proposed tz changes for Mexico, Latvia, Paraguay, Falklands, Vostok...
Paul Eggert
eggert at twinsun.com
Wed Mar 7 09:24:50 UTC 2001
At the end of this message is a patch containing a raft of proposed tz
patches to address the following issues. As usual, thanks to
everybody who wrote in -- the work wouldn't be done without you.
* Most of Mexico will have only five months of DST this year. Border
states and Durango will continue to us US rules, apparently. The
situation is still fluid; the mayor of the Federal District wants to
avoid DST entirely. But we can't wait for too much longer, so let's
publish what we now have. (Thanks to Jesper Norgaard, Gwillim Law,
Rives McDow, Arthur David Olson, and James F. Smith for this info.)
* Latvia will observe daylight saving time this year, using EU rules.
(Thanks to Rives McDow for this info.)
* Paraguay's rules are now the first Sunday in October to the first Sunday
in March. (Thanks to Jesper Norgaard and Gwillim Law for this info.)
* The Falklands have changed the DST rules; the new rules are the first
Sunday in September to the third Sunday in April. (Thanks to Jesper
Norgaard and to Rives McDow for this info.) Rives McDow noted that
many Falklands farmers don't use DST; added this to the comments.
* Easter I. etc. (Pacific/Easter) switches at 22:00 local time, not 24:00
like the rest of Chile. (Thanks to Gwillim Law for this info.)
* Lord Howe Island switches at 02:00 local time, not 02:00 standard time.
(Thanks to James Lonergan via David Keegel for this info.)
* Many minor repairs to the long-ago history of Mexican DST, due to new
information that is surfacing on the web due to the uproar over the
`guerra de la hora' in Mexico. The most complicated DST history is
that of Tijuana. We still don't have the full story for Baja since
1970. (Thanks to Gwillim Law for this info.)
* America/Cambridge_Bay switched to EST on 10-29 last year, then
reverted to CST/CDT on 11-05. (Thanks to Rives McDow for this info.)
* A new time zone abbreviation ChST for Chamorro Standard Time,
the new official US time zone for Guam and environs.
(Thanks to Rives McDow for this info.)
* Replace the zones using the SystemV rules, as they tempt users to use
rules that are obsolete. Create links to non-obsolete rules instead.
(Thanks to Ben Collins for noting this problem.)
* Rename the Zone America/Porto_Acre to America/Rio_Branco, as the latter
city is much larger and better known. (Thanks to Jesper Norgaard
for this suggestion.)
* Remove the Zone Europe/Tiraspol; apparently it was bogus, as Tiraspol
has had the same clocks as Chisinau since 1970, though perhaps a few
local hotheads thought otherwise. (Thanks to Jesper Norgaard for
this info.)
* A new Zone Antarctica/Vostok, with the same time as Moscow.
(Thanks to Robert Lee Hotz for inspiring me to find out about Vostok.)
* US daylight saving time apparently was not called "War Time" in 1918/1919,
so change abbreviations like EWT to EDT for times back then. Add a
pointer to Garland's 1927 history, which talks about this indirectly.
* Change the abbreviations like EDT to EWT for Mexico and Canada during
World War II, as those countries were at war.
* Switch from `___' to `zzz' as the abbreviation for the time zone in
uninhabited locations. POSIX 1003.1 (as of 200x draft 5) no longer
allows `___' as a zone name.
* Use strings in zdump.c that are more easily translated.
* Add a comment saying that California may move to permanent DST due to
the current power crunch. (Thanks to Ryan Alessi via Rives McDow for this.)
* Add a comment saying that Indiana may adopt DST statewide soon.
(Thanks to Pam Belluck via Markus Kuhn for this.)
* Clarify the comments in the `etcetera' file about zone names like "GMT+4".
Thanks to Jesper Norgaard for his help with the wording.
* Added comments from Ephraim Silverberg about the abbreviations "IST"
and "IDT" for Israel time.
* Add a comment about the false daylight saving rumor in Chechnya that
recently had the whole city out of sync with Moscow for two weeks.
(Thanks to John Daniszewski for this.)
* Improve verbal descriptions of US time zone boundaries.
(Thanks to Alan Pritchard for this.)
* Add references to some French time zone historical authorities, including
the historical boundaries between Vichy and Occupied France. Also,
mention the separate time zones in Sicily and Sardinia before 1893.
(Thanks to Ciro Discepolo.)
* Add a comment about the monument erected to William Willett in 1927
near Chiselhurst, Kent.
* Correct the title of Benjamin Franklin's original essay proposing DST,
and add the journal and date of publication.
* Change "daylight savings" to "daylight saving" for consistency.
* Explain POSIX file name rules more clearly.
* Specify "mainstream" English spelling, not "traditional".
* In the `Theory' file, relax the rules for time zone abbreviations to
allow "ChST".
* Mention the changes in 1003.1-200x, as they mean that a portable
time zone abbreviation can now use only ASCII letters.
* Mention the new "zzz" convention for locations while uninhabited.
* Update URLs for Pollastri, Shanks's computer distribution.
* Add URLs for various OSes, the IATA SSIM, the CIA, time zone boundary
data, Mexican DST history, the Science of Timekeeping, and the Working
Group on the Leap Second.
* Restore URL for McCarthy and Klepczynski's proposal to remove leap seconds,
as it is available again.
* Remove broken URL for the USNO Astronomical Applications Department.
===================================================================
RCS file: RCS/antarctica,v
retrieving revision 2000.2
retrieving revision 2000.2.0.1
diff -pu -r2000.2 -r2000.2.0.1
--- antarctica 2000/02/21 17:06:16 2000.2
+++ antarctica 2001/03/07 09:05:51 2000.2.0.1
@@ -14,7 +14,19 @@
#
# Except for the French entries,
# I made up all time zone abbreviations mentioned here; corrections welcome!
-# FORMAT is `___' and GMTOFF is 0 for locations while uninhabited.
+# FORMAT is `zzz' and GMTOFF is 0 for locations while uninhabited.
+
+# These rules are stolen from the `europe' file.
+# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
+Rule RussAQ 1981 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule RussAQ 1981 1983 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
+Rule RussAQ 1984 1991 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
+Rule RussAQ 1985 1991 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
+Rule RussAQ 1992 only - Mar lastSat 23:00 1:00 S
+Rule RussAQ 1992 only - Sep lastSat 23:00 0 -
+Rule RussAQ 1993 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
+Rule RussAQ 1993 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
+Rule RussAQ 1996 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 -
# These rules are stolen from the `southamerica' file.
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
@@ -58,13 +70,13 @@ Rule ChileAQ 2000 max - Mar Sun>=9 0:00
# (except 1964-11 - 1969-02)
# Mawson, Holme Bay, -6736+06253, since 1954-02-13
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Antarctica/Casey 0 - ___ 1969
+Zone Antarctica/Casey 0 - zzz 1969
8:00 - WST # Western (Aus) Standard Time
-Zone Antarctica/Davis 0 - ___ 1957 Jan 13
+Zone Antarctica/Davis 0 - zzz 1957 Jan 13
7:00 - DAVT 1964 Nov # Davis Time
- 0 - ___ 1969 Feb
+ 0 - zzz 1969 Feb
7:00 - DAVT
-Zone Antarctica/Mawson 0 - ___ 1954 Feb 13
+Zone Antarctica/Mawson 0 - zzz 1954 Feb 13
6:00 - MAWT # Mawson Time
# References:
# <a href="http://www.antdiv.gov.au/aad/exop/sfo/casey/casey_aws.html">
@@ -110,7 +122,7 @@ Zone Antarctica/Mawson 0 - ___ 1954 Feb
# fishing stations operated variously 1819/1931
#
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Indian/Kerguelen 0 - ___ 1950 # Port-aux-Francais
+Zone Indian/Kerguelen 0 - zzz 1950 # Port-aux-Francais
5:00 - TFT # ISO code TF Time
#
# year-round base in the main continent
@@ -120,9 +132,9 @@ Zone Indian/Kerguelen 0 - ___ 1950 # Por
# It was destroyed by fire on 1952-01-14.
#
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Antarctica/DumontDUrville 0 - ___ 1947
+Zone Antarctica/DumontDUrville 0 - zzz 1947
10:00 - PMT 1952 Jan 14 # Port-Martin Time
- 0 - ___ 1956 Nov
+ 0 - zzz 1956 Nov
10:00 - DDUT # Dumont-d'Urville Time
# Reference:
# <a href="http://www.icair.iac.org.nz/science/reports/fr/IFRTP.html">
@@ -149,7 +161,7 @@ Zone Antarctica/DumontDUrville 0 - ___ 1
# was established on 1957-01-29. Since Syowa station is still the main
# station of Japan, it's appropriate for the principal location.
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Antarctica/Syowa 0 - ___ 1957 Jan 29
+Zone Antarctica/Syowa 0 - zzz 1957 Jan 29
3:00 - SYOT # Syowa Time
# See:
# <a href="http://www.nipr.ac.jp/english/ara01.html">
@@ -190,7 +202,23 @@ Rule NZAQ 1990 max - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0
# Mirny, Davis coast, -6633+09301, since 1956-02
# Molodezhnaya
# Novolazarevskaya
-# Vostok
+
+# Vostok, since 1957-12-16
+# <a href="http://quest.arc.nasa.gov/antarctica/QA/computers/Directions,Time,ZIP">
+# From Craig Mundell (1994-12-15)</a>:
+# Vostok, which is one of the Russian stations, is set on the same
+# time as Moscow, Russia.
+#
+# From Paul Eggert (2001-03-03):
+# Today I talked with a neighbor Robert Lee Hotz, a neighbor who
+# recently returned from Vostok. He said that the Americans have a
+# substation next to Vostok that keeps New Zealand time.
+# He thought the Russians still use Moscow time, but wasn't sure.
