proposed tz changes for Lithuania, Tonga, Pakistan, Rothera, etc.

Paul Eggert eggert at twinsun.com
Fri Mar 14 04:58:19 UTC 2003


Spring is coming, so it must be time for a tz update.  The patch enclosed below proposes the following changes.  Lithuania is perhaps the most urgent case, as it changes its DST rules in a couple of weeks or so.

Changes in the tz data proper:

 * Lithuania (Europe/Riga) will observe EU-style daylight-saving in
   2003.  Thanks to Klaus Marten for forwarding this info.

 * Tonga (Pacific/Tongatapu) stopped observing DST in January 2002.
   Thanks to Pulu 'Anau for this info.

 * Pakistan (Asia/Karachi) ends DST at the end of the first Saturday in
   October, not on October 15.  Also, add 1 minute to the transition
   times, so they actually occur at 00:01 the next day.  Thanks to
   Rives McDow for this info.

 * A new zone Antarctica/Rothera for Rothera Station, Antarctica.

 * Use the BEV for historical daylight-saving transitions
   for Europe/Vienna, applying the following corrections:
     Change 1918-06-16 to 1918-09-16.
     Change 1945-11-18 to 1945-04-12.
     Add transitions 1980-04-06 00:00 and 1980-09-28 00:00.
   Thanks to Janko Stamenovic for pointing out the BEV.

 * The PTB has come round to Shanks's opinions about double-daylight
   saving time for Europe/Berlin in 1945, so switch to Shanks.
   This changes the transition times from 05-31 03:00 to 05-24 02:00
   and from 09-23 03:00 to 09-24 03:00.  Thanks to Joerg Schilling
   for prompting me to look into this.

 * For Arizona/Phoenix, correct the date of the 1944 transition from
   03-17 to 04-01.  This correction comes from the Arizona State
   Library, Archives and Public Records.

 * The New Zealand Dept of Internal Affairs says that standard time was
   introduced in New Zealand on 1868-11-02; change to this date from
   Shanks's presumably-vaguer 1868-01-01.

Changes in the auxiliary tables:

 * Yugoslavia has changed its name to Serbia and Montenegro.
   This does not affect the substance of the TZ tables, but it
   does change some commentary and a label in zone.tab.  The ISO 3166
   maintenance agency plans to determine a suitable country code,
   but this process has not been done yet, so we'll continue to
   use YU for the country code.

Changes in commentary:

 * Thanks to Igor Karpov, a comment now records the official document
   number for daylight-saving in Ukraine.

 * Add a comment noting that our historic data for Chile disagrees with
   that of Chile's Hydrographic and Oceanographic Service, but we
   haven't had time to resolve the discrepancies.

 * Add more details in the comments about current US time zone boundaries.

 * It was Robert St John, not Bob Trout, who first reported the United
   States' transition from War Time to Peace Time on 1945-08-14.

Changes in the tz-link.htm web page:

 * Put national histories of time zones in their own section.

 * Add URLs for Cygwin, RDF-based time zone representation, XCal, Sosigenes,
   Java, Python, Keim's new binary time zone file reader, Law's time
   zone concepts web page, and Google's index.

 * Remove URLs to obsolete web sites Timezone Converter (killed by changes
   to Perl), iCS (now Sun ONE).

 * Update URLs for IRIX, UnixWare.

