proposed TZ update for Chile, Syowa, etc.

Paul Eggert eggert at twinsun.com
Mon Mar 22 23:20:42 UTC 1999


The Chilean news means the tz database is out of date for today's time
in Chile.  Here's a proposed update to the tz database to fix this,
along with some other changes that I've been accumulating.

The following proposed changes affect the data:

* Chile is delaying end of DST to April 4 this year, due to the drought.
  Thanks to Julio I. Pacheco Troncoso for this info.
* New zone Antarctica/Syowa, thanks to Hideyuki Suzuki.
* The ChileAQ rules were incorrect in `antarctica'; propagate Chile changes.

The following proposed changes affect commentary only:

* Update URLs in WWW.htm.  The CIA is publishing their time zone map again.
  Add worldtimezone.com link.
* Update comments for Israel, thanks to Ephraim Silverberg.
* Add comment for the new Nunavut territory that comes into being next week.
* Update comments for Derek Howse's book, which has been reissued.
* Move calendrical comments from `europe' to `Theory';
  add Grotefend's info and a brief discussion.
* Update comments about obscure places that we still lack time zone data for.

===================================================================
RCS file: RCS/Theory,v
retrieving revision 1997.9
retrieving revision 1997.9.1.1
diff -pu -r1997.9 -r1997.9.1.1
--- Theory	1997/12/29 14:31:49	1997.9
+++ Theory	1999/03/22 22:51:41	1997.9.1.1
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
 	Time and date functions
 	Names of time zone regions
 	Time zone abbreviations
+	Calendrical issues
 