+#
+Zone Antarctica/Vostok 0 - zzz 1957 Dec 16
+ 3:00 RussAQ MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
+ 2:00 RussAQ EE%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
+ 3:00 RussAQ MSK/MSD
# S Africa - year-round bases
# Marion Island
@@ -228,7 +256,7 @@ Rule NZAQ 1990 max - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0
# Palmer used to be supplied from Argentina.
#
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Antarctica/Palmer 0 - ___ 1965
+Zone Antarctica/Palmer 0 - zzz 1965
-4:00 ArgAQ AR%sT 1969 Oct 5
-3:00 ArgAQ AR%sT 1982 May
-4:00 ChileAQ CL%sT
@@ -236,7 +264,7 @@ Zone Antarctica/Palmer 0 - ___ 1965
#
# McMurdo, Ross Island, since 1956
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone Antarctica/McMurdo 0 - ___ 1956
+Zone Antarctica/McMurdo 0 - zzz 1956
12:00 NZAQ NZ%sT
#
# Amundsen-Scott, South Pole, since 1957-01-23
===================================================================
RCS file: RCS/asia,v
retrieving revision 2000.8
retrieving revision 2000.8.0.1
diff -pu -r2000.8 -r2000.8.0.1
--- asia 2000/12/14 20:33:30 2000.8
+++ asia 2001/03/07 09:05:51 2000.8.0.1
@@ -522,9 +522,25 @@ Zone Asia/Baghdad 2:57:40 - LMT 1890
# Israel
-# From U. S. Naval Observatory (1989-01-19):
-# ISRAEL 2 H AHEAD OF UTC
-# ISRAEL 3 H AHEAD OF UTC APR 10 - SEP 3
+# From Ephraim Silverberg (2001-01-11):
+#
+# I coined "IST/IDT" circa 1988. Until then there were three
+# different abbreviations in use:
+#
+# JST Jerusalem Standard Time [Danny Braniss, Hebrew University]
+# IZT Israel Zonal (sic) Time [Prof. Haim Papo, Technion]
+# EEST Eastern Europe Standard Time [used by almost everyone else]
+#
+# Since timezones should be called by country and not capital cities,
+# I ruled out JST. As Israel is in Asia Minor and not Eastern Europe,
+# EEST was equally unacceptable. Since "zonal" was not compatible with
+# any other timezone abbreviation, I felt that 'IST' was the way to go
+# and, indeed, it has received almost universal acceptance in timezone
+# settings in Israeli computers.
+#
+# In any case, I am happy to share timezone abbreviations with India,
+# high on my favorite-country list (and not only because my wife's
+# family is from India).
# From Shanks:
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
===================================================================
RCS file: RCS/australasia,v
retrieving revision 2000.8
retrieving revision 2000.8.0.1
diff -pu -r2000.8 -r2000.8.0.1
--- australasia 2000/12/14 20:33:30 2000.8
+++ australasia 2001/03/07 09:05:51 2000.8.0.1
@@ -151,16 +151,16 @@ Zone Australia/Broken_Hill 9:25:48 - LMT
# Lord Howe Island
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule LH 1981 1984 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
-Rule LH 1982 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
-Rule LH 1985 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0:30 -
-Rule LH 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 -
-Rule LH 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 0:30 -
-Rule LH 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0:30 -
-Rule LH 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
-Rule LH 1996 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
-Rule LH 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 0:30 -
-Rule LH 2001 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0:30 -
+Rule LH 1981 1984 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 -
+Rule LH 1982 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 -
+Rule LH 1985 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 -
+Rule LH 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 -
+Rule LH 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00 0:30 -
+Rule LH 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 -
+Rule LH 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 -
+Rule LH 1996 max - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 -
+Rule LH 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00 0:30 -
+Rule LH 2001 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 -
Zone Australia/Lord_Howe 10:36:20 - LMT 1895 Feb
10:00 - EST 1981 Mar
10:30 LH LHST
@@ -223,7 +223,8 @@ Zone Pacific/Tahiti -9:58:16 - LMT 1912
# Guam
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Pacific/Guam 9:39:00 - LMT 1901 # Agana
- 10:00 - GST
+ 10:00 - GST 2000 Dec 23 # Guam
+ 10:00 - ChST # Chamorro Standard Time
# Kiribati
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
@@ -242,7 +243,8 @@ Zone Pacific/Kiritimati -10:29:20 - LMT
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Pacific/Saipan 9:43:00 - LMT 1901
9:00 - MPT 1969 Oct # N Mariana Is Time
- 10:00 - MPT
+ 10:00 - MPT 2000 Dec 23
+ 10:00 - ChST # Chamorro Standard Time
# Marshall Is
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
@@ -494,7 +496,7 @@ Zone Pacific/Wallis 12:15:20 - LMT 1901
# 9:00 JST Japan
# 9:30 CST CST Central Australia
# 10:00 EST EST Eastern Australia
-# 10:00 GST Guam
+# 10:00 ChST Chamorro
# 10:30 LHST LHST Lord Howe*
# 12:00 NZST NZDT New Zealand
# 12:45 CHAST CHADT Chatham*
@@ -876,8 +878,9 @@ Zone Pacific/Wallis 12:15:20 - LMT 1901
# shown on clocks on LHI. I guess this means that for 30 minutes at the start
# of DST, LHI is actually 1 hour ahead of the rest of NSW.
-# From Paul Eggert (2000-10-25):
-# For Lord Howe we use Shanks through 1989, and Lonergan thereafter,
+# From Paul Eggert (2001-02-09):
+# For Lord Howe dates we use Shanks through 1989, and Lonergan thereafter.
+# For times we use Lonergan.
###############################################################################
@@ -976,6 +979,11 @@ Zone Pacific/Wallis 12:15:20 - LMT 1901
# (now called the Marianas) kept American date for quite some time.
# Ignore this for now, as we have no hard data. See also Asia/Manila.
+# US Public Law 106-564 (2000-12-23) made UTC+10 the official standard time,
+# under the name "Chamorro Standard Time". There is no official abbreviation,
+# but Congressman Robert A. Underwood, author of the bill that became law,
+# wrote in a press release (2000-12-27) that he will seek the use of "ChST".
+
# Micronesia
===================================================================
RCS file: RCS/backward,v
retrieving revision 2000.8
retrieving revision 2000.8.0.1
diff -pu -r2000.8 -r2000.8.0.1
--- backward 2000/12/14 20:33:33 2000.8
+++ backward 2001/03/07 09:05:51 2000.8.0.1
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ Link America/Adak America/Atka
Link America/Tijuana America/Ensenada
Link America/Indianapolis America/Fort_Wayne
Link America/Indiana/Knox America/Knox_IN
+Link America/Rio_Branco America/Porto_Acre
Link America/St_Thomas America/Virgin
Link Asia/Dhaka Asia/Dacca
Link Asia/Ashgabat Asia/Ashkhabad
@@ -44,6 +45,7 @@ Link Africa/Cairo Egypt
Link Europe/Dublin Eire
Link Europe/London GB
Link Europe/London GB-Eire
+Link Europe/Chisinau Europe/Tiraspol
Link Etc/GMT+0 GMT+0
Link Etc/GMT-0 GMT-0
Link Etc/GMT0 GMT0
===================================================================
RCS file: RCS/date.c,v
retrieving revision 2000.4
retrieving revision 2000.4.0.1
diff -pu -r2000.4 -r2000.4.0.1
--- date.c 2000/04/20 19:42:55 2000.4
+++ date.c 2001/03/07 09:05:51 2000.4.0.1
@@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ char * argv[];
case 'n': /* don't set network */
nflag = 1;
break;
- case 'd': /* daylight savings time */
+ case 'd': /* daylight saving time */
if (dflag) {
(void) fprintf(stderr,
_("date: error: multiple -d's used"));
===================================================================
RCS file: RCS/etcetera,v
retrieving revision 1998.7
retrieving revision 1998.7.0.2
diff -pu -r1998.7 -r1998.7.0.2
--- etcetera 1998/08/11 03:16:33 1998.7
+++ etcetera 2001/03/07 09:05:51 1998.7.0.2
@@ -24,10 +24,24 @@ Link Etc/GMT Etc/GMT-0
Link Etc/GMT Etc/GMT+0
Link Etc/GMT Etc/GMT0
-# We use POSIX-style signedness in the names and output,
-# internal-style signedness in the specifications.
-# For example, TZ=Etc/GMT+4 corresponds to 4 hours _behind_ UTC;
-# it is equivalent to TZ=GMT+4, which is implemented directly as per POSIX.
+# We use POSIX-style signs in the Zone names and the output abbreviations,
+# even though this is the opposite of what many people expect.
+# POSIX has positive signs west of Greenwich, but many people expect
+# positive signs east of Greenwich. For example, TZ='Etc/GMT+4' uses
+# the abbreviation "GMT+4" and corresponds to 4 hours behind UTC
+# (i.e. west of Greenwich) even though many people would expect it to
+# mean 4 hours ahead of UTC (i.e. east of Greenwich).
+#
+# In the draft 5 of POSIX 1003.1-200x, the angle bracket notation
+# (which is not yet supported by the tz code) allows for
+# TZ='<GMT-4>+4'; if you want time zone abbreviations conforming to
+# ISO 8601 you can use TZ='<-0400>+4'. Thus the commonly-expected
+# offset is kept within the angle bracket (and is used for display)
+# while the POSIX sign is kept outside the angle bracket (and is used
+# for calculation).
+#
+# Do not use a TZ setting like TZ='GMT+4', which is four hours behind
+# GMT but uses the completely misleading abbreviation "GMT".
# Earlier incarnations of this package were not POSIX-compliant,
# and had lines such as
===================================================================
RCS file: RCS/europe,v
retrieving revision 2000.8
retrieving revision 2000.8.0.1
diff -pu -r2000.8 -r2000.8.0.1
--- europe 2000/12/14 20:33:31 2000.8
+++ europe 2001/03/07 09:05:51 2000.8.0.1
@@ -135,6 +135,9 @@
# <a href="http://www.the-times.co.uk/news/pages/tim/2000/05/18/x-timcrtcrt01011.html">
# Summer Time Arrives Early, The Times (2000-05-18)
# </a>
+# A monument was erected in 1927 to Willett, in an open space in a 45-acre wood
+# near Chiselhurst, Kent that was purchased by popular subscription and open
+# to the public.
