<div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif"><div class="gmail_default">All,</div><div class="gmail_default"><br></div><div class="gmail_default">I think it would be helpful to remind ourselves of the "Multiple Layers of Jurisdiction" set out in Work Stream 1. It would also be helpful to be accurate, specific and clear which layer one is referring to when talking about "jurisdiction," or the effect(s) of "jurisdiction." </div><div class="gmail_default"><br></div><div class="gmail_default">The word "jurisdiction" is being used very loosely in some of our discussions. It is not particularly helpful to use the term "jurisdiction" vaguely or ambiguously, or as if it were a monolithic concept.</div><div class="gmail_default"><br></div><div class="gmail_default">Here is a summary of the "Multiple Layers of Jurisdiction," adapted from the Subgroup's working document of the same name (underlined text is the suggested short name for the layer):</div><div class="gmail_default"><br></div><div class="gmail_default"><p class="gmail-MsoNormalCxSpFirst"><b><span style="color:black">MULTIPLE LAYERS OF JURISDICTION</span></b></p><p class="gmail-MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:0.25in"><span style="color:black">1.<span style="font-variant-numeric:normal;font-stretch:normal;font-size:7pt;line-height:normal;font-family:"times new roman""> </span></span><b><span style="color:black">Jurisdiction of <u>Incorporation</u></span></b><span style="color:black">.</span></p><p class="gmail-MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:0.5in"><span style="color:black">a.<span style="font-variant-numeric:normal;font-stretch:normal;font-size:7pt;line-height:normal;font-family:"times new roman""> </span></span><span style="color:black">The jurisdiction in which an entity is legally incorporated.</span></p><p class="gmail-MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:0.25in"><span style="color:black">2.<span style="font-variant-numeric:normal;font-stretch:normal;font-size:7pt;line-height:normal;font-family:"times new roman""> </span></span><b><span style="color:black">Jurisdiction of <u>Headquarters Location</u>.</span></b><span style="color:black"></span></p><p class="gmail-MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:0.5in"><span style="color:black">a.<span style="font-variant-numeric:normal;font-stretch:normal;font-size:7pt;line-height:normal;font-family:"times new roman""> </span></span><span style="color:black">The jurisdiction in which an entity’s headquarters is physically located.</span></p><p class="gmail-MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:0.25in"><span style="color:black">3.<span style="font-variant-numeric:normal;font-stretch:normal;font-size:7pt;line-height:normal;font-family:"times new roman""> </span></span><b><span style="color:black">Jurisdiction of other places of <u>physical presence</u>.</span></b><span style="color:black"></span></p><p class="gmail-MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:0.5in"><span style="color:black">a.<span style="font-variant-numeric:normal;font-stretch:normal;font-size:7pt;line-height:normal;font-family:"times new roman""> </span></span><span style="color:black">Other places where an entity maintains an ongoing physical presence<u> </u>sufficient to subject the entity and its actions to some or all of the laws of that jurisdiction (as Incorporation and Headquarters Jurisdiction do).</span></p><p class="gmail-MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:0.5in"><span style="color:black">b.<span style="font-variant-numeric:normal;font-stretch:normal;font-size:7pt;line-height:normal;font-family:"times new roman""> </span></span><span style="color:black">This may also determine whether an entity can be subject to suit in the courts of that jurisdiction (i.e., “<u>personal jurisdiction</u>”).</span></p><p class="gmail-MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:0.25in"><span style="color:black">4.<span style="font-variant-numeric:normal;font-stretch:normal;font-size:7pt;line-height:normal;font-family:"times new roman""> </span></span><b><span style="color:black">Jurisdiction for the law to be used in interpretation of contracts, etc. (<u>Governing Law/Choice of Law</u>) and actions of the Empowered Community.</span></b><span style="color:black"></span></p><p class="gmail-MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:0.5in"><span style="color:black">a.<span style="font-variant-numeric:normal;font-stretch:normal;font-size:7pt;line-height:normal;font-family:"times new roman""> </span></span><span style="color:black">The jurisdiction whose laws will be used to interpret the rights and responsibilities of parties to a contract, whether in the normal course of business or during a dispute (e.g., litigation, arbitration or other dispute resolution mechanism). </span></p><p class="gmail-MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:0.5in"><span style="color:black">b.<span style="font-variant-numeric:normal;font-stretch:normal;font-size:7pt;line-height:normal;font-family:"times new roman""> </span></span><span style="color:black">More broadly, the substantive law to be applied during a litigation, arbitration or other dispute resolution mechanism.</span></p><p class="gmail-MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:0.5in"><span style="color:black">c.