===================================================================
RCS file: RCS/antarctica,v
retrieving revision 2001.3
retrieving revision 2001.3.0.1
diff -pu -r2001.3 -r2001.3.0.1
--- antarctica	2001/06/05 17:48:22	2001.3
+++ antarctica	2003/03/14 04:28:08	2001.3.0.1
@@ -255,6 +255,13 @@ Zone Antarctica/Vostok	0	-	zzz	1957 Dec 
 #	Halley is on a moving ice shelf and is periodically relocated
 #	so that it is never more than 10km from its nominal location.
 # Rothera, Adelaide Island, -6734-6808, since 1976-12-01
+#
+# From Paul Eggert (2002-10-22)
+# <http://webexhibits.org/daylightsaving/g.html> says Rothera is -03 
+all year. #
+# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
+Zone Antarctica/Rothera	0	-	zzz	1976 Dec  1
+			-3:00	-	ROTT	# Rothera time
 
 # Uruguay - year round base
 # Artigas, King George Island, -621104-0585107 ===================================================================
RCS file: RCS/asia,v
retrieving revision 2002.4
retrieving revision 2002.4.0.1
diff -pu -r2002.4 -r2002.4.0.1
--- asia	2002/10/15 16:59:28	2002.4
+++ asia	2003/03/14 04:28:08	2002.4.0.1
@@ -748,7 +748,7 @@ Zone	Asia/Jerusalem	2:20:56 -	LMT	1880
 # bill have until July 24 to pass.
 #
 # (2002-07-25):
-# Thanks go to Yitschak Goldberg from E&M for bringing this (Hebrew) article 
+# Thanks go to Yitschak Goldberg from E&M for bringing this (Hebrew) 
+article
 # to my attention:
 #
 #	http://www.ynet.co.il/articles/0,7340,L-2019315,00.html
@@ -878,7 +878,7 @@ Zone	Asia/Amman	2:23:44 -	LMT	1931
 # - Kazakhstan did not observe DST in 1991.
 # - Qyzylorda switched from +5:00 to +6:00 on 1992-01-19 02:00.  # - Oral switched from +5:00 to +4:00 in spring 1989. -# 
+#
 #
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 #
@@ -1154,9 +1154,13 @@ Zone	Asia/Muscat	3:54:20 -	LMT	1920
 # and Sunday of April" phrase, if taken literally, means that the  # transition takes place at 00:00 on the first Sunday on or after 04-02.
 
+# From Paul Eggert (2003-02-09):
+# DAWN <http://www.dawn.com/2002/10/06/top13.htm> reported on 
+2002-10-05 # that 2002 DST ended that day at midnight.  Go with McDow 
+for now.
+
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
-Rule Pakistan	2002	max	-	Apr	Sun>=2	0:00	1:00	S
-Rule Pakistan	2002	max	-	Oct	15	0:00	0	-
+Rule Pakistan	2002	max	-	Apr	Sun>=2	0:01	1:00	S
+Rule Pakistan	2002	max	-	Oct	Sun>=2	0:01	0	-
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Asia/Karachi	4:28:12 -	LMT	1907
 			5:30	-	IST	1942 Sep
===================================================================
RCS file: RCS/australasia,v
retrieving revision 2002.4
retrieving revision 2002.4.0.1
diff -pu -r2002.4 -r2002.4.0.1
--- australasia	2002/10/15 16:59:28	2002.4
+++ australasia	2003/03/14 04:28:08	2002.4.0.1
@@ -297,6 +297,17 @@ Zone	Pacific/Noumea	11:05:48 -	LMT	1912 
 ###############################################################################
 