# From Paul Eggert (1996-09-03):
# The OED Supplement says that the English originally said ``Daylight Saving''
@@ -808,6 +811,19 @@ Zone Europe/Helsinki 1:39:52 - LMT 1878
2:00 EU EE%sT
# France
+
+# From Ciro Discepolo (2000-12-20):
+#
+# Henri Le Corre, Regimes Horaires pour le monde entier, Editions
+# Traditionnelles - Paris 2 books, 1993
+#
+# Gabriel, Traite de l'heure dans le monde, Guy Tredaniel editeur,
+# Paris, 1991
+#
+# Francoise Gauquelin, Problemes de l'heure resolus en astrologie,
+# Guy tredaniel, Paris 1987
+
+
#
# Shanks seems to use `24:00' ambiguously; we resolve it with Whitman.
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
@@ -844,8 +860,14 @@ Rule France 1938 only - Mar 26 23:00s 1:
Rule France 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S
Rule France 1939 only - Nov 18 23:00s 0 -
Rule France 1940 only - Feb 25 2:00 1:00 S
-# The French rules for 1941-1944 were not used in Paris,
-# but were used in other places (e.g. Monaco).
+# The French rules for 1941-1944 were not used in Paris, but Shanks writes
+# that they were used in Monaco and in many French locations.
+# Le Corre writes that the upper limit of the free zone was Arneguy, Orthez,
+# Mont-de-Marsan, Bazas, Langon, Lamotte-Montravel, Marouil, La
+# Rochefoucault, Champagne-Mouton, La Roche-Posay, La Haye-Decartes,
+# Loches, Montrichard, Vierzon, Bourges, Moulins, Digoin,
+# Paray-le-Monial, Montceau-les-Mines, Chalons-sur-Saone, Arbois,
+# Dole, Morez, St-Claude, and Collognes (Haute-Savioe).
Rule France 1941 only - May 5 0:00 2:00 M # Midsummer
# Shanks says this transition occurred at Oct 6 1:00,
# but go with Denis.Excoffier at ens.fr (1997-12-12),
@@ -870,9 +892,11 @@ Rule France 1976 only - Sep 26 1:00 0 -
# on PMT-0:09:21 until 1978-08-09, when the time base finally switched to UTC.
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Europe/Paris 0:09:21 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 0:01
- 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time
-# Shanks gives 1940 Jun 14 0:00; go with Excoffier's 14/6/40 22hUT.
+ 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Paris MT
+# Shanks gives 1940 Jun 14 0:00; go with Excoffier and Le Corre.
0:00 France WE%sT 1940 Jun 14 23:00
+# Le Corre says Paris stuck with occupied-France time after the liberation;
+# go with Shanks.
1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Aug 25
0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00
1:00 France CE%sT 1977
@@ -1047,9 +1071,16 @@ Zone Atlantic/Reykjavik -1:27:24 - LMT 1
# Italy
#
+# From Paul Eggert (2001-03-06):
+# Sicily and Sardinia each had their own time zones from 1866 to 1893,
+# called ``Palermo Time'' (+0053) and ``Cagliari Time'' (+0038).
+# During World War II, German-controlled Italy used German time.
+# But these events all occurred before the 1970 cutoff,
+# so record only the time in Rome.
+#
# From Paul Eggert (1996-05-06):
# For Italian DST we have three sources: Shanks, Whitman, and F. Pollastri
-# <a href="http://pisolo.cstv.to.cnr.it/toi/uk/ienitlt.html">
+# <a href="http://toi.iriti.cnr.it/uk/ienitlt.html">
# Day-light Saving Time in Italy (1996-03-14)
# </a>
# (`FP' below), taken from an Italian National Electrotechnical Institute
@@ -1163,6 +1194,20 @@ Link Europe/Rome Europe/San_Marino
# The Regulations of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Rep. of Latvia of
# 29-Feb-2000 (#79)</a>, in Latvian for subscribers only).
+# <a href="http://www.rferl.org/newsline/2001/01/3-CEE/cee-030101.html">
+# From RFE/RL Newsline (2001-01-03), noted after a heads-up by Rives McDow:
+# </a>
+# The Latvian government on 2 January decided that the country will
+# institute daylight-saving time this spring, LETA reported.
+# Last February the three Baltic states decided not to turn back their
+# clocks one hour in the spring....
+# Minister of Economy Aigars Kalvitis noted that Latvia had too few
+# daylight hours and thus decided to comply with a draft European
+# Commission directive that provides for instituting daylight-saving
+# time in EU countries between 2002 and 2006. The Latvian government
+# urged Lithuania and Estonia to adopt a similar time policy, but it
+# appears that they will not do so....
+
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Latvia 1989 1996 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
Rule Latvia 1989 1996 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
@@ -1180,7 +1225,8 @@ Zone Europe/Riga 1:36:24 - LMT 1880
2:00 1:00 EEST 1989 Sep lastSun 2:00s
2:00 Latvia EE%sT 1997 Jan 21
2:00 EU EE%sT 2000 Feb 29
- 2:00 - EET
+ 2:00 - EET 2001
+ 2:00 EU EE%sT
# Liechtenstein
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
@@ -1283,6 +1329,18 @@ Zone Europe/Malta 0:58:04 - LMT 1893 Nov
1:00 EU CE%sT
# Moldova
+
+# From Paul Eggert (2001-02-11):
+# A previous version of this database followed Shanks, who writes that
+# Tiraspol switched to Moscow time on 1992-01-19 at 02:00.
+# However, this is most likely an error, as Moldova declared independence
+# on 1991-08-27 (the 1992-01-19 date is that of a Russian decree).
+# In early 1992 there was large-scale interethnic violence in the area
+# and it's possible that some Russophones continued to observe Moscow time.
+# But moldavizolit at tirastel.md and mk at tirastel.md separately reported via
+# Jesper Norgaard that as of 2001-01-24 Tiraspol was like Chisinau.
+# The Tiraspol entry has therefore been removed for now.
+
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Europe/Chisinau 1:55:20 - LMT 1880
1:55 - CMT 1918 Feb 15 # Chisinau MT
@@ -1297,15 +1355,6 @@ Zone Europe/Chisinau 1:55:20 - LMT 1880
2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1997
# See Romania commentary for the guessed 1997 transition to EU rules.
2:00 EU EE%sT
-Zone Europe/Tiraspol 1:58:32 - LMT 1880
- 1:55 - CMT 1918 Feb 15 # Chisinau MT
- 1:44:24 - BMT 1931 Jul 24 # Bucharest MT
- 2:00 Romania EE%sT 1940 Aug 15
- 2:00 1:00 EEST 1941 Jul 17
- 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Aug 24
- 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00
- 2:00 Russia EE%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00
- 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD
# Monaco
# Shanks gives 0:09 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's more precise 0:09:21.
@@ -1579,6 +1628,13 @@ Zone Europe/Bucharest 1:44:24 - LMT 1891
# According to a friend of mine who rode the Trans-Siberian Railroad from
# Moscow to Irkutsk in 1995, public air and rail transport in Russia ...
# still follows Moscow time, no matter where in Russia it is located.
+#
+# For Grozny, Chechnya, we have the following story from
+# John Daniszewski, "Scavengers in the Rubble", Los Angeles Times (2001-02-07):
+# News--often false--is spread by word of mouth. A rumor that it was
+# time to move the clocks back put this whole city out of sync with
+# the rest of Russia for two weeks--even soldiers stationed here began
+# enforcing curfew at the wrong time.
#
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Europe/Kaliningrad 1:22:00 - LMT 1893 Apr
===================================================================
RCS file: RCS/northamerica,v
retrieving revision 2000.8
retrieving revision 2000.8.0.1
diff -pu -r2000.8 -r2000.8.0.1
--- northamerica 2000/12/14 20:33:31 2000.8
+++ northamerica 2001/03/07 09:05:51 2000.8.0.1
@@ -31,9 +31,10 @@
# Make sure you have the errata sheet; the book is somewhat useless without it.
# It is the source for the US and Puerto Rico entries below.
-# From Paul Eggert (1996-06-12):
+# From Paul Eggert (2001-03-06):
# Daylight Saving Time was first suggested as a joke by Benjamin Franklin
-# in his whimsical essay ``Turkey vs Eagle, McCauley is my Beagle'' (1784).
+# in his whimsical essay ``An Economical Project for Diminishing the Cost
+# of Light'' published in the Journal de Paris (1784-04-26).
# Not everyone is happy with the results:
#
# I don't really care how time is reckoned so long as there is some
@@ -48,6 +49,16 @@
# them healthy, wealthy and wise in spite of themselves.
#
# -- Robertson Davies, The Diary of Samuel Marchbanks (1947), XIX, Sunday
+#
+# For more about the first ten years of DST in the United States, see
+# Robert Garland's <a href="http://www.clpgh.org/exhibit/dst.html">
+# Ten years of daylight saving from the Pittsburgh standpoint
+# (Carnegie Library of Pittsburgh, 1927)</a>.
+#
+# Shanks says that DST was called "War Time" in the US in 1918 and 1919.
+# However, DST was imposed by the Standard Time Act of 1918, which
+# was the first nationwide legal time standard, and apparently
+# time was just called "Standard Time" or "Daylight Saving Time".
# From Arthur David Olson:
# US Daylight Saving Time ended on the last Sunday of *October* in 1974.
@@ -77,14 +88,8 @@
# of surrender, all of whom interrupting the bells of Big Ben in
# London which were to precede Mr. Atlee's speech.
-# From Paul Eggert (2000-10-02):
-# Shanks says that DST was called "War Time" in the US in 1919.
-# In the light of the above, this seems suspect;
-# but we have no better authority yet.