 
 ----- Time and date functions -----
@@ -283,3 +284,156 @@ in practice: e.g. `EST' has a different 
 it does in the United States.  In new applications, it's often better
 to use numeric UTC offsets like `-0500' instead of time zone
 abbreviations like `EST'; this avoids the ambiguity.
+
+
+----- Calendrical issues -----
+
+Calendrical issues are a bit out of scope for a time zone database,
+but they indicate the sort of problems that we would run into if we
+extended the time zone database further into the past.  An excellent
+resource in this area is Nachum Dershowitz and Edward M. Reingold,
+<a href="http://emr.cs.uiuc.edu/home/reingold/calendar-book/index.shtml">
+Calendrical Calculations
+</a>, Cambridge University Press (1997).  Other information and
+sources are given below.  They sometimes disagree.
+
+
+France
+
+Gregorian calendar adopted 1582-12-20.
+French Revolutionary calendar used 1793-11-24 through 1805-12-31,
+and (in Paris only) 1871-05-06 through 1871-05-23.
+
+
+Russia
+
+From Chris Carrier <72157.3334 at CompuServe.COM> (1996-12-02):
+On 1929-10-01 the Soviet Union instituted an ``Eternal Calendar''
+with 30-day months plus 5 holidays, with a 5-day week.
+On 1931-12-01 it changed to a 6-day week; in 1934 it reverted to the
+Gregorian calendar while retaining the 6-day week; on 1940-06-27 it
+reverted to the 7-day week.  With the 6-day week the usual days
+off were the 6th, 12th, 18th, 24th and 30th of the month.
+(Source: Evitiar Zerubavel, _The Seven Day Circle_)
+
+
+Sweden (and Finland)
+
+From: msb at sq.com (Mark Brader)
+<a href="news:1996Jul6.012937.29190 at sq.com">
+Subject: Re: Gregorian reform -- a part of locale?
+</a>
+Date: 1996-07-06
+
+In 1700, Denmark made the transition from Julian to Gregorian.  Sweden
+decided to *start* a transition in 1700 as well, but rather than have one of
+those unsightly calendar gaps :-), they simply decreed that the next leap
+year after 1696 would be in 1744 -- putting the whole country on a calendar
+different from both Julian and Gregorian for a period of 40 years.
+
+However, in 1704 something went wrong and the plan was not carried through;
+they did, after all, have a leap year that year.  And one in 1708.  In 1712
+they gave it up and went back to Julian, putting 30 days in February that
+year!...
+
+Then in 1753, Sweden made the transition to Gregorian in the usual manner,
+getting there only 13 years behind the original schedule.
+
+(A previous posting of this story was challenged, and Swedish readers
+produced the following references to support it: "Tiderakning och historia"
+by Natanael Beckman (1924) and "Tid, en bok om tiderakning och
+kalendervasen" by Lars-Olof Lode'n (no date was given).)
+
+
+Grotefend's data
+
+From: "Michael Palmer" <mpalmer at netcom.com>
+Subject: Re: Gregorian Calendar (was Re: Another FHC related question
+Newsgroups: soc.genealogy.german
+Date: Tue, 9 Feb 1999 02:32:48 -800
+Message-ID: <199902091032.CAA09644 at netcom10.netcom.com>
+
+The following is a(n incomplete) listing, arranged chronologically, of 
+European states, with the date they converted from the Julian to the 
+Gregorian calendar:
+
+04/15 Oct 1582 - Italy (with exceptions), Spain, Portugal, Poland (Roman
+                 Catholics and Danzig only)
+09/20 Dec 1582 - France, Lorraine
+
+21 Dec 1582/
+   01 Jan 1583 - Holland, Brabant, Flanders, Hennegau
+10/21 Feb 1583 - bishopric of Liege (L"uttich)
+13/24 Feb 1583 - bishopric of Augsburg
+04/15 Oct 1583 - electorate of Trier
+05/16 Oct 1583 - Bavaria, bishoprics of Freising, Eichstedt, Regensburg,
+                 Salzburg, Brixen
+13/24 Oct 1583 - Austrian Oberelsass and Breisgau
+20/31 Oct 1583 - bishopric of Basel
+02/13 Nov 1583 - duchy of J"ulich-Berg
+02/13 Nov 1583 - electorate and city of K"oln
+04/15 Nov 1583 - bishopric of W"urzburg
+11/22 Nov 1583 - electorate of Mainz
+16/27 Nov 1583 - bishopric of Strassburg and the margraviate of Baden
+17/28 Nov 1583 - bishopric of M"unster and duchy of Cleve
+14/25 Dec 1583 - Steiermark
+
+06/17 Jan 1584 - Austria and Bohemia
+11/22 Jan 1584 - Luzern, Uri, Schwyz, Zug, Freiburg, Solothurn
+12/23 Jan 1584 - Silesia and the Lausitz
+22 Jan/
+   02 Feb 1584 - Hungary (legally on 21 Oct 1587)
+      Jun 1584 - Unterwalden
+01/12 Jul 1584 - duchy of Westfalen
+
+16/27 Jun 1585 - bishopric of Paderborn
+
+14/25 Dec 1590 - Transylvania
+
+22 Aug/
+   02 Sep 1612 - duchy of Prussia
+
+13/24 Dec 1514 - Pfalz-Neuburg
+
+          1617 - duchy of Kurland (reverted to the Julian calendar in
+                 1796)
+
+          1624 - bishopric of Osnabr"uck
+
+          1630 - bishopric of Minden
+
+15/26 Mar 1631 - bishopric of Hildesheim
+
+          1655 - Kanton Wallis
+
+05/16 Feb 1682 - city of Strassburg
+
+18 Feb/
+   01 Mar 1700 - Protestant Germany (including Swedish possessions in
+                 Germany), Denmark, Norway