 # New Zealand
+#
+# From Paul Eggert (2002-10-23):
+# The Department of Internal Affairs (DIA) maintains a brief history; # 
+see tz-link.htm for the full reference. #
+# Shanks gives 1868 for the introduction of standard time; go with the
+# DIA's more-precise 1868-11-02.  The DIA says that clocks were
+# advanced by half an hour in 1941; go with Shanks's more-precise
+# 1940-09-29 02:00.  The DIA says that starting in 1933 DST began the
+# first Sunday in September; go with Shanks's last Sunday starting in
+# 1934.
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 # Shanks gives 1927 Nov 6 - 1928 Mar 4, 1928 Oct 14 - 1929 Mar 17,
@@ -311,17 +322,17 @@ Rule	NZ	1930	1933	-	Oct	Sun>=8	2:00	0:30
 # didn't change until 1945 Apr 30; go with Shanks.
 Rule	NZ	1934	1940	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	0	S
 Rule	NZ	1934	1939	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0:30	HD
-Rule	NZ	1974	only	-	Nov	 3	2:00s	1:00	D
+Rule	NZ	1974	only	-	Nov	Sun>=1	2:00s	1:00	D
+Rule	NZ	1975	only	-	Feb	lastSun	2:00s	0	S
 Rule	NZ	1975	1988	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	D
-Rule	NZ	1989	only	-	Oct	 8	2:00s	1:00	D
-Rule	NZ	1990	max	-	Oct	Sun>=1	2:00s	1:00	D
-Rule	NZ	1975	only	-	Feb	23	2:00s	0	S
 Rule	NZ	1976	1989	-	Mar	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	S
+Rule	NZ	1989	only	-	Oct	Sun>=8	2:00s	1:00	D
+Rule	NZ	1990	max	-	Oct	Sun>=1	2:00s	1:00	D
 Rule	NZ	1990	max	-	Mar	Sun>=15	2:00s	0	S
 Rule	Chatham	1990	max	-	Oct	Sun>=1	2:45s	1:00	D
 Rule	Chatham	1991	max	-	Mar	Sun>=15	2:45s	0	S
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone Pacific/Auckland	11:39:04 -	LMT	1868
+Zone Pacific/Auckland	11:39:04 -	LMT	1868 Nov  2
 			11:30	NZ	NZ%sT	1940 Sep 29 2:00
 			12:00	NZ	NZ%sT
 Zone Pacific/Chatham	12:45	Chatham	CHA%sT
@@ -399,8 +410,8 @@ Zone	Pacific/Fakaofo	-11:24:56 -	LMT	190
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Tonga	1999	only	-	Oct	 7	2:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Tonga	2000	only	-	Mar	19	2:00s	0	-
-Rule	Tonga	2000	max	-	Nov	Sun>=1	2:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Tonga	2001	max	-	Jan	lastSun	2:00	0	-
+Rule	Tonga	2000	2001	-	Nov	Sun>=1	2:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Tonga	2001	2002	-	Jan	lastSun	2:00	0	-
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Pacific/Tongatapu	12:19:20 -	LMT	1901
 			12:20	-	TOT	1941 # Tonga Time
@@ -739,21 +750,21 @@ Zone	Pacific/Wallis	12:15:20 -	LMT	1901
 # The chosen rules the union of the 1971/1972 change and the 1989-1992 changes.
 
 # From Rives McDow (2002-04-09):
-# The most interesting region I have found consists of three towns on the 
-# southern coast of Australia, population 10 at last report, along with 
-# 50,000 sheep, about 100 kilometers long and 40 kilometers into the 
-# continent.  The primary town is Madura, with the other towns being 
-# Mundrabilla and Eucla.  According to the sheriff of Madura, the 
-# residents got tired of having to change the time so often, as they are 
-# located in a strip overlapping the border of South Australia and Western 
-# Australia.  South Australia observes daylight saving time; Western 
-# Australia does not.  The two states are one and a half hours apart.  The 
-# residents decided to forget about this nonsense of changing the clock so 
-# much and set the local time 20 hours and 45 minutes from the 
-# international date line, or right in the middle of the time of South 
-# Australia and Western Australia.  As it only affects about 10 people and 
-# tourists staying at the Madura Motel, it has never really made as big an 
-# impact as Broken Hill.  However, as tourist visiting there or anyone 
+# The most interesting region I have found consists of three towns on 
+the # southern coast of Australia, population 10 at last report, along 
+with # 50,000 sheep, about 100 kilometers long and 40 kilometers into 
+the # continent.  The primary town is Madura, with the other towns 
+being # Mundrabilla and Eucla.  According to the sheriff of Madura, the 
+# residents got tired of having to change the time so often, as they 
+are # located in a strip overlapping the border of South Australia and 
+Western # Australia.  South Australia observes daylight saving time; 
+Western # Australia does not.  The two states are one and a half hours 
+apart.  The # residents decided to forget about this nonsense of 
+changing the clock so # much and set the local time 20 hours and 45 
+minutes from the # international date line, or right in the middle of 
+the time of South # Australia and Western Australia.  As it only 
+affects about 10 people and # tourists staying at the Madura Motel, it 
+has never really made as big an # impact as Broken Hill.  However, as 
+tourist visiting there or anyone
 # calling the local sheriff will attest, they do keep time in this way.  #  # From Paul Eggert (2002-04-09):
@@ -1263,6 +1274,8 @@ Zone	Pacific/Wallis	12:15:20 -	LMT	1901
 # of January the standard time in the Kingdom shall be moved backward by one  # hour to 1:00am.
 