-
-
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule US 1918 1919 - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 W # War
+Rule US 1918 1919 - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
Rule US 1918 1919 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
Rule US 1942 only - Feb 9 2:00 1:00 W # War
Rule US 1945 only - Aug 14 23:00u 1:00 P # Peace
@@ -174,6 +179,19 @@ Rule US 1987 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00
# From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19):
# Shanks uses 1983-10-30, not 1983-11-30, for the 1983 transitions.
# Go with Shanks.
+#
+# From Paul Eggert (2000-01-08), following a heads-up from Rives McDow:
+# Public law 106-564 (2000-12-23) introduced the abbreviation
+# "Chamorro Standard Time" for time in Guam and the Northern Marianas.
+# See the file "australasia".
+
+# From Ryan Alessi of the Thousand Oaks Star (2001-02-15) via Rives McDow:
+# Brad Sherman, D-Sherman Oaks, introduced a bill in Congress on
+# Wednesday that could have California operating on Denver time as
+# early as this summer.... The options include keeping
+# daylight-saving time all year long, or setting clocks back two hours
+# -- instead of just one -- during the existing daylight-saving time.
+
# US Eastern time, represented by New York
@@ -226,7 +244,8 @@ Zone America/Chicago -5:50:36 - LMT 1883
#
# Colorado, southern Idaho, far western Kansas, Montana, western
# Nebraska, New Mexico, southwestern North Dakota, far eastern Oregon,
-# western South Dakota, far western Texas, Utah, Wyoming
+# western South Dakota, far western Texas (El Paso County, Hudspeth County,
+# and Pine Springs and Nickel Creek in Culberson County), Utah, Wyoming
#
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER
Rule Denver 1920 1921 - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
@@ -376,6 +395,13 @@ Zone America/Boise -7:44:49 - LMT 1883 N
# So we reluctantly put them all in a subdirectory `America/Indiana'.
#
# Most of EST-only Indiana last observed DST in 1970.
+
+# From Paul Eggert (2001-03-06), following a tip by Markus Kuhn:
+# Pam Belluck reported in the New York Times (2001-01-31) that the
+# Indiana Legislature is considering a bill to adopt DST statewide.
+# Her article mentioned Vevay, whose post office observes a different
+# time zone than Danner's Hardware across the street.
+
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER
Rule Indianapolis 1941 only - Jun 22 2:00 1:00 D
Rule Indianapolis 1941 1954 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
@@ -521,6 +547,11 @@ Zone America/Kentucky/Monticello -5:39:2
#
# This story is too entertaining to be false, so go with Howse over Shanks.
#
+# From Paul Eggert (2001-03-06):
+# Garland (1927) writes ``Cleveland and Detroit advanced their clocks
+# one hour in 1914.'' This change is not in Shanks. We have no more
+# info, so omit this for now.
+#
# Most of Michigan observed DST from 1973 on, but was a bit late in 1975.
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER
Rule Detroit 1948 only - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
@@ -646,7 +677,7 @@ Link Pacific/Honolulu HST
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Canada 1918 only - Apr 14 2:00 1:00 D
Rule Canada 1918 only - Oct 31 2:00 0 S
-Rule Canada 1942 only - Feb 9 2:00 1:00 D
+Rule Canada 1942 only - Feb 9 2:00 1:00 W
Rule Canada 1945 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 S
Rule Canada 1974 1986 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
Rule Canada 1974 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
@@ -675,13 +706,13 @@ Rule StJohns 1920 1935 - Oct lastSun 23:
Rule StJohns 1936 1941 - May Sun>=8 0:00 1:00 D
Rule StJohns 1936 1941 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00 0 S
# Shanks gives 1942 May 11 - 1945 Sep 30; go with Whitman.
-Rule StJohns 1942 only - Mar 1 0:00 1:00 D
+Rule StJohns 1942 only - Mar 1 0:00 1:00 W
Rule StJohns 1942 only - Dec 31 0:00 0 S
-Rule StJohns 1943 only - May 30 0:00 1:00 D
+Rule StJohns 1943 only - May 30 0:00 1:00 W
Rule StJohns 1943 only - Sep 5 0:00 0 S
-Rule StJohns 1944 only - Jul 10 0:00 1:00 D
+Rule StJohns 1944 only - Jul 10 0:00 1:00 W
Rule StJohns 1944 only - Sep 2 0:00 0 S
-Rule StJohns 1945 only - Jan 1 0:00 1:00 D
+Rule StJohns 1945 only - Jan 1 0:00 1:00 W
Rule StJohns 1945 only - Oct 7 2:00 0 S
# For 1946-9 Whitman gives May 5,4,9,1 - Oct 1,5,3,2, and for 1950 he gives
# Apr 30 - Sep 24; go with Shanks.
@@ -765,7 +796,7 @@ Rule Halifax 1937 1938 - May Sun>=1 0:00
Rule Halifax 1937 1941 - Sep Mon>=24 0:00 0 S
Rule Halifax 1939 only - May 28 0:00 1:00 D
Rule Halifax 1940 1941 - May Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 D
-Rule Halifax 1942 only - Feb 9 2:00 1:00 D
+Rule Halifax 1942 only - Feb 9 2:00 1:00 W
Rule Halifax 1945 1959 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
Rule Halifax 1946 1959 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
Rule Halifax 1962 1986 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
@@ -867,7 +898,7 @@ Rule Winn 1918 only - Apr 14 2:00 1:00 D
Rule Winn 1918 only - Oct 31 2:00 0 S
Rule Winn 1937 only - May 16 2:00 1:00 D
Rule Winn 1937 only - Sep 26 2:00 0 S
-Rule Winn 1942 only - Feb 9 2:00 1:00 D
+Rule Winn 1942 only - Feb 9 2:00 1:00 W
Rule Winn 1945 only - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
Rule Winn 1946 only - May 12 2:00 1:00 D
Rule Winn 1946 only - Oct 13 2:00 0 S
@@ -937,7 +968,7 @@ Rule Regina 1937 1941 - Apr Sun>=8 0:00
Rule Regina 1937 only - Oct Sun>=8 0:00 0 S
Rule Regina 1938 only - Oct Sun>=1 0:00 0 S
Rule Regina 1939 1941 - Oct Sun>=8 0:00 0 S
-Rule Regina 1942 only - Feb 9 2:00 1:00 D
+Rule Regina 1942 only - Feb 9 2:00 1:00 W
Rule Regina 1945 only - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
Rule Regina 1946 only - Apr Sun>=8 2:00 1:00 D
Rule Regina 1946 only - Oct Sun>=8 2:00 0 S
@@ -970,7 +1001,7 @@ Rule Edm 1919 only - May 27 2:00 0 S
Rule Edm 1920 1923 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
Rule Edm 1920 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
Rule Edm 1921 1923 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
-Rule Edm 1942 only - Feb 9 2:00 1:00 D
+Rule Edm 1942 only - Feb 9 2:00 1:00 W
Rule Edm 1945 only - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
Rule Edm 1947 only - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
Rule Edm 1947 only - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
@@ -996,7 +1027,7 @@ Zone America/Edmonton -7:33:52 - LMT 190
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Vanc 1918 only - Apr 14 2:00 1:00 D
Rule Vanc 1918 only - Oct 31 2:00 0 S
-Rule Vanc 1942 only - Feb 9 2:00 1:00 D
+Rule Vanc 1942 only - Feb 9 2:00 1:00 W
Rule Vanc 1945 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 S
Rule Vanc 1946 1986 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
Rule Vanc 1946 only - Oct 13 2:00 0 S
@@ -1100,6 +1131,9 @@ Zone America/Dawson_Creek -8:00:56 - LMT
# central time, while Kugluktuk, even farther west, reverted to
# mountain time, which they had used before the advent of Nunavut's
# unified time zone in 1999.
+#
+# From Rives McDow (2001-01-20), quoting the Nunavut government:
+# The preceding decision came into effect at midnight, Saturday Nov 4, 2000.
# From Paul Eggert (2000-12-04):
# Let's just keep track of the official times for now.
@@ -1109,7 +1143,7 @@ Rule NT_YK 1918 only - Apr 14 2:00 1:00
Rule NT_YK 1918 only - Oct 27 2:00 0 S
Rule NT_YK 1919 only - May 25 2:00 1:00 D
Rule NT_YK 1919 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 S
-Rule NT_YK 1942 only - Feb 9 2:00 1:00 D
+Rule NT_YK 1942 only - Feb 9 2:00 1:00 W
Rule NT_YK 1945 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 S
Rule NT_YK 1965 only - Apr lastSun 0:00 2:00 DD
Rule NT_YK 1965 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
@@ -1131,6 +1165,8 @@ Zone America/Rankin_Inlet -6:08:40 - LMT
-5:00 - EST
Zone America/Cambridge_Bay -7:00:20 - LMT 1884
-7:00 NT_YK M%sT 1999 Oct 31 2:00
+ -6:00 Canada C%sT 2000 Oct 29 2:00
+ -5:00 - EST 2000 Nov 5 0:00
-6:00 Canada C%sT
Zone America/Yellowknife -7:37:24 - LMT 1884
-7:00 NT_YK M%sT
@@ -1149,31 +1185,29 @@ Zone America/Dawson -9:17:40 - LMT 1900
# Mexico
-# Gwillim Law reports this source for daylight saving time in Mexico:
-# <a href="http://www.spin.com.mx/verano/">
-# Daylight saving time * SPIN-Internet (in Spanish)
-# </a>
-# Law (2000-03-09) translates it as follows:
-#
-# Standard time effective in Mexico takes its origin in the
-# presidential decree of April 24, 1942. The time of the 120th
-# meridian applies to the state of Baja California; of the 105th
-# meridian to the states of Baja California Sur, Sonora, Sinaloa, and
-# Nayarit; and the time of the 90th meridian to the rest of the
-# country.
-#
-# In the country, there have been several attempts made to adapt
-# standard time with the object of arriving at a better use of
-# daylight for social and economic activities. In December, 1981 a
-# permanent time zone was decreed for the states of Campeche, Yucatan,
-# and Quintana Roo, displacing them from the 90th to the 75th
-# meridian. This disposition was annulled on December 2, 1982.