+30 Jun/
+   12 Jul 1700 - Gelderland, Zutphen
+10 Nov/
+   12 Dec 1700 - Utrecht, Overijssel
+
+31 Dec 1700/
+   12 Jan 1701 - Friesland, Groningen, Z"urich, Bern, Basel, Geneva,
+                 Turgau, and Schaffhausen
+
+          1724 - Glarus, Appenzell, and the city of St. Gallen
+
+01 Jan 1750    - Pisa and Florence
+
+02/14 Sep 1752 - Great Britain
+
+17 Feb/
+   01 Mar 1753 - Sweden
+
+1760-1812      - Graub"unden
+
+The Russian empire (including Finland and the Baltic states) did not 
+convert to the Gregorian calendar until the Soviet revolution of 1917.
+
+Source:  H. Grotefend, _Taschenbuch der Zeitrechnung des deutschen 
+Mittelalters und der Neuzeit_, herausgegeben von Dr. O. Grotefend 
+(Hannover:  Hahnsche Buchhandlung, 1941), pp. 26-28.
===================================================================
RCS file: RCS/WWW.htm,v
retrieving revision 1999.2
retrieving revision 1999.2.1.1
diff -pu -r1999.2 -r1999.2.1.1
--- WWW.htm	1999/02/01 20:29:30	1999.2
+++ WWW.htm	1999/03/22 22:51:41	1999.2.1.1
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ where <samp><var>C</var></samp> is the c
 similarly, the data are in <samp>tzdata<var>D</var>.tar.gz</samp>,
 where <samp><var>D</var></samp> is the data's version.
 <P>
-The <A HREF="http://www.gnu.org/software/libc/libc.html">GNU C Library</A>
+The <A HREF="http://www.gnu.org/software/libc/">GNU C Library</A>
 has an independent, thread-safe implementation of
 a time zone file reader that is compatible with <samp>zoneinfo</samp>.
 This library is freely available under the GNU Library General Public License,
@@ -34,10 +34,10 @@ and is widely used in GNU/Linux systems.
 The Web has several other sources for time zone and daylight saving time data.
 Here are some recent links that may be of interest.
 <UL>
-<LI><A HREF="http://www.bsdi.com/date">Date and Time Gateway</A>
+<LI><A HREF="http://www.bsdi.com/date/">Date and Time Gateway</A>
 is a text-based source for tables of current time throughout the world.
 Its point-and-click interface accesses a recent version of the tz data.
-<LI><A HREF="http://www.worldtime.com/">WORLDTIME: interactive atlas,
+<LI><A HREF="http://worldtime.com/">WORLDTIME: interactive atlas,
 time info, public holidays</A>
 contains information on local time, sunrise and sunset,
 and public holidays in several hundred cities around the world.
@@ -48,8 +48,9 @@ the live data provide a nice way to chec
 <LI><A HREF="http://tycho.usno.navy.mil/tzones.html">World Time Zones</A>
 contains US Naval Observatory data, used as the source
 for the <samp>usno*</samp> files.
-<LI>The United States Central Intelligence agency publishes time zone maps;
-the
+<LI>The United States Central Intelligence Agency publishes a
+<A HREF="http://www.odci.gov/cia/publications/factbook/figures/802597.jpg">time
+zone map</A>; the
 <A HREF="http://www.lib.utexas.edu/Libs/PCL/Map_collection/world_maps.html">
 Perry-Casta&ntilde;eda Library Map Collection</A>
 of the University of Texas at Austin has on-line copies of
@@ -57,6 +58,10 @@ recent editions. 
 The pictorial quality is good,
 but the maps do not indicate summer time,
 and parts of the data are a few years out of date.
+<LI><A HREF="http://worldtimezone.com/"><SAMP>Worldtimezone.com</SAMP></A>
+has several fancy time zone maps; it covers Russia particularly well.
+The maps' pictorial quality is not quite as good as the CIA's
+and (as usual with maps) the maps are not quite up to date.
 <LI><A HREF="http://pisolo.cstv.to.cnr.it/toi/uk/toi.html">The
 Time of Internet</A>
 contains good descriptions of Time Zones and daylight saving time,
@@ -65,7 +70,7 @@ The time zone map is out of date, howeve
 <LI><A HREF="http://ecco.bsee.swin.edu.au/chronos/GMT-explained.html">A
 Few Facts Concerning GMT, UT, and the RGO</A>
 answers questions like ``What is the difference between GMT and UTC?''
-<LI><A HREF="http://www.energy.ca.gov/daylightsaving.html">Daylight
+<LI><A HREF="http://energy.ca.gov/daylightsaving.html">Daylight
 Saving Time -- Saving Time, Saving Energy</A>
 is a history of DST in the US.
 <LI><A HREF="http://dir.yahoo.com/Science/Measurements_and_Units/Time/Time_Zones/">Yahoo! - Science:Measurements and Units:Time:Time Zones</A>
@@ -82,7 +87,7 @@ when leap seconds occur.
 </UL>
 <P>
 -- <A HREF="mailto:eggert at twinsun.com">eggert at twinsun.com</A>
-(1998-09-22)
+(1999-03-22)
 </P>
 <H2>Arthur David Olson writes:</H2><P>
 A good source of information about
===================================================================
RCS file: RCS/africa,v
retrieving revision 1999.2
retrieving revision 1999.2.1.1
diff -pu -r1999.2 -r1999.2.1.1
--- africa	1999/02/01 20:29:32	1999.2
+++ africa	1999/03/22 22:51:41	1999.2.1.1
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
 # tz at elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future).
 
