proposed changes to tz data

Paul Eggert eggert at twinsun.com
Thu Aug 18 18:11:25 UTC 1994


I went through all the messages to the tz list in the past weeks
plus a few notes I had made to myself, and came up with the following
proposed changes to the tz data.  Aside from comments, the changes are:

* Adjust the Australia/Adelaide rule to reflect known behavior since 1990
reported by John Connolly, Robert Elz, and Bradley White.

* Adjust Asia/Novosibirsk to reflect that it switched time zones in
March, as reported by Stanislaw Kuzikowski.  Add a new zone
Asia/Tomsk, since Tomsk did not switch and we need a Russian city that
is +0700.

* Change `Asia/Almaty' to `Asia/Alma-Ata'.  This is in keeping with
the policy of using traditional English names.  And even the
_Economist_, which brought up the name `Almaty' in the first place,
has gone back to calling that city `Alma-Ata'.

* Repair LMT typos for Atlantic/Faeroe, Europe/Vaduz,
Pacific/Enderbury, and Pacific/Wallis (thanks to Gwillim Law);
and for Europe/London (thanks to Peter Ilieve).

* Include two more historical events where the clock changed by 24
hours, one in Asia/Manila in 1844, the other in Pacific/Samoa in 1879.
I still don't know the details about America/Anchorage in 1867.

The most important changes to commentary are notes under GB-Eire and
M-Eur about the proposed 7th EU daylight savings time directive;
thanks to Peter Ilieve for this.  A simple switch of commentary and
code can be done if the EU proposal is adopted.

diff -c ty/asia tz/asia
*** ty/asia	Sat Jun  4 10:12:51 1994
--- tz/asia	Thu Aug 18 09:36:57 1994
***************
*** 4,10 ****
  # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
  # tz at elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future).
  
! # From Paul Eggert <eggert at twinsun.com> (November 18, 1993):
  #
  # A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is
  # Thomas G. Shanks, The International Atlas (3rd edition),
--- 4,10 ----
  # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
  # tz at elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future).
  
! # From Paul Eggert <eggert at twinsun.com> (August 18, 1994):
  #
  # A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is
  # Thomas G. Shanks, The International Atlas (3rd edition),
***************
*** 15,20 ****
--- 15,24 ----
  # Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which
  # I found in the UCLA library.
  #
+ # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
+ # Derek Howse, Greenwich time and the discovery of the longitude,
+ # Oxford University Press (1980).
+ #
  # I invented the abbreviations marked `*' in the following table;
  # the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources.
  # Corrections are welcome!
***************
*** 287,293 ****
  			5:30	-	IST	1942 Sep
  			5:30	1:00	IST	1945 Oct 15
  			5:30	-	IST
! # The following are like India/Calcutta:
  #	Andaman Is
  #	Lakshadweep (Laccadive, Minicoy and Amindivi Is)
  #	Nicobar Is
--- 291,297 ----
  			5:30	-	IST	1942 Sep
  			5:30	1:00	IST	1945 Oct 15
  			5:30	-	IST
! # The following are like Asia/Calcutta:
  #	Andaman Is
  #	Lakshadweep (Laccadive, Minicoy and Amindivi Is)
  #	Nicobar Is
***************
*** 509,519 ****
  			2:00	Jordan	EET%s
  
  # Kazakhstan
- # From Paul Eggert <eggert at twinsun.com> (November 18, 1993):
- # Before 1993, Almaty was known by its Russian name ``Alma-Ata''.
  # From Shanks (1991):
  # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
! Zone	Asia/Almaty	5:07:48 -	LMT	1924 May  2
  			5:00	-	TSK	1957 Mar
  			6:00	Russia	TS%s
  
--- 513,521 ----
  			2:00	Jordan	EET%s
  
  # Kazakhstan
  # From Shanks (1991):
  # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
! Zone	Asia/Alma-Ata	5:07:48 -	LMT	1924 May  2
  			5:00	-	TSK	1957 Mar
  			6:00	Russia	TS%s
  