-#
-# In 1988 a Summer Time was established for the states of Tamaulipas,
-# Nuevo Leon, Coahuila, and Durango, which meant that from the first
-# Sunday in April to the last [Sunday] of October those states
-# displaced their time from the 90th to the 75th meridian. That
-# disposition lasted for one year.
+# From Paul Eggert (2001-03-05):
+# The Investigation and Analysis Service of the
+# Mexican Library of Congress (MLoC) has published a
+# <a href="http://www.cddhcu.gob.mx/bibliot/publica/inveyana/polisoc/horver/">
+# history of Mexican local time (in Spanish)
+# </a>.
+#
+# Here are the discrepancies between Shanks and the MLoC.
+# (In all cases we go with the MLoC.)
+# Shanks reports that Baja was at -8:00 in 1922/1923.
+# Shanks says the 1930 transition in Baja was 1930-11-16.
+# Shanks reports no DST during summer 1931.
+# Shanks reports a transition at 1032-03-30 23:00, not 1932-04-01.
+# Shanks does not report transitions for Baja in 1945 or 1948.
+# Shanks reports southern Mexico transitions on 1981-12-01, not 12-23.
+# Shanks says Quintana Roo switched to -6:00 on 1982-12-02, and to -5:00
+# on 1997-10-26 at 02:00.
+
+# From Gwillim Law (2001-02-20):
+# There are some other discrepancies between the Decrees page and the
+# tz database. I think they can best be explained by supposing that
+# the researchers who prepared the Decrees page failed to find some of
+# the relevant documents.
# From Paul Eggert (2000-07-26):
# Shanks gives 1942-04-01 instead of 1942-04-24, and omits the 1981
@@ -1223,54 +1257,91 @@ Zone America/Dawson -9:17:40 - LMT 1900
# savings time so as to stay on the same time zone as the southern part of
# Arizona year round.
-# From Jesper Norgaard (2000-12-02):
-# No changes have been implemented yet, but the new elected president
-# Vicente Fox seems to agree with his presidential candidate opponent
-# Labastida that daylight saving should not be discontinued, but maybe
-# reduced with a couple of months, e.g. starting one month later and
-# ending one month earlier:
-# http://www.reforma.com/nacional/articulo/044581/
+# From Jesper Norgaard, translating
+# <http://www.reforma.com/nacional/articulo/064327/> (2001-01-17):
+# In Oaxaca, the 55.000 teachers from the Section 22 of the National
+# Syndicate of Education Workers, refuse to apply daylight saving each
+# year, so that the more than 10,000 schools work at normal hour the
+# whole year.
+
+# From Gwillim Law (2001-01-19):
+# <http://www.reforma.com/negocios_y_dinero/articulo/064481/> ... says
+# (translated):...
+# January 17, 2000 - The Energy Secretary, Ernesto Martens, announced
+# that Summer Time will be reduced from seven to five months, starting
+# this year....
+# <http://www.publico.com.mx/scripts/texto3.asp?action=pagina&pag=21&pos=p&secc=naci&date=01/17/2001>
+# [translated], says "summer time will ... take effect on the first Sunday
+# in May, and end on the last Sunday of September.
+
+# From Arthur David Olson (2001-01-25):
+# The 2001-01-24 traditional Washington Post contained the page one
+# story "Timely Issue Divides Mexicans."...
+# http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A37383-2001Jan23.html
+# ... Mexico City Mayor Lopez Obrador "...is threatening to keep
+# Mexico City and its 20 million residents on a different time than
+# the rest of the country..." In particular, Lopez Obrador would abolish
+# observation of Daylight Saving Time.
+
+# <a href="http://www.conae.gob.mx/ahorro/decretohorver2001.html#decre">
+# Official statute published by the Energy Department
+# </a> (2001-02-01) shows Baja and Chihauhua as still using US DST rules,
+# and Sonora with no DST. This was reported by Jesper Norgaard (2001-02-03).
+
+# From Paul Eggert (2001-03-03):
+#
+# <a href="http://www.latimes.com/news/nation/20010303/t000018766.html">
+# James F. Smith writes in today's LA Times
+# </a>
+# * Sonora will continue to observe standard time.
+# * Border states including Baja California, Chihuahua, and Nuevo Leon
+# will use US rules,
+# * Last week Mexico City's mayor Andres Manuel Lopez Obrador decreed that
+# the Federal District will not adopt DST.
+# * 4 of 16 district leaders announced they'll ignore the decree.
+# * The decree does not affect federal-controlled facilities including
+# the airport, banks, hospitals, and schools.
+#
+# For now we'll assume that the Federal District will bow to federal rules
+# and that border states and Durango will stick with US rules.
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Mexico 1939 only - Feb 5 0:00 1:00 D
Rule Mexico 1939 only - Jun 25 0:00 0 S
Rule Mexico 1940 only - Dec 9 0:00 1:00 D
Rule Mexico 1941 only - Apr 1 0:00 0 S
-Rule Mexico 1943 only - Dec 16 0:00 1:00 D
+Rule Mexico 1943 only - Dec 16 0:00 1:00 W
Rule Mexico 1944 only - May 1 0:00 0 S
Rule Mexico 1950 only - Feb 12 0:00 1:00 D
Rule Mexico 1950 only - Jul 30 0:00 0 S
-Rule Mexico 1996 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
-Rule Mexico 1996 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
-#
-Rule BajaN 1954 1961 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
-Rule BajaN 1954 1961 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
+Rule Mexico 1996 2000 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
+Rule Mexico 1996 2000 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
+Rule Mexico 2001 max - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
+Rule Mexico 2001 max - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
# Quintana Roo
Zone America/Cancun -5:47:04 - LMT 1922 Jan 1 0:12:56
- -6:00 - CST 1981 Dec
- -5:00 - EST 1982 Dec 2
- -6:00 - CST 1996
- -6:00 Mexico C%sT 1997 Oct lastSun 2:00
+ -6:00 - CST 1981 Dec 23
-5:00 Mexico E%sT 1998 Aug 2 2:00
-6:00 Mexico C%sT
# Campeche, Yucatan
Zone America/Merida -5:58:28 - LMT 1922 Jan 1 0:01:32
- -6:00 - CST 1981 Dec
+ -6:00 - CST 1981 Dec 23
-5:00 - EST 1982 Dec 2
-6:00 Mexico C%sT
# Coahuila, Durango, Nuevo Leon, Tamaulipas
-Zone America/Monterrey -6:41:16 - LMT 1922 Jan 1 0:01:32
+Zone America/Monterrey -6:41:16 - LMT 1921 Dec 31 23:18:44
-6:00 - CST 1988
-6:00 US C%sT 1989
- -6:00 Mexico C%sT
+ -6:00 Mexico C%sT 2001
+ -6:00 US C%sT
# Central Mexico
Zone America/Mexico_City -6:36:36 - LMT 1922 Jan 1 0:23:24
-7:00 - MST 1927 Jun 10 23:00
-6:00 - CST 1930 Nov 15
-7:00 - MST 1931 May 1 23:00
-6:00 - CST 1931 Oct
- -7:00 - MST 1932 Mar 30 23:00
+ -7:00 - MST 1932 Apr 1
-6:00 Mexico C%sT
# Chihuahua
Zone America/Chihuahua -7:04:20 - LMT 1921 Dec 31 23:55:40
@@ -1278,18 +1349,19 @@ Zone America/Chihuahua -7:04:20 - LMT 19
-6:00 - CST 1930 Nov 15
-7:00 - MST 1931 May 1 23:00
-6:00 - CST 1931 Oct
- -7:00 - MST 1932 Mar 30 23:00
+ -7:00 - MST 1932 Apr 1
-6:00 - CST 1996
-6:00 Mexico C%sT 1998
-6:00 - CST 1998 Apr Sun>=1 3:00
- -7:00 Mexico M%sT
+ -7:00 Mexico M%sT 2001
+ -7:00 US M%sT
# Sonora
Zone America/Hermosillo -7:23:52 - LMT 1921 Dec 31 23:36:08
-7:00 - MST 1927 Jun 10 23:00
-6:00 - CST 1930 Nov 15
-7:00 - MST 1931 May 1 23:00
-6:00 - CST 1931 Oct
- -7:00 - MST 1932 Mar 30 23:00
+ -7:00 - MST 1932 Apr 1
-6:00 - CST 1942 Apr 24
-7:00 - MST 1949 Jan 14
-8:00 - PST 1970
@@ -1301,20 +1373,38 @@ Zone America/Mazatlan -7:05:40 - LMT 192
-6:00 - CST 1930 Nov 15
-7:00 - MST 1931 May 1 23:00
-6:00 - CST 1931 Oct
- -7:00 - MST 1932 Mar 30 23:00
+ -7:00 - MST 1932 Apr 1
-6:00 - CST 1942 Apr 24
-7:00 - MST 1949 Jan 14
-8:00 - PST 1970
-7:00 Mexico M%sT
# Baja California
Zone America/Tijuana -7:48:04 - LMT 1922 Jan 1 0:11:56
+ -7:00 - MST 1924
-8:00 - PST 1927 Jun 10 23:00
- -7:00 - MST 1930 Nov 16
+ -7:00 - MST 1930 Nov 15
+ -8:00 - PST 1931 Apr 1
+ -8:00 1:00 PDT 1931 Sep 30
-8:00 - PST 1942 Apr 24
- -7:00 - MST 1949 Jan 14
- -8:00 BajaN P%sT 1976
+ -8:00 1:00 PWT 1945 Nov 12
+ -8:00 - PST 1948 Apr 5
+ -8:00 1:00 PDT 1949 Jan 14
+ -8:00 - PST 1954
+ -8:00 CA P%sT 1961
+ -8:00 - PST 1976
-8:00 US P%sT 1996
- -8:00 Mexico P%sT
+ -8:00 Mexico P%sT 2001
+ -8:00 US P%sT
+# From Paul Eggert (2001-03-05):
+# Formerly there was an America/Ensenada zone, which differed from
+# America/Tijuana only in that it did not observe DST from 1976
+# through 1995. This was as per Shanks. However, Guy Harris reports
+# that the 1987 OAG says "Only Ensenada, Mexicale, San Felipe and
+# Tijuana observe DST," which contradicts Shanks but does imply that
+# DST-observance was a town-by-town matter back then. This concerns
+# data after 1970 so most likely there should be at least one Zone
+# other than America/Tijuana for Baja, but it's not clear yet what its
+# name or contents should be.