-# From Paul Eggert <eggert at twinsun.com> (1997-10-05):
+# From Paul Eggert <eggert at twinsun.com> (1999-03-22):
 #
 # A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is
 # Thomas G. Shanks, The International Atlas (4th edition),
@@ -24,8 +24,7 @@
 # I found in the UCLA library.
 #
 # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
-# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and the discovery of the longitude,
-# Oxford University Press (1980).
+# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Antique Collectors Club (1997).
 #
 # Previous editions of this database used WAT, CAT, SAT, and EAT
 # for +0:00 through +3:00, respectively,
@@ -470,7 +469,8 @@ Zone Atlantic/St_Helena	-0:22:48 -	LMT	1
 # The other parts of the St Helena territory are similar:
 #	Tristan da Cunha: on GMT, say Whitman and the CIA
 #	Ascension: on GMT, says usno1995 and the CIA
-#	Gough (scientific station since 1955): on GMT, says the CIA
+#	Gough (scientific station since 1955; sealers wintered previously):
+#		on GMT, says the CIA
 #	Inaccessible, Nightingale: no information, but probably GMT
 
 # Sao Tome and Principe
@@ -522,7 +522,7 @@ Zone Africa/Johannesburg 1:52:00 -	LMT	1
 # on 1994-04-03 at 00:00.
 #
 # Marion and Prince Edward Is
-# weather station since 1947
+# scientific station since 1947
 # no information
 
 # Sudan
===================================================================
RCS file: RCS/antarctica,v
retrieving revision 1998.5
retrieving revision 1998.5.1.2
diff -pu -r1998.5 -r1998.5.1.2
--- antarctica	1998/05/28 13:56:13	1998.5
+++ antarctica	1999/03/22 22:57:05	1998.5.1.2
@@ -1,14 +1,13 @@
 # @(#)antarctica	7.14
 
-# From Paul Eggert (1997-03-28):
-# To keep things manageable, we list only locations occupied year-round;
-# see
-# <a href="http://earth.agu.org/amen/nations.html">
+# From Paul Eggert (1999-03-22):
+# To keep things manageable, we list only locations occupied year-round; see
+# <a href="http://www.delm.tas.gov.au/comnap/members.html">
 # Antarctic Activities of Member Nations of the Antarctic Treaty (1996-05-24)
 # </a>
 # and
 # <a href="http://www.spri.cam.ac.uk/bob/periant.htm">
-# Summary of the Peri-Antarctic Islands (1996-09-05)
+# Summary of the Peri-Antarctic Islands (1998-07-23)
 # </a>
 # for information.
 # Unless otherwise specified, we have no time zone information.
@@ -28,8 +27,12 @@ Rule	ArgAQ	1974	only	-	Jan	23	0:00	1:00	
 Rule	ArgAQ	1974	only	-	May	 1	0:00	0	-
 Rule	ArgAQ	1974	1976	-	Oct	Sun<=7	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	ArgAQ	1975	1977	-	Apr	Sun<=7	0:00	0	-
-Rule	ChileAQ	1969	max	-	Oct	Sun>=9	0:00	1:00	S
-Rule	ChileAQ	1970	max	-	Mar	Sun>=9	0:00	0	-
+Rule	ChileAQ	1969	1997	-	Oct	Sun>=9	0:00	1:00	S
+Rule	ChileAQ	1970	1998	-	Mar	Sun>=9	0:00	0	-
+Rule	ChileAQ	1998	only	-	Sep	27	0:00	1:00	S
+Rule	ChileAQ	1999	only	-	Apr	 4	0:00	0	-
+Rule	ChileAQ	1999	max	-	Oct	Sun>=9	0:00	1:00	S
+Rule	ChileAQ	2000	max	-	Mar	Sun>=9	0:00	0	-
 
 
 # Argentina - 6 year-round bases
@@ -38,6 +41,7 @@ Rule	ChileAQ	1970	max	-	Mar	Sun>=9	0:00	
 
 # Australia - territories
 # Heard Island, McDonald Islands (uninhabited)
+#	previously sealers and scientific personnel wintered
 #
 # year-round bases
 # Casey, Bailey Peninsula, since 1969
@@ -89,9 +93,10 @@ Zone Antarctica/Mawson	0	-	___	1954 Feb 
 # Martin-de-Vivies Base, Amsterdam Island, -374105+0773155, since 1950
 # Alfred-Faure Base, Crozet Islands, -462551+0515152, since 1964
 # Port-aux-Francais, Kerguelen Islands, -492110+0701303, since 1951;
-#	a whaling and sealing station operated 1908-14, 1920-29, and 1951-56
+#	whaling & sealing station operated 1908/1914, 1920/1929, and 1951/1956
 #
-# St Paul Island - near Amsterdam, uninhabited since 1931
+# St Paul Island - near Amsterdam, uninhabited
+#	fishing stations operated variously 1819/1931
 #
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Indian/Kerguelen	0	-	___	1950	# Port-aux-Francais
@@ -123,6 +128,22 @@ Zone Antarctica/DumontDUrville 0 -	___	1
 # Japan - year-round bases
 # Dome Fuji
 # Syowa
+#
+# From Hideyuki Suzuki (1999-02-06):
+# In all Japanese stations, +0300 is used as the standard time.  [See]
+# <a href="http://www.crl.go.jp/uk/uk201/basyo.htm">[reference in Japanese]</a>
+# and information from KAMO Hiroyasu <wd at ics.nara-wu.ac.jp>.
+#
+# Syowa station, which is the first antarctic station of Japan,
+# was established on 1957-01-29.  Since Syowa station is still the main
+# station of Japan, it's appropriate for the principal location.
+# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
+Zone Antarctica/Syowa	0	-	___	1957 Jan 29
+			3:00	-	SYOT	# Syowa Time
+# See:
+# <a href="http://www.nipr.ac.jp/english/jare.html">
+# Japanese Antarctic Research Expedition (JARE) (1998-04-09)
+# </a>
 