***************
*** 673,678 ****
--- 675,682 ----
  # This will undoubtedly change soon.
  
  # Philippines
+ # Howse writes (p 162) that until 1844 the Philippines kept American date.
+ # The rest of this data is from Shanks.
  # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
  Rule	Phil	1899	only	-	May	11	0:00	0	S
  Rule	Phil	1936	only	-	Nov	1	0:00	1:00	D
***************
*** 682,688 ****
  Rule	Phil	1978	only	-	Mar	22	0:00	1:00	D
  Rule	Phil	1978	only	-	Sep	21	0:00	0	S
  # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
! Zone	Asia/Manila	8:04:00 -	LMT	1899 May 11
  			8:00	Phil	P%sT	1942 May
  			9:00	-	JST	1944 Nov
  			8:00	Phil	P%sT
--- 686,693 ----
  Rule	Phil	1978	only	-	Mar	22	0:00	1:00	D
  Rule	Phil	1978	only	-	Sep	21	0:00	0	S
  # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
! Zone	Asia/Manila	-15:56:00 -	LMT	1844
! 			8:04:00 -	LMT	1899 May 11
  			8:00	Phil	P%sT	1942 May
  			9:00	-	JST	1944 Nov
  			8:00	Phil	P%sT
diff -c ty/australasia tz/australasia
*** ty/australasia	Mon Feb  7 06:57:49 1994
--- tz/australasia	Thu Aug 18 09:07:12 1994
***************
*** 52,58 ****
  Rule	AS	1972	only	-	Feb	27	3:00	0	-
  Rule	AS	1973	1985	-	Mar	Sun>=1	3:00	0	-
  Rule	AS	1986	1989	-	Mar	Sun>=15	3:00	0	-
! Rule	AS	1990	max	even	Mar	Sun>=22	3:00	0	-
  Rule	AS	1990	max	odd	Mar	Sun>=1	3:00	0	-
  # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
  Zone Australia/Adelaide	9:14:20 -	LMT	1895 Feb
--- 52,58 ----
  Rule	AS	1972	only	-	Feb	27	3:00	0	-
  Rule	AS	1973	1985	-	Mar	Sun>=1	3:00	0	-
  Rule	AS	1986	1989	-	Mar	Sun>=15	3:00	0	-
! Rule	AS	1990	max	even	Mar	Sun>=18	3:00	0	-
  Rule	AS	1990	max	odd	Mar	Sun>=1	3:00	0	-
  # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
  Zone Australia/Adelaide	9:14:20 -	LMT	1895 Feb
***************
*** 181,187 ****
  # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
  Zone Pacific/Tarawa	 11:32:04 -	LMT	1901		# Bairiki
  			 12:00	-	NZST
! Zone Pacific/Enderbury	-12:35:40 -	LMT	1901
  			-12:00	-	KJT	1979 Oct
  			-11:00	-	SST
  Zone Pacific/Kiritimati	-10:29:20 -	LMT	1901
--- 181,187 ----
  # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
  Zone Pacific/Tarawa	 11:32:04 -	LMT	1901		# Bairiki
  			 12:00	-	NZST
! Zone Pacific/Enderbury	-11:24:20 -	LMT	1901
  			-12:00	-	KJT	1979 Oct
  			-11:00	-	SST
  Zone Pacific/Kiritimati	-10:29:20 -	LMT	1901
***************
*** 330,336 ****
  
  # Wallis and Futuna
  # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
! Zone	Pacific/Wallis	11:44:40 -	LMT	1901
  			12:00	-	NZST
  
  # Western Samoa
--- 330,336 ----
  
  # Wallis and Futuna
  # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
! Zone	Pacific/Wallis	12:15:20 -	LMT	1901
  			12:00	-	NZST
  
  # Western Samoa
***************
*** 344,354 ****
  # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
  # tz at elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future).
  
! # From Paul Eggert <eggert at twinsun.com> (November 18, 1993):
  # A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is
  # Thomas G. Shanks, The International Atlas (3rd edition),
  # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (1991).
! # Except where noted below, it is the source for the data above.
  #
  # I invented the abbreviations marked `*' in the following table;
  # the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources.
--- 344,362 ----
  # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
  # tz at elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future).
  