+# From Pulu 'Anau (2002-11-05):
+# The law was for 3 years, supposedly to get renewed.  It wasn't.
 
 ###############################################################################
 
===================================================================
RCS file: RCS/europe,v
retrieving revision 2002.3
retrieving revision 2002.3.0.1
diff -pu -r2002.3 -r2002.3.0.1
--- europe	2002/04/04 16:55:19	2002.3
+++ europe	2003/03/14 04:28:08	2002.3.0.1
@@ -33,20 +33,20 @@
 # I invented the abbreviations marked `*' in the following table;  # the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources.  # Corrections are welcome!
-#		std dst
-#		LMT	Local Mean Time
-#	-4:00	AST	Atlantic
-#	-3:00	WGT WGST Western Greenland*
-#	-1:00	EGT EGST Eastern Greenland*
-#	 0:00	GMT BST Greenwich, British Summer
-#	 0:00	GMT IST Greenwich, Irish Summer
-#	 0:00	WET WEST Western Europe
-#	 0:19:32 AMT NST Amsterdam, Netherlands Summer (1835-1937)*
-#	 0:20	NET NEST Netherlands (1937-1940)*
-#	 1:00	CET CEST Central Europe
-#	 1:00:14 SET	 Swedish (1879-1899)*
-#	 2:00	EET EEST Eastern Europe
-#	 3:00	MSK MSD	Moscow
+#                   std dst  2dst
+#                   LMT           Local Mean Time
+#       -4:00       AST ADT       Atlantic
+#       -3:00       WGT WGST      Western Greenland*
+#       -1:00       EGT EGST      Eastern Greenland*
+#        0:00       GMT BST  BDST Greenwich, British Summer
+#        0:00       GMT IST       Greenwich, Irish Summer
+#        0:00       WET WEST WEMT Western Europe
+#        0:19:32.13 AMT NST       Amsterdam, Netherlands Summer (1835-1937)*
+#        0:20       NET NEST      Netherlands (1937-1940)*
+#        1:00       CET CEST CEMT Central Europe
+#        1:00:14    SET           Swedish (1879-1899)*
+#        2:00       EET EEST      Eastern Europe
+#        3:00       MSK MSD       Moscow
 #
 # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones, especially in Britain,  # Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
@@ -558,20 +558,30 @@ Zone	Europe/Andorra	0:06:04 -	LMT	1901
 			1:00	EU	CE%sT
 