 # S Korea - year-round base
 # King Sejong, King George Island, since 1988
@@ -169,10 +190,12 @@ Rule	NZAQ	1990	max	-	Mar	Sun>=15	2:00s	0
 # British Antarctic Territories (BAT) claims
 # South Orkney Islands
 #	scientific station from 1903
-#	whaling station at Signy I 1920-1926
+#	whaling station at Signy I 1920/1926
 # South Shetland Islands
-#	whaling station at Deception I 1912-1931
-#	scientific station from 1943
+#	whaling station at Deception I 1912/1931
+#	scientific station from 1943;
+#	previously sealers and a scientific expedition wintered by accident,
+#	and a garrison was deployed briefly
 #
 # year-round bases
 # Halley, Coates Land, -7535-2619, since 1956-01-06
===================================================================
RCS file: RCS/asia,v
retrieving revision 1999.2
retrieving revision 1999.2.1.1
diff -pu -r1999.2 -r1999.2.1.1
--- asia	1999/02/01 20:29:31	1999.2
+++ asia	1999/03/22 22:52:56	1999.2.1.1
@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
-# @(#)asia	7.41
+# @(#)asia	7.42
 
 # This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
 # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
 # tz at elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future).
 
-# From Paul Eggert <eggert at twinsun.com> (1996-11-22):
+# From Paul Eggert <eggert at twinsun.com> (1999-03-22):
 #
 # A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is
 # Thomas G. Shanks, The International Atlas (4th edition),
@@ -25,8 +25,7 @@
 # I found in the UCLA library.
 #
 # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
-# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and the discovery of the longitude,
-# Oxford University Press (1980).
+# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Antique Collectors Club (1997).
 #
 # I invented the abbreviations marked `*' in the following table;
 # the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources.
@@ -562,13 +561,12 @@ Rule	Zion	1995	only	-	Sep	 3	0:00	0	S
 #   ftp://ftp.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/1996-1998.ramon.ps.gz
 #
 # The dates for 1997-1998 were altered by his successor, Rabbi Eli Suissa.
-# The official announcement for the year 1997 can be viewed at:
 #
-#   ftp://ftp.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/1997.ps.gz
+# The official announcements for the years 1997-1999 can be viewed at:
 #
-# The official announcement for the year 1998 can be viewed at:
+#   ftp://ftp.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/YYYY.ps.gz
 #
-#   ftp://ftp.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/1998.ps.gz
+#       where YYYY is the relevant year.
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Zion	1996	only	-	Mar	15	0:00	1:00	D
@@ -950,7 +948,7 @@ Zone	Asia/Gaza	2:17:52	-	LMT	1900 Oct
 # no information
 
 # Philippines
-# Howse writes (p 162) that until 1844 the Philippines kept American date.
+# Howse writes that until 1844 the Philippines kept American date.
 # The rest of this data is from Shanks.
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Phil	1936	only	-	Nov	1	0:00	1:00	S
===================================================================
RCS file: RCS/australasia,v
retrieving revision 1999.2
retrieving revision 1999.2.1.1
diff -pu -r1999.2 -r1999.2.1.1
--- australasia	1999/02/01 20:29:31	1999.2
+++ australasia	1999/03/22 22:52:56	1999.2.1.1
@@ -173,7 +173,7 @@ Zone Australia/Lord_Howe 10:36:20 -	LMT	
 #
 # Macquarie
 # permanent occupation (scientific station) since 1948;
-# sealing and penguin oil station operated 1888-1917
+# sealing and penguin oil station operated 1888/1917
 # no information
 #
 # Manihiki, Penrhyn, Rakehanga
@@ -319,11 +319,13 @@ Zone Pacific/Chatham	12:45	Chatham	CHA%s
 
 
 # Auckland Is
-# uninhabited
+# uninhabited; Maori and Moriori, colonial settlers, pastoralists, sealers,
+# and scientific personnel have wintered
 
 # Campbell I
-# minor whaling stations operated 1909-14
-# scientific station operated 1941-1995
+# minor whaling stations operated 1909/1914
+# scientific station operated 1941/1995;
+# previously whalers, sealers, pastoralists, and scientific personnel wintered
 # was probably like Pacific/Auckland
 
 ###############################################################################
@@ -452,7 +454,7 @@ Zone	Pacific/Wallis	12:15:20 -	LMT	1901
 # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
 # tz at elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future).
 