#
# Revillagigedo Is
# no information
===================================================================
RCS file: RCS/southamerica,v
retrieving revision 2000.8
retrieving revision 2000.8.0.1
diff -pu -r2000.8 -r2000.8.0.1
--- southamerica 2000/12/14 20:33:32 2000.8
+++ southamerica 2001/03/07 09:05:51 2000.8.0.1
@@ -474,8 +474,7 @@ Zone America/Eirunepe -4:39:28 - LMT 191
-5:00 - ACT
#
# Acre (AC)
-# Rio_Branco is too ambiguous, since there's a Rio Branco in Uruguay too.
-Zone America/Porto_Acre -4:31:12 - LMT 1914
+Zone America/Rio_Branco -4:31:12 - LMT 1914
-5:00 Brazil AC%sT 1988 Sep 12
-5:00 - ACT
@@ -494,17 +493,29 @@ Zone America/Porto_Acre -4:31:12 - LMT 1
# Because of the same drought, the government decided to end DST later,
# on April 3, (one-time change).
+# From Gwillim Law (2001-02-20):
+# I came across a Chilean on-line newspaper, La Tercera. Its
+# <a href="http://www.tercera.cl/diario/1998/03/13/extras.html">
+# 1998-03-13 issue
+# </a>, says (my translation):
+# "At 24:00 (midnight) tomorrow (Saturday) - 22:00 in the insular
+# territory [Easter Island, Juan Fernandez, etc.] - winter time will
+# begin in the entire country."
+
+# From Paul Eggert (2001-02-21):
+# Assume this rule has been used since DST was introduced in the islands.
+
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Chile 1918 only - Sep 1 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Chile 1919 only - Jul 2 0:00 0 -
Rule Chile 1927 1931 - Sep 1 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Chile 1928 1932 - Apr 1 0:00 0 -
-Rule Chile 1969 1997 - Oct Sun>=9 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule Chile 1970 1998 - Mar Sun>=9 0:00 0 -
-Rule Chile 1998 only - Sep 27 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule Chile 1999 only - Apr 4 0:00 0 -
-Rule Chile 1999 max - Oct Sun>=9 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule Chile 2000 max - Mar Sun>=9 0:00 0 -
+Rule Chile 1969 1997 - Oct Sun>=9 4:00u 1:00 S
+Rule Chile 1970 1998 - Mar Sun>=9 3:00u 0 -
+Rule Chile 1998 only - Sep 27 4:00u 1:00 S
+Rule Chile 1999 only - Apr 4 3:00u 0 -
+Rule Chile 1999 max - Oct Sun>=9 4:00u 1:00 S
+Rule Chile 2000 max - Mar Sun>=9 3:00u 0 -
# IATA SSIM anomalies: (1990-09) says 1990-09-16; (1992-02) says 1992-03-14;
# (1996-09) says 1998-03-08. Ignore these.
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
@@ -555,6 +566,56 @@ Zone Pacific/Galapagos -5:58:24 - LMT 19
-6:00 - GALT # Galapagos Time
# Falklands
+
+# From Paul Eggert (2001-03-05):
+# Between 1990 and 2000 inclusive, Shanks and the IATA agree except
+# the IATA gives 1996-09-08. Go with Shanks.
+
+# From Falkland Islands Government Office, London (2001-01-22)
+# via Jesper Norgaard:
+# ... the clocks revert back to Local Mean Time at 2 am on Sunday 15
+# April 2001 and advance one hour to summer time at 2 am on Sunday 2
+# September. It is anticipated that the clocks will revert back at 2
+# am on Sunday 21 April 2002 and advance to summer time at 2 am on
+# Sunday 1 September.
+
+# From Rives McDow (2001-02-13):
+#
+# I have communicated several times with people there, and the last
+# time I had communications that was helpful was in 1998. Here is
+# what was said then:
+#
+# "The general rule was that Stanley used daylight saving and the Camp
+# did not. However for various reasons many people in the Camp have
+# started to use daylight saving (known locally as 'Stanley Time')
+# There is no rule as to who uses daylight saving - it is a matter of
+# personal choice and so it is impossible to draw a map showing who
+# uses it and who does not. Any list would be out of date as soon as
+# it was produced. This year daylight saving ended on April 18/19th
+# and started again on September 12/13th. I do not know what the rule
+# is, but can find out if you like. We do not change at the same time
+# as UK or Chile."
+#
+# I did have in my notes that the rule was "Second Saturday in Sep at
+# 0:00 until third Saturday in Apr at 0:00". I think that this does
+# not agree in some cases with Shanks; is this true?
+#
+# Also, there is no mention in the list that some areas in the
+# Falklands do not use DST. I have found in my communications there
+# that these areas are on the western half of East Falkland and all of
+# West Falkland. Stanley is the only place that consistently observes
+# DST. Again, as in other places in the world, the farmers don't like
+# it. West Falkland is almost entirely sheep farmers.
+#
+# I know one lady there that keeps a list of which farm keeps DST and
+# which doesn't each year. She runs a shop in Stanley, and says that
+# the list changes each year. She uses it to communicate to her
+# customers, catching them when they are home for lunch or dinner.
+
+# From Paul Eggert (2001-03-05):
+# For now, we'll just record the time in Stanley, since we have no
+# better info.
+
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Falk 1937 1938 - Sep lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Falk 1938 1942 - Mar Sun>=19 0:00 0 -
@@ -564,9 +625,10 @@ Rule Falk 1943 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 -
Rule Falk 1983 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Falk 1984 1985 - Apr lastSun 0:00 0 -
Rule Falk 1984 only - Sep 16 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule Falk 1985 1995 - Sep Sun>=9 0:00 1:00 S
-Rule Falk 1986 max - Apr Sun>=16 0:00 0 -
-Rule Falk 1996 max - Sep Sun>=8 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Falk 1985 2000 - Sep Sun>=9 0:00 1:00 S
+Rule Falk 1986 2000 - Apr Sun>=16 0:00 0 -
+Rule Falk 2001 max - Apr Sun>=15 2:00 0 -
+Rule Falk 2001 max - Sep Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Atlantic/Stanley -3:51:24 - LMT 1890
-3:51:24 - SMT 1912 Mar 12 # Stanley Mean Time
@@ -607,19 +669,32 @@ Rule Para 1993 only - Mar 31 0:00 0 -
Rule Para 1993 1995 - Oct 1 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Para 1994 1995 - Feb lastSun 0:00 0 -
Rule Para 1996 only - Mar 1 0:00 0 -
-# IATA SSIM (1997-09) says Mar 1; go with Shanks.
-Rule Para 1997 only - Feb lastSun 0:00 0 -
-Rule Para 1998 only - Mar 1 0:00 0 -
-Rule Para 1996 1998 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S
-# IATA SSIM (1999-02) says lastSat, not lastSun; (1999-09) reports no date;
-# go with Shanks.
-Rule Para 1999 max - Feb lastSun 0:00 0 -
-# IATA SSIM (2000-02) says 1999-10-10.
-Rule Para 1999 only - Oct 10 0:00 1:00 S
+# IATA SSIM (2000-02) says 1999-10-10; ignore this for now.
# From Steffen Thorsen (2000-10-02):
# I have three independent reports that Paraguay changed to DST this Sunday
# (10-01).
-Rule Para 2000 max - Oct Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S
+#
+# Translated by Gwillim Law (2001-02-27) from
+# <a href="http://www.diarionoticias.com.py/011000/nacional/naciona1.htm">
+# Noticias, a daily paper in Asuncion, Paraguay (2000-10-01)
+# </a>:
+# Starting at 0:00 today, the clock will be set forward 60 minutes, in
+# fulfillment of Decree No. 7,273 of the Executive Power.... The time change
+# system has been operating for several years. Formerly there was a separate
+# decree each year; the new law has the same effect, but permanently. Every
+# year, the time will change on the first Sunday of October; likewise, the
+# clock will be set back on the first Sunday of March.
+#
+# From Jesper Norgaard (2001-03-06) [an official URL saying similar things]:
+# http://gateway.abc.com.py:8000/pub/pag04.mbr/artic?FHA=2001-03-03-02.24.52.900592
+#
+Rule Para 1996 max - Oct Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S
+# IATA SSIM (1997-09) says Mar 1; go with Shanks.
+Rule Para 1997 only - Feb lastSun 0:00 0 -
+# Shanks says 1999-02-28; IATA SSIM (1999-02) says 1999-02-27, but
+# (1999-09) reports no date; go with above sources and Gerd Knops (2001-02-27).
+Rule Para 1998 max - Mar Sun>=1 0:00 0 -
+
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone America/Asuncion -3:50:40 - LMT 1890
-3:50:40 - AMT 1931 Oct 10 # Asuncion Mean Time
===================================================================
RCS file: RCS/systemv,v
retrieving revision 2000.8
retrieving revision 2000.8.0.1
diff -pu -r2000.8 -r2000.8.0.1
--- systemv 1993/11/22 20:23:15 2000.8
+++ systemv 2001/03/07 09:05:51 2000.8.0.1
@@ -4,32 +4,47 @@
# No attempt is made to handle Newfoundland, since it cannot be expressed
# using the System V "TZ" scheme (half-hour offset), or anything outside
# North America (no support for non-standard DST start/end dates), nor
-# the change in the DST rules in the US in 1987 (can't split between
-# Canada, with no changes, and the US)
+# the change in the DST rules in the US in 1987 (which occurred before
+# the old rules were written).
#
-# Be sure to compile this *without* leap second correction for true conformance.
+# If you need the old rules, uncomment ## lines and comment-out Link lines.
+# Compile this *without* leap second correction for true conformance.