<span style="font-variant-numeric:normal;font-stretch:normal;font-size:7pt;line-height:normal;font-family:"times new roman""> </span></span><span style="color:black">In matters involving agreements, the governing law may have been specified in the agreement (e.g., in a “choice of law” clause). </span></p><p class="gmail-MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:0.5in"><span style="color:black">d.<span style="font-variant-numeric:normal;font-stretch:normal;font-size:7pt;line-height:normal;font-family:"times new roman""> </span></span><span style="color:black">If no governing law is specified or in non-contract cases, the governing law will be determined by the judge, panel or other decision-maker using principles of “conflicts of laws”, typically after submissions by the parties.</span></p><p class="gmail-MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:0.25in"><span style="color:black">5.<span style="font-variant-numeric:normal;font-stretch:normal;font-size:7pt;line-height:normal;font-family:"times new roman""> </span></span><b><span style="color:black">Jurisdiction for the physical location of litigation of disputes (<u>Venue</u>)</span></b><span style="color:black">.</span></p><p class="gmail-MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:0.5in"><span style="color:black">a.<span style="font-variant-numeric:normal;font-stretch:normal;font-size:7pt;line-height:normal;font-family:"times new roman""> </span></span><span style="color:black">The forum in which the dispute will be heard:</span></p><p class="gmail-MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:0.75in"><span style="color:black">i)<span style="font-variant-numeric:normal;font-stretch:normal;font-size:7pt;line-height:normal;font-family:"times new roman""> </span></span><span style="color:black">The type of proceeding (e.g., litigation (including the type of court), arbitration (including the provider/rules), IRP, etc.).</span></p><p class="gmail-MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:0.75in"><span style="color:black">ii)<span style="font-variant-numeric:normal;font-stretch:normal;font-size:7pt;line-height:normal;font-family:"times new roman""> </span></span><span style="color:black">The provider of that proceeding (e.g., Federal or national court, state or local court, an arbitration provider, etc.).</span></p><p class="gmail-MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:0.75in"><span style="color:black">iii)<span style="font-variant-numeric:normal;font-stretch:normal;font-size:7pt;line-height:normal;font-family:"times new roman""> </span></span><span style="color:black">The physical location (if any) in which the proceeding will take place (e.g., the country, state/province, city, etc.).</span></p><p class="gmail-MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:0.75in"><span style="color:black">iv)<span style="font-variant-numeric:normal;font-stretch:normal;font-size:7pt;line-height:normal;font-family:"times new roman""> </span></span><span style="color:black">A separate but related concept is “<u>subject matter jurisdiction</u>” (i.e., whether the court or other forum has the power to hear a case about a particular type of subject matter)</span></p><p class="gmail-MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:0.25in"><span style="color:black">6.<span style="font-variant-numeric:normal;font-stretch:normal;font-size:7pt;line-height:normal;font-family:"times new roman""> </span></span><b><span style="color:black">Relationships with national jurisdictions for particular domestic issues.</span></b><span style="color:black"></span></p><p class="gmail-MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:0.5in"><span style="color:black">a.<span style="font-variant-numeric:normal;font-stretch:normal;font-size:7pt;line-height:normal;font-family:"times new roman""> </span></span><span style="color:black">This “layer” was listed as one of the layers of jurisdiction in Annex 12.</span></p><p class="gmail-MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:0.25in"><span style="color:black">7.<span style="font-variant-numeric:normal;font-stretch:normal;font-size:7pt;line-height:normal;font-family:"times new roman""> </span></span><b><span style="color:black">Meeting NTIA requirements.</span></b><span style="color:black"></span></p><p class="gmail-MsoNormalCxSpFirst"></p><p class="gmail-MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left:0.5in"><span style="color:black">a.<span style="font-variant-numeric:normal;font-stretch:normal;font-size:7pt;line-height:normal;font-family:"times new roman""> </span></span><span style="color:black">This “layer” was listed as one of the layers of jurisdiction in Annex 12.</span></p><div><font color="#000000">We should make a conspicuous effort to relate any discussions of "jurisdiction" back to the specific "layer(s)" of jurisdiction we are referring to. This will help us have more effective discussions and to produce more useful output from those discussions.</font></div><div><font color="#000000"><br></font></div><div><font color="#000000">Greg</font></div></div></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif"><br></div><div><div class="gmail_signature"><div dir="ltr"><div><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div><p style="font-size:12.8px;text-indent:0in"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:arial,sans-serif"></span></p></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div>
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