-# From Paul Eggert <eggert at twinsun.com> (1996-11-22):
+# From Paul Eggert <eggert at twinsun.com> (1999-03-22):
 # A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is
 # Thomas G. Shanks, The International Atlas (4th edition),
 # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (1995).
@@ -471,8 +473,7 @@ Zone	Pacific/Wallis	12:15:20 -	LMT	1901
 # I found in the UCLA library.
 #
 # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
-# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and the discovery of the longitude,
-# Oxford University Press (1980).
+# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Antique Collectors Club (1997).
 #
 # I invented the abbreviations marked `*' in the following table;
 # the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources.
@@ -896,7 +897,7 @@ Zone	Pacific/Wallis	12:15:20 -	LMT	1901
 
 # Fiji
 
-# Howse writes (p 162) that in 1879 the British governor of Fiji
+# Howse writes that in 1879 the British governor of Fiji
 # enacted an ordinance standardizing the islands on +12:00.
 # Perhaps it didn't take.  We go with Shanks's more precise date in 1915.
 
@@ -933,7 +934,7 @@ Zone	Pacific/Wallis	12:15:20 -	LMT	1901
 
 # N Mariana Is, Guam
 
-# Howse writes (p 162) ``The Spaniards, on the other hand, reached the
+# Howse writes ``The Spaniards, on the other hand, reached the
 # Philippines and the Ladrones from America,'' and implies that the Ladrones
 # (now called the Marianas) kept American date for quite some time.
 # Ignore this for now, as we have no hard data.  See also Asia/Manila.
===================================================================
RCS file: RCS/europe,v
retrieving revision 1999.2
retrieving revision 1999.2.1.1
diff -pu -r1999.2 -r1999.2.1.1
--- europe	1999/02/01 20:29:31	1999.2
+++ europe	1999/03/22 22:52:56	1999.2.1.1
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
 # tz at elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future).
 
-# From Paul Eggert <eggert at twinsun.com> (1996-11-22):
+# From Paul Eggert <eggert at twinsun.com> (1999-03-22):
 # A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is
 # Thomas G. Shanks, The International Atlas (4th edition),
 # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (1995).
@@ -46,8 +46,7 @@
 #	 3:00	MSK MSD	Moscow
 #
 # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones, especially in Britain,
-# is Derek Howse, Greenwich time and the discovery of the longitude,
-# Oxford University Press (1980).
+# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Antique Collectors Club (1997).
 
 # From Peter Ilieve <peter at memex.co.uk> (1994-12-04),
 # The original six [EU members]: Belgium, France, (West) Germany, Italy,
@@ -74,7 +73,6 @@
 ###############################################################################
 
 # Britain (United Kingdom) and Ireland (Eire)
-# The UK and its colonies adopted the Gregorian calendar on 1752-09-14.
 
 # From Peter Ilieve <peter at memex.co.uk> (1994-07-06):
 #
@@ -1170,7 +1168,6 @@ Zone	Europe/Sofia	1:33:16 -	LMT	1880
 # see Yugosloavia
 
 # Czech Republic
-# Gregorian calendar adopted 1584-01-17.
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Czech	1945	only	-	Apr	 8	2:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Czech	1945	only	-	Nov	18	2:00s	0	-
@@ -1187,7 +1184,6 @@ Zone	Europe/Prague	0:57:44 -	LMT	1850
 			1:00	EU	CE%sT
 
 # Denmark, Faeroe Islands, and Greenland
-# Gregorian calendar adopted 1700-03-01.
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Denmark	1916	only	-	May	14	23:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Denmark	1916	only	-	Sep	30	23:00	0	-
@@ -1279,7 +1275,6 @@ Zone	Europe/Tallinn	1:39:00	-	LMT	1880
 			2:00	EU	EE%sT
 
 # Finland
-# See Sweden for when the Gregorian calendar was adopted.
 #
 # From Hannu Strang <chs at apu.fi> (25 Sep 1994 06:03:37 UTC):
 # Well, here in Helsinki we're just changing from summer time to regular one,
@@ -1299,9 +1294,6 @@ Zone	Europe/Helsinki	1:39:52 -	LMT	1878 
 			2:00	EU	EE%sT
 
 # France
-# Gregorian calendar adopted 1582-12-20.
-# French Revolutionary calendar used 1793-11-24 through 1805-12-31,
-# and (in Paris only) 1871-05-06 through 1871-05-23.
 #
 # Shanks seems to use `24:00' ambiguously; we resolve it with Whitman.
 # From Shanks (1991):
@@ -1451,7 +1443,6 @@ Zone	Europe/Athens	1:34:52 -	LMT	1895 Se
 			2:00	EU	EE%sT
 
 # Hungary
-# Gregorian calendar adopted 1587-11-01.
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Hungary	1918	only	-	Apr	 1	 3:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Hungary	1918	only	-	Sep	29	 3:00	0	-
@@ -1543,7 +1534,6 @@ Zone Atlantic/Reykjavik	-1:27:24 -	LMT	1
 			 0:00	-	GMT
 