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
-Rule SystemV min 1973 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
-Rule SystemV min 1973 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
-Rule SystemV 1974 only - Jan 6 2:00 1:00 D
-Rule SystemV 1974 only - Nov lastSun 2:00 0 S
-Rule SystemV 1975 only - Feb 23 2:00 1:00 D
-Rule SystemV 1975 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
-Rule SystemV 1976 max - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
-Rule SystemV 1976 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
+## Rule SystemV min 1973 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
+## Rule SystemV min 1973 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
+## Rule SystemV 1974 only - Jan 6 2:00 1:00 D
+## Rule SystemV 1974 only - Nov lastSun 2:00 0 S
+## Rule SystemV 1975 only - Feb 23 2:00 1:00 D
+## Rule SystemV 1975 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
+## Rule SystemV 1976 max - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
+## Rule SystemV 1976 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES/SAVE FORMAT [UNTIL]
-Zone SystemV/AST4ADT -4:00 SystemV A%sT
-Zone SystemV/EST5EDT -5:00 SystemV E%sT
-Zone SystemV/CST6CDT -6:00 SystemV C%sT
-Zone SystemV/MST7MDT -7:00 SystemV M%sT
-Zone SystemV/PST8PDT -8:00 SystemV P%sT
-Zone SystemV/YST9YDT -9:00 SystemV Y%sT
-Zone SystemV/AST4 -4:00 - AST
-Zone SystemV/EST5 -5:00 - EST
-Zone SystemV/CST6 -6:00 - CST
-Zone SystemV/MST7 -7:00 - MST
-Zone SystemV/PST8 -8:00 - PST
-Zone SystemV/YST9 -9:00 - YST
-Zone SystemV/HST10 -10:00 - HST
+## Zone SystemV/AST4ADT -4:00 SystemV A%sT
+## Zone SystemV/EST5EDT -5:00 SystemV E%sT
+## Zone SystemV/CST6CDT -6:00 SystemV C%sT
+## Zone SystemV/MST7MDT -7:00 SystemV M%sT
+## Zone SystemV/PST8PDT -8:00 SystemV P%sT
+## Zone SystemV/YST9YDT -9:00 SystemV Y%sT
+## Zone SystemV/AST4 -4:00 - AST
+## Zone SystemV/EST5 -5:00 - EST
+## Zone SystemV/CST6 -6:00 - CST
+## Zone SystemV/MST7 -7:00 - MST
+## Zone SystemV/PST8 -8:00 - PST
+## Zone SystemV/YST9 -9:00 - YST
+## Zone SystemV/HST10 -10:00 - HST
+# For now...
+Link America/Halifax SystemV/AST4ADT
+Link America/New_York SystemV/EST5EDT
+Link America/Chicago SystemV/CST6CDT
+Link America/Denver SystemV/MST7MDT
+Link America/Los_Angeles SystemV/PST8PDT
+Link America/Anchorage SystemV/YST9YDT
+Link America/Puerto_Rico SystemV/AST4
+Link America/Indianapolis SystemV/EST5
+Link America/Regina SystemV/CST6
+Link America/Phoenix SystemV/MST7
+Link Pacific/Pitcairn SystemV/PST8
+Link Pacific/Gambier SystemV/YST9
+Link Pacific/Honolulu SystemV/HST10
===================================================================
RCS file: RCS/Theory,v
retrieving revision 2000.7
retrieving revision 2000.7.0.1
diff -pu -r2000.7 -r2000.7.0.1
--- Theory 2000/10/10 15:35:08 2000.7
+++ Theory 2001/03/07 09:05:51 2000.7.0.1
@@ -194,9 +194,13 @@ and `Pacific/Honolulu'.
Here are the general rules used for choosing location names,
in decreasing order of importance:
- Use only valid Posix file names. Use only Ascii letters, digits, `.',
- `-' and `_'. Do not exceed 14 characters or start with `-'.
- E.g. prefer `Brunei' to `Bandar_Seri_Begawan'.
+ Use only valid POSIX file name components (i.e., the parts of
+ names other than `/'). Within a file name component,
+ use only ASCII letters, `.', `-' and `_'. Do not use
+ digits, as that might create an ambiguity with POSIX
+ TZ strings. A file name component must not exceed 14
+ characters or start with `-'. E.g., prefer `Brunei'
+ to `Bandar_Seri_Begawan'.
Include at least one location per time zone rule set per country.
One such location is enough. Use ISO 3166 (see the file
iso3166.tab) to help decide whether something is a country.
@@ -211,9 +215,9 @@ in decreasing order of importance:
or regions, so that any future time zone changes do not split
locations into different time zones. E.g. prefer `Paris'
to `France', since France has had multiple time zones.
- Use traditional English spelling, e.g. prefer `Rome' to `Roma', and
+ Use mainstream English spelling, e.g. prefer `Rome' to `Roma', and
prefer `Athens' to the true name (which uses Greek letters).
- The Posix file name restrictions encourage this rule.
+ The POSIX file name restrictions encourage this rule.
Use the most populous among locations in a country's time zone,
e.g. prefer `Shanghai' to `Beijing'. Among locations with
similar populations, pick the best-known location,
@@ -253,25 +257,39 @@ like `EST' to be compatible with human t
Here are the general rules used for choosing time zone abbreviations,
in decreasing order of importance:
- Use abbreviations that consist of 3 or more upper-case Ascii letters,
- except use "___" for locations while uninhabited.
- Posix.1 requires at least 3 characters, and the restriction to
- upper-case Ascii letters follows most traditions.
+ Use abbreviations that consist of three or more ASCII letters.
Previous editions of this database also used characters like
' ' and '?', but these characters have a special meaning to
the shell and cause commands like
set `date`
- to have unexpected effects. In theory, the character set could
- be !%./@A-Z^_a-z{}, but these tables use only upper-case
- Ascii letters (and "___").
+ to have unexpected effects.
+ Previous editions of this rule required upper-case letters,
+ but the Congressman who introduced Chamorro Standard Time
+ preferred "ChST", so the rule has been relaxed.
+
+ This rule guarantees that all abbreviations could have
+ been specified by a POSIX.1 TZ string. POSIX.1
+ requires at least three characters for an
+ abbreviation. POSIX.1-1996 says that an abbreviation
+ cannot start with ':', and cannot contain ',', '-',
+ '+', NUL, or a digit. Draft 5 of POSIX 1003.1-200x
+ changes this rule to say that an abbreviation can
+ contain only '-', '+', and alphanumeric characters in
+ the current locale. To be portable to both sets of
+ rules, an abbreviation must therefore use only ASCII
+ letters, as these are the only letters that are
+ alphabetic in all locales.
+
Use abbreviations that are in common use among English-speakers,
e.g. `EST' for Eastern Standard Time in North America.
We assume that applications translate them to other languages
as part of the normal localization process; for example,
a French application might translate `EST' to `HNE'.
+
For zones whose times are taken from a city's longitude, use the
traditional xMT notation, e.g. `PMT' for Paris Mean Time.
The only name like this in current use is `GMT'.
+
If there is no common English abbreviation, abbreviate the English
translation of the usual phrase used by native speakers.
If this is not available or is a phrase mentioning the country
@@ -286,6 +304,9 @@ in decreasing order of importance:
and then append `T', `ST', etc. as before;
e.g. `VLAST' for VLAdivostok Summer Time.
+ Use "zzz" for locations while uninhabited. The mnemonic is that
+ these locations are, in some sense, asleep.
+
Application writers should note that these abbreviations are ambiguous
in practice: e.g. `EST' has a different meaning in Australia than
it does in the United States. In new applications, it's often better
===================================================================
RCS file: RCS/tz-link.htm,v
retrieving revision 2000.8
retrieving revision 2000.8.0.1
diff -pu -r2000.8 -r2000.8.0.1
--- tz-link.htm 2000/12/14 20:33:37 2000.8
+++ tz-link.htm 2001/03/07 09:05:51 2000.8.0.1
@@ -34,7 +34,17 @@ It is updated periodically to reflect ch
to UTC offsets and daylight-saving rules.
This database (often called <samp>tz</samp> or <samp>zoneinfo</samp>)
is used by several implementations,
-including BSD, DJGPP, GNU/Linux, HP-UX, IRIX, Solaris, and UnixWare.
+including
+<a href="http://www.linux.org/">GNU/Linux</a>,
+<a href="http://www.freebsd.org/">FreeBSD</a>,
+<a href="http://www.netbsd.org/">NetBSD</a>,
+<a href="http://www.openbsd.org/">OpenBSD</a>,
+<a href="http://www.delorie.com/djgpp/">DJGPP</a>,
+<a href="http://unix.hp.com/operating/">HP-UX</a>,
+<a href="http://www.sgi.com/developers/technology/irix.html">IRIX</a>,
+<a href="http://www.sco.com/products/openserver/">SCO OpenServer</a>,
+<a href="http://www.sun.com/solaris/">Solaris</a>, and
+<a href="http://www.sco.com/unixware/">UnixWare</a>.