! # From Paul Eggert <eggert at twinsun.com> (August 18, 1994):
  # A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is
  # Thomas G. Shanks, The International Atlas (3rd edition),
  # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (1991).
! # Except where noted, it is the source for the data above.
! #
! # Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
! # Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which
! # I found in the UCLA library.
! #
! # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
! # Derek Howse, Greenwich time and the discovery of the longitude,
! # Oxford University Press (1980).
  #
  # I invented the abbreviations marked `*' in the following table;
  # the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources.
***************
*** 547,552 ****
--- 555,570 ----
  # numbered year (from 1990).  That's when the Adelaide Festival
  # is on...
  
+ # From Robert Elz (March 16, 1992, 00:57:07 +1000):
+ # DST didn't end in Adelaide today (yesterday)....
+ # But whether it's "4th Sunday" or "2nd last Sunday" I have no idea whatever...
+ # (it's just as likely to be "the Sunday we pick for this year"...).
+ 
+ # From Bradley White (April 11, 1994):
+ # If Sun, 15 March, 1992 was at +1030 as kre asserts, but yet Sun, 20 March,
+ # 1994 was at +0930 as John Connolly's customer seems to assert, then I can
+ # only conclude that the actual rule is more complicated....
+ 
  # Australia/Tasmania
  
  # From Bradley White (March 4, 1991):
***************
*** 706,711 ****
--- 724,735 ----
  
  ###############################################################################
  
+ # Fiji
+ 
+ # Howse writes (p 162) that in 1879 the British governor of Fiji
+ # enacted an ordinance standardizing the islands on +12:00.
+ # Perhaps it didn't take.  We go with Shanks's more precise date in 1915.
+ 
  # Kwajalein
  
  # In comp.risks 14.87 (26 August 1993), Peter Neumann writes:
***************
*** 713,715 ****
--- 737,746 ----
  # August 20, 1993.  Thursday night at midnight Kwajalein switched sides with
  # respect to the International Date Line, to rejoin its fellow islands,
  # going from 11:59 p.m. Thursday to 12:00 m. Saturday in a blink.
+ 
+ # Pacific Islands Trust Territories
+ 
+ # Howse writes (p 162) ``The Spaniards, on the other hand, reached the
+ # Philippines and the Ladrones from America,'' and implies that the Ladrones
+ # (now called the Marianas) kept American date for quite some time.
+ # Ignore this for now, as we have no hard data.  See also Asia/Manila.
diff -c ty/europe tz/europe
*** ty/europe	Sat Jun  4 10:12:52 1994
--- tz/europe	Thu Aug 18 10:17:10 1994
***************
*** 35,41 ****
  #	 4:00	KSK KSD	Kuybyshev*
  #	 5:00	ESK ESD	Yekaterinburg*
  #	 6:00	OSK OSD	Omsk*
! #	 7:00	NSK NSD	Novosibirsk
  #	 8:00	ISK ISD	Irkutsk*
  #	 9:00	YSK YSD	Yakutsk*
  #	10:00	VSK VSD	Vladivostok*
--- 35,42 ----
  #	 4:00	KSK KSD	Kuybyshev*
  #	 5:00	ESK ESD	Yekaterinburg*
  #	 6:00	OSK OSD	Omsk*
! #	 6:00	NSK NSD	Novosibirsk (was 7:00 until 1994)
! #	 7:00	TSK TSD	Tomsk*
  #	 8:00	ISK ISD	Irkutsk*
  #	 9:00	YSK YSD	Yakutsk*
  #	10:00	VSK VSD	Vladivostok*
***************
*** 56,61 ****
--- 57,83 ----
  