 # Italy
-# Gregorian calendar adopted 1582-10-15.
 #
 # From Paul Eggert (1996-05-06):
 # For Italian DST we have three sources: Shanks, Whitman, and F. Pollastri
@@ -1816,7 +1806,6 @@ Zone Europe/Amsterdam	0:19:28 -	LMT	1892
 			1:00	EU	CE%sT
 
 # Norway
-# Gregorian calendar adopted 1700-03-01.
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 # Whitman gives 1916 May 21 - 1916 Oct 21; go with Shanks.
 Rule	Norway	1916	only	-	May	22	1:00	1:00	S
@@ -1881,7 +1870,6 @@ Zone	Europe/Warsaw	1:24:00 -	LMT	1880
 # Stick with W-Eur for now.
 
 # Portugal
-# Gregorian calendar adopted 1582-10-15.
 #
 # From Rui Pedro Salgueiro <rps at inescca.inescc.pt> (1992-11-12):
 # Portugal has recently (September, 27) changed timezone
@@ -2006,15 +1994,6 @@ Zone Europe/Bucharest	1:44:24 -	LMT	1891
 
 # Russia
 
-# From Chris Carrier <72157.3334 at CompuServe.COM> (1996-12-02):
-# On 1929-10-01 the Soviet Union instituted an ``Eternal Calendar''
-# with 30-day months plus 5 holidays, with a 5-day week.
-# On 1931-12-01 it changed to a 6-day week; in 1934 it reverted to the
-# Gregorian calendar while retaining the 6-day week; on 1940-06-27 it
-# reverted to the 7-day week.  With the 6-day week the usual days
-# off were the 6th, 12th, 18th, 24th and 30th of the month.
-# (Source: Evitiar Zerubavel, _The Seven Day Circle_)
-#
 # From Paul Eggert <eggert at twinsun.com> (1996-11-22):
 # Except for Moscow after 1919-07-01, I invented the time zone abbreviations,
 # and (unless otherwise specified) guessed what happened after 1991.
@@ -2134,7 +2113,6 @@ Link Europe/Prague Europe/Bratislava
 # see Yugoslavia
 
 # Spain
-# Gregorian calendar adopted 1582-10-15.
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 # For 1917-1919 Whitman gives Apr Sat>=1 - Oct Sat>=1; go with Shanks.
 Rule	Spain	1917	only	-	May	 5	23:00s	1:00	S
@@ -2205,32 +2183,6 @@ Zone	Atlantic/Canary	-1:01:36 -	LMT	1922
 # Ignore this for now, as the Canaries are part of the EU.
 
 # Sweden
-
-# From: msb at sq.com (Mark Brader)
-# <a href="news:1996Jul6.012937.29190 at sq.com">
-# Subject: Re: Gregorian reform -- a part of locale?
-# </a>
-# Date: 1996-07-06
-#
-# In 1700, Denmark made the transition from Julian to Gregorian.  Sweden
-# decided to *start* a transition in 1700 as well, but rather than have one of
-# those unsightly calendar gaps :-), they simply decreed that the next leap
-# year after 1696 would be in 1744 -- putting the whole country on a calendar
-# different from both Julian and Gregorian for a period of 40 years.
-#
-# However, in 1704 something went wrong and the plan was not carried through;
-# they did, after all, have a leap year that year.  And one in 1708.  In 1712
-# they gave it up and went back to Julian, putting 30 days in February that
-# year!...
-#
-# Then in 1753, Sweden made the transition to Gregorian in the usual manner,
-# getting there only 13 years behind the original schedule.
-#
-# (A previous posting of this story was challenged, and Swedish readers
-# produced the following references to support it: "Tiderakning och historia"
-# by Natanael Beckman (1924) and "Tid, en bok om tiderakning och
-# kalendervasen" by Lars-Olof Lode'n (no date was given).)
-
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Europe/Stockholm	1:12:12 -	LMT	1878 May 31
 			1:12:12	-	SMT	1900 Jan  1  1:00 # Stockholm MT
@@ -2240,9 +2192,7 @@ Zone Europe/Stockholm	1:12:12 -	LMT	1878
 			1:00	EU	CE%sT
 
 # Switzerland
-# The Gregorian calendar was introduced gradually in Switzerland,
-# by omitting leap years during 1583-1812.
-# From Howse (1988), p 82:
+# From Howse:
 # By the end of the 18th century clocks and watches became commonplace
 # and their performance improved enormously.  Communities began to keep
 # mean time in preference to apparent time -- Geneva from 1780 ....
===================================================================
RCS file: RCS/northamerica,v
retrieving revision 1999.2
retrieving revision 1999.2.1.1
diff -pu -r1999.2 -r1999.2.1.1
--- northamerica	1999/02/01 20:29:31	1999.2
+++ northamerica	1999/03/22 22:52:56	1999.2.1.1
@@ -5,10 +5,9 @@
 # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
 # tz at elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future).
 