 # Austria
+
+# From Paul Eggert (2003-02-28): Shanks gives 1918-06-16 and
+# 1945-11-18, but the Austrian Federal Office of Metrology and # 
+Surveying (BEV) gives 1918-09-16 and for Vienna gives the "alleged" # 
+date of 1945-04-12 with no time.  For the 1980-04-06 transition # 
+Shanks gives 02:00, the BEV 00:00.  Go with the BEV, and guess 02:00 # 
+for 1945-04-12.
+
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Austria	1920	only	-	Apr	 5	2:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Austria	1920	only	-	Sep	13	2:00s	0	-
-Rule	Austria	1945	only	-	Apr	 2	2:00s	1:00	S
-Rule	Austria	1945	only	-	Nov	18	2:00s	0	-
 Rule	Austria	1946	only	-	Apr	14	2:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Austria	1946	1948	-	Oct	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	-
 Rule	Austria	1947	only	-	Apr	 6	2:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Austria	1948	only	-	Apr	18	2:00s	1:00	S
+Rule	Austria	1980	only	-	Apr	 6	0:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Austria	1980	only	-	Sep	28	0:00	0	-
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Europe/Vienna	1:05:20 -	LMT	1893 Apr
-			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1918 Jun 16 3:00
-			1:00	Austria	CE%sT	1940 Apr  1 2:00
-			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1945 Apr  2 2:00
+			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1920
+			1:00	Austria	CE%sT	1940 Apr  1 2:00s
+			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1945 Apr  2 2:00s
+			1:00	1:00	CEST	1945 Apr 12 2:00s
+			1:00	-	CET	1946
 			1:00	Austria	CE%sT	1981
 			1:00	EU	CE%sT
 
@@ -654,7 +664,7 @@ Zone	Europe/Brussels	0:17:30 -	LMT	1880
 			1:00	EU	CE%sT
 
 # Bosnia and Herzegovina
-# see Yugoslavia
+# see Serbia and Montenegro
 
 # Bulgaria
 #
@@ -681,7 +691,7 @@ Zone	Europe/Sofia	1:33:16 -	LMT	1880
 			2:00	EU	EE%sT
 
 # Croatia
-# see Yugosloavia
+# see Serbia and Montenegro
 
 # Czech Republic
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
@@ -750,7 +760,7 @@ Zone Atlantic/Faeroe	-0:27:04 -	LMT	1908
 # introduced.
 
 # From Rives McDow (2001-11-01):
-# 
+#
 # I correspond regularly with the Dansk Polarcenter, and wrote them at  # the time to clarify the situation in Thule.  Unfortunately, I have  # not heard back from them regarding my recent letter.  [But I have
@@ -991,25 +1001,29 @@ Zone	Europe/Paris	0:09:21 -	LMT	1891 Mar
 # From Markus Kuhn <Markus.Kuhn at cl.cam.ac.uk> (1998-09-29):
 # The German time zone web site by the Physikalisch-Technische  # Bundesanstalt contains DST information back to 1916. -#
-#	<a href="http://www.ptb.de/english/org/4/43/432/lega.htm">
-#	Realisation of Legal Time in Germany
-#	</a>
+# [See tz-link.htm for the URL.]
+
+# From Joerg Schilling (2002-10-23):
+# In 1945, Berlin was switched to Moscow Summer time (GMT+4) by <a # 
+href="http://www.dhm.de/lemo/html/biografien/BersarinNikolai/">
+# General [Nikolai] Bersarin</a>.
+
+# From Paul Eggert (2003-03-08):
+# <a 
+href="http://www.parlament-berlin.de/pds-fraktion.nsf/727459127c8b66ee8525662300459099/defc77cb784f180ac1256c2b0030274b/$FILE/bersarint.pdf">
+# says that Bersarin issued an order to use Moscow time on May 20.
+# However, Moscow did not observe daylight saving in 1945, so
+# this was equivalent to CEMT (GMT+3), not GMT+4.
+
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Germany	1945	only	-	Apr	 2	2:00s	1:00	S
-# Shanks says 05-24 2:00 to 09-24 3:00 for DDST; go with the PTB, who quotes -# the Archiv fuer publizist. Arbeit (Munzinger-Archiv) 652 (Zeitsystem) -# (1961-11-25), which gives dates only.  Guess 3:00 transition times.
-Rule	Germany	1945	only	-	May	31	3:00	2:00	M # Midsummer
-Rule	Germany	1945	only	-	Sep	23	3:00	1:00	S
+Rule	Germany	1945	only	-	May	24	2:00	2:00	M # Midsummer
+Rule	Germany	1945	only	-	Sep	24	3:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Germany	1945	only	-	Nov	18	2:00s	0	-
 Rule	Germany	1946	only	-	Apr	14	2:00s	1:00	S
 Rule	Germany	1946	only	-	Oct	 7	2:00s	0	-
 Rule	Germany	1947	1949	-	Oct	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	-
 Rule	Germany	1947	only	-	Apr	 6	2:00s	1:00	S
-# The PTB gives 3:00 CET and 3:00 CEST for the midsummer transition times; -# go with Shanks.
 Rule	Germany	1947	only	-	May	11	2:00s	2:00	M
 Rule	Germany	1947	only	-	Jun	29	3:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Germany	1948	only	-	Apr	18	2:00s	1:00	S
@@ -1341,6 +1355,15 @@ Zone	Europe/Vaduz	0:38:04 -	LMT	1894 Jun
 # Fact File, Lithuanian State Department of Tourism
 # </a> (2000-03-27): Local time is GMT+2 hours ..., no daylight saving.
 