  # United Kingdom
  
+ # From Peter Ilieve <peter at memex.co.uk> (July 6, 1994):
+ #
+ # On 17 Jan 1994 the Independent, a UK quality newspaper, had a piece about
+ # historical vistas along the Thames in west London. There was a photo
+ # and a sketch map showing some of the sightlines involved. One paragraph
+ # of the text said:
+ #
+ # `An old stone obelisk marking a forgotten terrestrial meridian stands
+ # beside the river at Kew. In the 18th century, before time and longditude
+ # was standardised by the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, scholars observed
+ # this stone and the movement of stars from Kew Observatory nearby. They
+ # made their calculations and set the time for the Horse Guards and Parliament,
+ # but now the stone is obscured by scrubwood and can only be seen by walking
+ # along the towpath within a few yards of it.'
+ #
+ # I have a one inch to one mile map of London and my estimate of the stone's
+ # position is 51 deg. 28' 30" N, 0 deg. 18' 45" W. The longditude should
+ # be within about +-2". The Ordnance Survey grid reference is TQ172761.
+ #
+ # [This yields GMTOFF = -0:01:15 for London LMT in the 18th century.]
+ 
  # From Paul Eggert <eggert at twinsun.com> (November 18, 1993):
  #
  # Howse writes that Britain was the first country to use standard time.
***************
*** 548,553 ****
--- 570,597 ----
  # 1993    28 Mar  24 Oct fixed
  # 1994    27 Mar  23 Oct fixed
  
+ # From Peter Ilieve <peter at memex.co.uk> (June 8, 1994):
+ # The European Union bureaucracy has edged a step closer to a 7th Directive
+ # on summer-time arrangements.  I have the text of a Common Position
+ # (EC No 9/94) and a statement of the Council's reasons dated 4 March 94,
+ # reported in the Official Journal of the EC, No. C 137/38--41....
+ # The dates again:
+ # Year	 Start		End		End (UK & Eire, 1995 only)
+ # (rule) (last Sun)	(last Sun)	(4th Sun)
+ # 1995	26 March	24 September	22 October
+ # 1996	31 March	27 October
+ # 1997	30 March	26 October
+ 
+ # From Peter Ilieve <peter at memex.co.uk> (March 28, 1994):
+ # The UK/Eire end date of 22 October [1995] conflicts with your current rule of
+ # Oct Sun>=23, and the historical UK formula of Sun after 4th Sat.
+ # The last time 4th Sun and Sun after 4th Sat differed was in 1989,
+ # when 29 October was used.  That year was covered by a UK Summer Time Order
+ # for only a single year and it looks as though there was a matching 4th EC
+ # directive for just this year.  I don't have the text of the 5th EC
+ # directive (for 1990--92) but my guess would be it said 4th Sun.
+ # To maintain strict historical accuracy you could start a new UK ending rule
+ # of Oct Sun>=22 in 1990.
  
  # From Paul Eggert <eggert at twinsun.com> (November 18, 1993):
  #
***************
*** 652,660 ****
  # Current rules
  Rule	GB-Eire	1981	max	-	Mar	lastSun	1:00s	1:00	BST
  Rule	GB-Eire	1981	max	-	Oct	Sun>=23	1:00s	0	GMT
  
  # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
! Zone	Europe/London	-0:00:37 -	LMT	1847 Sep 22
  			 0:00	GB-Eire	%s	1968 Feb 18 2:00
  			 1:00	-	BST	1971 Oct 31 2:00
  			 0:00	GB-Eire	%s
--- 696,708 ----
  # Current rules
  Rule	GB-Eire	1981	max	-	Mar	lastSun	1:00s	1:00	BST
  Rule	GB-Eire	1981	max	-	Oct	Sun>=23	1:00s	0	GMT
+ # Under the 7th EU proposal, replace the above line with the following three:
+ #Rule	GB-Eire 1981	1989	-	Oct	Sun>=23	1:00s	0	GMT
+ #Rule	GB-Eire 1990	1995	-	Oct	Sun>=22	1:00s	0	GMT
+ #Rule	GB-Eire 1996	max	-	Oct	lastSun	1:00s	0	GMT
  
  # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
! Zone	Europe/London	-0:01:15 -	LMT	1847 Sep 22
  			 0:00	GB-Eire	%s	1968 Feb 18 2:00
  			 1:00	-	BST	1971 Oct 31 2:00
  			 0:00	GB-Eire	%s
***************
*** 708,713 ****
--- 756,764 ----
  Rule	M-Eur	1977	only	-	Sep	lastSun	 2:00s	0	-
  Rule	M-Eur	1978	only	-	Oct	 1	 2:00s	0	-
  Rule	M-Eur	1979	max	-	Sep	lastSun	 2:00s	0	-
+ # Under the 7th EU proposal, replace the above line with the following two:
+ #Rule	M-Eur	1979	1995	-	Sep	lastSun	 2:00s	0	-
+ #Rule	M-Eur	1996	max	-	Oct	lastSun	 2:00s	0	-
  Rule	M-Eur	1981	max	-	Mar	lastSun	 2:00s	1:00	" DST"
  
  Rule	E-Eur	1981	max	-	Mar	lastSun	 3:00s	1:00	" DST"
***************
*** 945,951 ****
  			 1:00	M-Eur	MET%s	1945 Apr  2 2:00
  			 1:00	Denmark	MET%s	1980 Apr  6 2:00
  			 1:00	M-Eur	MET%s
! Zone Atlantic/Faeroe	 0:27:04 -	LMT	1908 Jan 11	# Torshavn
  			 0:00	-	WET	1981 Mar 29 1:00
  			 0:00	W-Eur	WET%s
  Zone America/Scoresbysund -1:29:00 -	LMT	1916 Jul 28
--- 996,1002 ----
  			 1:00	M-Eur	MET%s	1945 Apr  2 2:00
  			 1:00	Denmark	MET%s	1980 Apr  6 2:00
  			 1:00	M-Eur	MET%s
! Zone Atlantic/Faeroe	-0:27:04 -	LMT	1908 Jan 11	# Torshavn
  			 0:00	-	WET	1981 Mar 29 1:00
  			 0:00	W-Eur	WET%s
  Zone America/Scoresbysund -1:29:00 -	LMT	1916 Jul 28
***************
*** 1269,1275 ****
  
  # Liechtenstein
  # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
! Zone	Europe/Vaduz	0:30:04 -	LMT	1894 Jun
  			1:00	-	MET	1981 Mar 29 2:00
  			1:00	M-Eur	MET%s
  
--- 1320,1326 ----
  
  # Liechtenstein
  # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
! Zone	Europe/Vaduz	0:38:04 -	LMT	1894 Jun
  			1:00	-	MET	1981 Mar 29 2:00
  			1:00	M-Eur	MET%s
  
