>
      </div>
    </blockquote>
    <br>
    There are many cases where either state or a private party could
    initiate action under the same law.....<br>
    <br>
    IMHO, the real distinction that we may be interested in about
    whether (1) choice of jurisdiction is available or (2) not . We as a
    group are looking at what we/ ICANN can "do" about the jurisdiction
    issue, and therefore the degrees of freedom available is the key
    element to consider here.<br>
    <br>
    In cases where choice of jurisdiction may be available, as in
    writing contracts, we have a set of issues and recs to determine,
    for instance, if a contract is regarding activities that are largely
    going to take place in one particular country, it may be prudent to
    put that choice of jurisdiction in the contract. This WG can perhaps
    give a set of recs like this one.<br>
    <br>
    In cases where no choice of jurisdiction is available, the key issue
    to determine is (1) whether this situation is sufferable, and the
    problems it creates are not too acute and/ or can be contained in
    other ways, and/or (2) whether any possibility of immunisation from
    US jurisdiction is available, and workable. <br>
    <br>
    parminder <br>
    <br>
    <br>
    <br>
    <br>
    <blockquote
cite="mid:CA+aOHURhwFYngTD+yy8xc7KQPdfaSnos7Sbo3GqoOE52xv8eOw@mail.gmail.com"
      type="cite">
      <div dir="ltr">
        <div class="gmail_quote">
          <div><br>
          </div>
          <div><span style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif">
              <div class="gmail_default"
                style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif;display:inline"><br>
              </div>
            </span></div>
          <div><span style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif">
              <div class="gmail_default"
                style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif;display:inline">Greg</div>
            </span></div>
          <div><br>
          </div>
          <div><font face="verdana, sans-serif">
              <div class="gmail_default"
                style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif;display:inline"><b><br>
                </b></div>
            </font></div>
          <div><font face="verdana, sans-serif">
              <div class="gmail_default"
                style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif;display:inline"><b><br>
                </b></div>
            </font></div>
          <div><font face="verdana, sans-serif">
              <div class="gmail_default"
                style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif;display:inline"><b><br>
                </b></div>
            </font></div>
          <div><font face="verdana, sans-serif">
              <div class="gmail_default"
                style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif;display:inline"><b><br>
                </b></div>
            </font></div>
        </div>
        <div class="gmail_extra"></div>
      </div>
    </blockquote>
    <br>
  </body>
</html>