+# From a user via Klaus Marten (2003-02-07):
+# As a candidate for membership of the European Union, Lithuania will # 
+observe Summer Time in 2003, changing its clocks at the times laid # 
+down in EU Directive 2000/84 of 19.I.01 (i.e. at the same times as its 
+# neighbour Latvia). The text of the Lithuanian government Order of # 
+7.XI.02 to this effect can be found at # 
+http://www.lrvk.lt/nut/11/n1749.htm
+
+
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Europe/Vilnius	1:41:16	-	LMT	1880
 			1:24:00	-	WMT	1917	    # Warsaw Mean Time
@@ -1355,7 +1378,8 @@ Zone	Europe/Vilnius	1:41:16	-	LMT	1880
 			2:00	C-Eur	EE%sT	1998
 			2:00	-	EET	1998 Mar 29 1:00u
 			1:00	EU	CE%sT	1999 Oct 31 1:00u
-			2:00	-	EET
+			2:00	-	EET	2003 Jan  1
+			2:00	EU	EE%sT
 
 # Luxembourg
 # Whitman disagrees with most of these dates in minor ways; go with Shanks.
@@ -1393,7 +1417,7 @@ Zone Europe/Luxembourg	0:24:36 -	LMT	190
 			1:00	EU	CE%sT
 
 # Macedonia
-# see Yugoslavia
+# see Serbia and Montenegro
 
 # Malta
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
@@ -1979,11 +2003,27 @@ Zone Asia/Anadyr	11:49:56 -	LMT	1924 May
 			11:00	Russia	ANA%sT	1992 Jan 19 2:00s
 			12:00	Russia	ANA%sT
 
+# Serbia and Montenegro
+# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
+Zone	Europe/Belgrade	1:22:00	-	LMT	1884
+			1:00	-	CET	1941 Apr 18 23:00
+			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1945 May  8  2:00s
+			1:00	1:00	CEST	1945 Sep 16  2:00s
+# Metod Kozelj <metod.kozelj at rzs-hm.si> reports that the legal date of 
+# transition to EU rules was 1982-11-27, for all of Yugoslavia at the 
+time. # Shanks doesn't give as much detail, so go with Kozelj.
+			1:00	-	CET	1982 Nov 27
+			1:00	EU	CE%sT
+Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Ljubljana	# Slovenia
+Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Sarajevo	# Bosnia and Herzegovina
+Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Skopje	# Macedonia
+Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Zagreb	# Croatia
+
 # Slovakia
 Link Europe/Prague Europe/Bratislava
 
 # Slovenia
-# see Yugoslavia
+# see Serbia and Montenegro
 
 # Spain
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
@@ -2191,6 +2231,15 @@ Zone	Europe/Istanbul	1:55:52 -	LMT	1880
 Link	Europe/Istanbul	Asia/Istanbul	# Istanbul is in both continents.
 