***************
*** 1618,1629 ****
  			 5:00	1:00	OSD	1991 Sep 29 2:00s
  			 5:00	-	OSK	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
  			 6:00	Russia	OS%s
  Zone Asia/Novosibirsk	 5:31:40 -	LMT	1924 May  2
  			 6:00	-	NSK	1957 Mar
  			 7:00	Russia	NS%s	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
  			 6:00	1:00	NSD	1991 Sep 29 2:00s
  			 6:00	-	NSK	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
! 			 7:00	Russia	NS%s
  Zone Asia/Irkutsk	 6:57:20 -	LMT	1880
  			 6:57	-	LST	1924 May  2
  			 7:00	-	ISK	1957 Mar
--- 1669,1694 ----
  			 5:00	1:00	OSD	1991 Sep 29 2:00s
  			 5:00	-	OSK	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
  			 6:00	Russia	OS%s
+ # From Stanislaw A. Kuzikowski <S.A.Kuz at iae.nsk.su> (June 29, 1994):
+ # But now it is some months since Novosibirsk is 3 hours ahead of Moscow!
+ # I do not know why they have decided to make this change;
+ # as far as I remember it was done exactly during winter->summer switching
+ # so we (Novosibirsk) simply did not switch.
+ # Tomsk is still 4 hours ahead of Moscow.
  Zone Asia/Novosibirsk	 5:31:40 -	LMT	1924 May  2
  			 6:00	-	NSK	1957 Mar
  			 7:00	Russia	NS%s	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
  			 6:00	1:00	NSD	1991 Sep 29 2:00s
  			 6:00	-	NSK	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
! 			 7:00	Russia	NS%s	1994 Mar 27 2:00s
! 			 6:00	1:00	NSD	1994 Sep 25 2:00s
! 			 6:00	Russia	NS%s
! Zone Asia/Tomsk		 5:39:52 -	LMT	1924 May  2
! 			 6:00	-	TSK	1957 Mar
! 			 7:00	Russia	TS%s	1991 Mar 31 2:00s
! 			 6:00	1:00	TSD	1991 Sep 29 2:00s
! 			 6:00	-	TSK	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
! 			 7:00	Russia	TS%s
  Zone Asia/Irkutsk	 6:57:20 -	LMT	1880
  			 6:57	-	LST	1924 May  2
  			 7:00	-	ISK	1957 Mar
***************
*** 1725,1731 ****
  Rule	Spain	1977	1978	-	Apr	 2	23:00	1:00	" DST"
  Rule	Spain	1978	only	-	Oct	 1	 1:00	0	-
  # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
! Zone	Europe/Madrid	 0:14:44 -	LMT	1901
  			 0:00	Spain	WET%s	1946 Sep 30
  			 1:00	Spain	MET%s	1979 Apr  1 2:00
  			 1:00	M-Eur	MET%s
--- 1790,1796 ----
  Rule	Spain	1977	1978	-	Apr	 2	23:00	1:00	" DST"
  Rule	Spain	1978	only	-	Oct	 1	 1:00	0	-
  # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
! Zone	Europe/Madrid	-0:14:44 -	LMT	1901
  			 0:00	Spain	WET%s	1946 Sep 30
  			 1:00	Spain	MET%s	1979 Apr  1 2:00
  			 1:00	M-Eur	MET%s
diff -c ty/northamerica tz/northamerica
*** ty/northamerica	Sat Jun  4 10:12:51 1994
--- tz/northamerica	Wed Aug 17 23:23:49 1994
***************
*** 5,10 ****
--- 5,15 ----
  # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
  # tz at elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future).
  
+ # From Paul Eggert <eggert at twinsun.com> (August 17, 1994):
+ # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
+ # Derek Howse, Greenwich time and the discovery of the longitude,
+ # Oxford University Press (1980).
+ 
  ###############################################################################
  
  # United States
***************
*** 106,111 ****
--- 111,121 ----
  #	Samoa standard time
  # The law doesn't give abbreviations.
  
+ # From Paul Eggert <eggert at twinsun.com> (August 16, 1994):
+ # Howse writes that Alaska switched from the Julian to the Gregorian calendar,
+ # and from east-of-GMT to west-of-GMT days, in 1867 when the US purchased it
+ # from Russia.  We don't have this data pinned down yet, though.
+ 
  # Easy stuff first--including Alaska, where we ignore history (since we
  # can't tell if we should give Yukon time or Alaska-Hawaii time for "old"
  # times).
***************
*** 148,155 ****
  			-5:00	US	E%sT
  
  # Samoa just changes names.  No DST, per Naval Observatory.
  
! Zone Pacific/Samoa	-11:22:48 -	LMT	1911
  			-11:30	-	SST	1950
  			-11:00	-	NST	1967 Apr	# N=Nome
  			-11:00	-	BST	1983 Nov 30	# B=Bering
--- 158,171 ----
  			-5:00	US	E%sT
  
  # Samoa just changes names.  No DST, per Naval Observatory.
+ #
+ # Howse writes that in 1879 the King of Samoa decided to change
+ # ``the date in his kingdom from the Antipodean to the American system,
+ # ordaining -- by a masterpiece of diplomatic flattery -- that
+ # the Fourth of July should be celebrated twice in that year.''
  
! Zone Pacific/Samoa	 12:37:12 -	LMT	1879 Jul  5
! 			-11:22:48 -	LMT	1911
  			-11:30	-	SST	1950
  			-11:00	-	NST	1967 Apr	# N=Nome
  			-11:00	-	BST	1983 Nov 30	# B=Bering



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