In the <samp>tz</samp> database's
<a href="ftp://elsie.nci.nih.gov/pub/">FTP distribution</a>,
the code is in the file <samp>tzcode<var>C</var>.tar.gz</samp>,
@@ -107,9 +117,9 @@ Microsoft Windows 95/98/NT4 program.</li
<h2>Other time zone databases</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="http://www.astro.ch/cgi-bin/atlw3/aq.cgi?lang=e">Astrodienst
-Online - Atlas Query</a> is Astrodienst's Web version of Shanks's
+- Atlas Query</a> is Astrodienst's Web version of Shanks's
excellent time zone history atlases published in both <a
-href="http://astrocom.com/software/ACS_PC_Atlas.htm">computer</a> and <a
+href="http://astrocom.com/software/pcatlas.html">computer</a> and <a
href="http://astrocom.com/books/xrefa.htm#SHANKS">book</a> form by <a
href="http://astrocom.com/">Astro Communications Services</a>.</li>
<li><a href="http://worldtime.com/">WORLDTIME: interactive atlas,
@@ -120,23 +130,22 @@ and public holidays in several hundred c
contains data from the Time Service Department of the US Naval Observatory
(USNO), used as the source
for the <samp>usno*</samp> files in the <samp>tz</samp> distribution.</li>
-<li>The USNO Astronomical Applications Department publishes answers to
-<a href="http://aa.usno.navy.mil/AA/faq/">Frequently Asked Questions</a>
-about time zones and daylight saving time.</li>
<li>The <a href="http://www.iata.org/">International
Air Transport Association</a>
-publishes the IATA Standard Schedules Information Manual (SSIM),
+publishes the <a href="http://www.iata.org/sked/ssim.htm">Standard
+Schedules Information Manual</a>,
which gives current time zone rules for
all the airports served by commercial aviation.</li>
</ul>
<h2>Maps</h2>
<ul>
-<li>The United States Central Intelligence Agency publishes a <a
+<li>The <a href="http://www.odci.gov/">United States Central
+Intelligence Agency (CIA)</a> publishes a <a
href="http://www.odci.gov/cia/publications/factbook/reference/Low%20res%20PDF/low802700.pdf">time
zone map</a>; the
<a href="http://www.lib.utexas.edu/Libs/PCL/Map_collection/world_maps.html">
Perry-Castañeda Library Map Collection</a>
-of the University of Texas at Austin has on-line copies of
+of the University of Texas at Austin has copies of
recent editions.
The pictorial quality is good,
but the maps do not indicate summer time,
@@ -145,11 +154,28 @@ and parts of the data are a few years ou
current time</a>
has several fancy time zone maps; it covers Russia particularly well.
The maps' pictorial quality is not quite as good as the CIA's
-and (as usual with maps) the maps are not quite up to date.</li>
+but the maps are more up to date.</li>
<li><a href="http://www.worldtimeserver.com/">World Time Server</a>
has a separate little outline map for each region of each country that
currently observes a different time.</li>
</ul>
+<h2>Time zone boundaries</h2>
+<ul>
+<li>Manifold.net's <a
+href="http://www.manifold.net/download/freemaps.html">Free Maps and
+GIS Data</a> includes a Manifold-format map of world time zone
+boundaries distributed under the <a
+href="http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/gpl.html">GNU General Public License
+(GPL)</a>. The GeoCommunity's <a
+href="http://software.geocomm.com/data/intl_timezones.html">International
+Time Zones</a> publishes the same data in other formats.</li>
+<li>The US Geological Survey's National Atlas of the United States
+publishes the <a href="http://www.nationalatlas.gov/timeznm.html">Time
+Zones of the United States</a> in the public domain.</li>
+<li>The GeoCommunity lists several commercial sources for <a
+href="http://spatialnews.geocomm.com/features/timezones/">International
+Time Zones and Time Zone Data</a>.</li>
+</ul>
<h2>Daylight saving time concepts and history</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="http://webexhibits.com/daylightsaving/">About Daylight
@@ -173,13 +199,18 @@ records <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/De
hreflang="pt-BR">Brazil's daylight saving time decrees (in
Portuguese)</a>.</dd>
<dt>Germany</dt>
-<dd>The National Institute for Science and Technology maintains <a
-href="http://www.ptb.de/english/org/4/43/432/lega.htm">a history of
-German legal time</a>.</dd>
+<dd>The National Institute for Science and Technology maintains the <a
+href="http://www.ptb.de/english/org/4/43/432/lega.htm">Realisation of
+Legal Time in Germany</a>.</dd>
<dt>Israel</dt>
<dd>The Ministry of Interior periodically issues <a
href="ftp://ftp.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements"
hreflang="he">announcements (in Hebrew)</a>.</dd>
+<dt>Mexico</dt>
+<dd>The Investigation and Analysis Service of the Mexican Library of
+Congress has published a <a
+href="http://www.cddhcu.gob.mx/bibliot/publica/inveyana/polisoc/horver/"
+hreflang="es">history of Mexican local time (in Spanish)</a>.</dd>
<dt>United Kingdom</dt>
<dd><a
href="http://student.cusu.cam.ac.uk/~jsm28/british-time/">History of
@@ -189,6 +220,10 @@ with perhaps the best-documented history
</ul>
<h2>Precision timekeeping</h2>
<ul>
+<li><a
+href="http://literature.agilent.com/litwebbin/purl.cgi?org_id=tmo&pub_id=5965-7984E">The
+Science of Timekeeping</a> is an excellent and thorough introduction
+to the theory and practice of precision timekeeping.</li>
<li><a href="http://www.eecis.udel.edu/~ntp/">Time Server</a> discusses
the Network Time Protocol (NTP), used to synchronize clocks of
Internet hosts.</li>
@@ -199,8 +234,8 @@ answers questions like "What is the diff
href="http://sadira.gb.nrao.edu/~rfisher/Ephemerides/times.html">Astronomical
Times</a> explains more abstruse astronomical time scales like TT, TCG,
and TDB.</li>
-<li><a href="http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/basics/bsf2-3.htm">Earth
-and Its Reference Systems</a>
+<li><a href="http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/basics/bsf2-3.htm">Basics of
+Space Flight - Reference Systems - Time Conventions</a>
briefly explains interplanetary space flight timekeeping.</li>
<li><a href="http://hpiers.obspm.fr/webiers/results/bul/README.html">Bulletins
of IERS</a> contains official publications of the
@@ -209,11 +244,12 @@ when leap seconds occur.</li>
<li>The <a
href="http://clockdev.usno.navy.mil/archives/leapsecs.html">Leap
Second Discussion List</a> covers <a
-href="http://www.gisdevelopment.net/reference/scie/s_t_41_50.htm#47">McCarthy
-and Klepczynski's proposal to remove leap seconds</a>, currently
-being studied by a <a
-href="http://www.intec.rug.ac.be/Research/Projects/ursi/Commissions.html">URSI
-Commission J</a> working group, and the <a href="http://www.iau.org/">IAU</a>
+href="http://clockdev.usno.navy.mil/cgi-bin/wa.exe?A3=ind00&L=leapsecs&P=28537&E=2&B=------_=_NextPart_000_01C0781C.F015C5B0&N=GPS-Nov99_Innov.pdf&T=application/octet-stream">McCarthy
+and Klepczynski's proposal to remove leap seconds</a>
+(which requires discussion list membership to read).
+This proposal is being studied by the URSI Commission J <a
+href="http://space.mit.edu/URSI/leapsecond.html">Working Group on the
+Leap Second</a>, and the <a href="http://www.iau.org/">IAU</a>
has plans to report on this proposal by 2003.</li>
</ul>
<h2>Time notation</h2>
===================================================================
RCS file: RCS/zdump.c,v
retrieving revision 1999.1
retrieving revision 1999.1.0.1
diff -pu -r1999.1 -r1999.1.0.1
--- zdump.c 1999/01/19 21:20:08 1999.1
+++ zdump.c 2001/03/07 09:05:51 1999.1.0.1
@@ -263,9 +263,8 @@ _("%s: usage is %s [ -v ] [ -c cutoff ]
show(argv[i], t, TRUE);
}
if (fflush(stdout) || ferror(stdout)) {
- (void) fprintf(stderr, _("%s: Error writing "),
- argv[0]);
- (void) perror(_("standard output"));
+ (void) fprintf(stderr, "%s: ", argv[0]);
+ (void) perror(_("Error writing standard output"));
(void) exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
===================================================================
RCS file: RCS/zone.tab,v
retrieving revision 2000.8
retrieving revision 2000.8.0.1
diff -pu -r2000.8 -r2000.8.0.1
--- zone.tab 2000/12/14 20:33:34 2000.8
+++ zone.tab 2001/03/07 09:05:51 2000.8.0.1
@@ -37,6 +37,7 @@ AQ -6448-06406 Antarctica/Palmer Palmer
AQ -6736+06253 Antarctica/Mawson Mawson Station, Holme Bay
AQ -6835+07758 Antarctica/Davis Davis Station, Vestfold Hills
AQ -6617+11031 Antarctica/Casey Casey Station, Bailey Peninsula
+AQ -7824+10654 Antarctica/Vostok Vostok Station, S Magnetic Pole
AQ -6640+14001 Antarctica/DumontDUrville Dumont-d'Urville Base, Terre Adelie
AQ -690022+0393524 Antarctica/Syowa Syowa Station, E Ongul I
AR -3436-05827 America/Buenos_Aires E Argentina (BA, DF, SC, TF)
@@ -51,7 +52,7 @@ AU -3133+15905 Australia/Lord_Howe Lord
AU -4253+14719 Australia/Hobart Tasmania
AU -3749+14458 Australia/Melbourne Victoria
AU -3352+15113 Australia/Sydney New South Wales - most locations
-AU -3157+14127 Australia/Broken_Hill New South Wales - Broken Hill
+AU -3157+14127 Australia/Broken_Hill New South Wales - Yancowinna
AU -2728+15302 Australia/Brisbane Queensland - most locations
AU -2016+14900 Australia/Lindeman Queensland - Holiday Islands
AU -3455+13835 Australia/Adelaide South Australia
@@ -83,7 +84,7 @@ BR -0846-06354 America/Porto_Velho W Par
BR +0249-06040 America/Boa_Vista Roraima
BR -0308-06001 America/Manaus E Amazonas
BR -0640-06952 America/Eirunepe W Amazonas
-BR -0934-06731 America/Porto_Acre Acre
+BR -0958-06748 America/Rio_Branco Acre
BS +2505-07721 America/Nassau
BT +2728+08939 Asia/Thimphu
BW -2545+02555 Africa/Gaborone
@@ -227,8 +228,7 @@ LV +5657+02406 Europe/Riga
LY +3254+01311 Africa/Tripoli
MA +3339-00735 Africa/Casablanca
MC +4342+00723 Europe/Monaco
-MD +4700+02850 Europe/Chisinau most locations
-MD +4651+02938 Europe/Tiraspol Transdniestria
+MD +4700+02850 Europe/Chisinau
MG -1855+04731 Indian/Antananarivo
MH +0709+17112 Pacific/Majuro most locations
MH +0905+16720 Pacific/Kwajalein Kwajalein
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