-# From Paul Eggert <eggert at twinsun.com> (1994-08-17):
+# From Paul Eggert <eggert at twinsun.com> (1999-03-22):
 # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
-# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and the discovery of the longitude,
-# Oxford University Press (1980).
+# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Antique Collectors Club (1997).
 
 ###############################################################################
 
@@ -401,7 +400,7 @@ Zone America/Louisville	-5:43:02 -	LMT	1
 #
 # From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19):
 # Shanks writes that Michigan started using standard time on 1885 Sep 18,
-# but Howse (p 126) writes that Detroit kept
+# but Howse writes that Detroit kept
 #
 #	local time until 1900 when the City Council decreed that clocks should
 #	be put back twenty-eight minutes to Central Standard Time.  Half the
@@ -859,7 +858,7 @@ Zone America/Dawson_Creek -8:00:56 -	LMT
 			-7:00	-	MST
 
 
-# Northwest Territories, Yukon
+# Northwest Territories, Nunavut, Yukon
 
 # From Paul Eggert (1996-10-07):
 # Dawson switched to PST in 1973.  Inuvik switched to MST in 1979.
===================================================================
RCS file: RCS/southamerica,v
retrieving revision 1999.2
retrieving revision 1999.2.1.1
diff -pu -r1999.2 -r1999.2.1.1
--- southamerica	1999/02/01 20:29:32	1999.2
+++ southamerica	1999/03/22 22:52:56	1999.2.1.1
@@ -434,15 +434,21 @@ Zone America/Porto_Acre	-4:31:12 -	LMT	1
 # DST earlier (saturday 9/26 at 24:00). This is a one-time change only ...
 # (unless there's another dry season next year, I guess).
 
+# From Julio I. Pacheco Troncoso (1999-03-18):
+# Because of the same drought, the government decided to end DST later,
+# on April 3, (one-time change).
+
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
-Rule	Chile	1918	only	-	Sep	1	0:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Chile	1919	only	-	Jul	2	0:00	0	-
-Rule	Chile	1927	1931	-	Sep	1	0:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Chile	1928	1932	-	Apr	1	0:00	0	-
+Rule	Chile	1918	only	-	Sep	 1	0:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Chile	1919	only	-	Jul	 2	0:00	0	-
+Rule	Chile	1927	1931	-	Sep	 1	0:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Chile	1928	1932	-	Apr	 1	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Chile	1969	1997	-	Oct	Sun>=9	0:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Chile	1970	max	-	Mar	Sun>=9	0:00	0	-
+Rule	Chile	1970	1998	-	Mar	Sun>=9	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Chile	1998	only	-	Sep	27	0:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Chile	1999	only	-	Apr	 4	0:00	0	-
 Rule	Chile	1999	max	-	Oct	Sun>=9	0:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Chile	2000	max	-	Mar	Sun>=9	0:00	0	-
 # IATA SSIM anomalies: (1990-09) says 1990-09-16; (1992-02) says 1992-03-14;
 # (1996-09) says 1998-03-08.  Ignore these for now.
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
@@ -584,7 +590,7 @@ Zone Atlantic/South_Georgia -2:26:08 -	L
 			-2:00	-	GST	# South Georgia Time
 
 # South Sandwich Is
-# uninhabited
+# uninhabited; scientific personnel have wintered
 
 # Suriname
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
===================================================================
RCS file: RCS/zone.tab,v
retrieving revision 1999.2
retrieving revision 1999.2.1.1
diff -pu -r1999.2 -r1999.2.1.1
--- zone.tab	1999/02/01 20:29:32	1999.2
+++ zone.tab	1999/03/22 22:52:56	1999.2.1.1
@@ -36,6 +36,7 @@ AQ	-6736+06253	Antarctica/Mawson	Mawson 
 AQ	-6835+07758	Antarctica/Davis	Davis Station, Vestfold Hills
 AQ	-6617+11031	Antarctica/Casey	Casey Station, Bailey Peninsula
 AQ	-6640+14001	Antarctica/DumontDUrville	Dumont-d'Urville Base, Terre Adelie
+AQ	-690022+0393524	Antarctica/Syowa	Syowa Station, E Ongul I
 AR	-3436-05827	America/Buenos_Aires	E Argentina (BA, DF, SC, TF)
 AR	-3257-06040	America/Rosario	NE Argentina (SF, ER, CN, MN, CC, FM, LP, CH)
 AR	-3124-06411	America/Cordoba	W Argentina (CB, SA, TM, LR, SJ, SL, NQ, RN)



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