 # Ukraine
+#
+# From Igor Karpov, who works for the Ukranian Ministry of Justice, # 
+via Garrett Wollman (2003-01-27): # BTW, I've found the official 
+document on this matter. It's goverment # regulations number 509, May 
+13, 1996. In my poor translation it says: # "Time in Ukraine is set to 
+second timezone (Kiev time). Each last Sunday # of March at 3am the 
+time is changing to 4am and each last Sunday of # October the time at 
+4am is changing to 3am"
+
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 # Most of Ukraine since 1970 has been like Kiev.
 Zone Europe/Kiev	2:02:04 -	LMT	1880
@@ -2249,22 +2298,6 @@ Zone Europe/Simferopol	2:16:24 -	LMT	188
 			3:00	-	MSK	1997 Mar lastSun 1:00u
 			2:00	EU	EE%sT
 
-# Yugoslavia
-# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	Europe/Belgrade	1:22:00	-	LMT	1884
-			1:00	-	CET	1941 Apr 18 23:00
-			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1945 May  8  2:00s
-			1:00	1:00	CEST	1945 Sep 16  2:00s
-# Metod Kozelj <metod.kozelj at rzs-hm.si> reports that the legal date of -# transition to EU rules was 1982-11-27, for all of Yugoslavia at the time. -# Shanks doesn't give as much detail, so go with Kozelj.
-			1:00	-	CET	1982 Nov 27
-			1:00	EU	CE%sT
-Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Ljubljana	# Slovenia
-Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Sarajevo	# Bosnia and Herzegovina
-Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Skopje	# Macedonia
-Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Zagreb	# Croatia
-  ###############################################################################
 
 # One source shows that Bulgaria, Cyprus, Finland, and Greece observe DST from ===================================================================
RCS file: RCS/iso3166.tab,v
retrieving revision 2002.4
retrieving revision 2002.4.0.1
diff -pu -r2002.4 -r2002.4.0.1
--- iso3166.tab	2002/10/15 17:12:42	2002.4
+++ iso3166.tab	2003/03/14 04:28:08	2002.4.0.1
@@ -2,11 +2,11 @@
 #
 # @(#)iso3166.tab	1.9
 #
-# From Paul Eggert <eggert at twinsun.com> (2002-05-28):
+# From Paul Eggert <eggert at twinsun.com> (2003-02-04):
 #
 # This file contains a table with the following columns:
 # 1.  ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 country code, current as of
-#     ISO 3166-1 Newsletter No. V-5 (2002-05-20).  See:
+#     ISO 3166-1 Newsletter No. V-7 (2003-01-14).  See:
 #     <a href="http://www.iso.org/iso/en/prods-services/iso3166ma/index.html">
 #     ISO 3166 Maintenance agency (ISO 3166/MA)
 #     </a>.
@@ -256,7 +256,7 @@ WF	Wallis & Futuna
 WS	Samoa (Western)
 YE	Yemen
 YT	Mayotte
-YU	Yugoslavia
+YU	Serbia and Montenegro
 ZA	South Africa
 ZM	Zambia
 ZW	Zimbabwe
===================================================================
RCS file: RCS/northamerica,v
retrieving revision 2002.3
retrieving revision 2002.3.0.1
diff -pu -r2002.3 -r2002.3.0.1
--- northamerica	2002/04/04 16:55:20	2002.3
+++ northamerica	2003/03/14 04:28:08	2002.3.0.1
@@ -88,6 +88,23 @@
 # of surrender, all of whom interrupting the bells of Big Ben in  # London which were to precede Mr. Attlee's speech.
 
+# From Paul Eggert (2003-02-09): It was Robert St John, not Bob Trout.  
+From # Myrna Oliver's obituary of St John on page B16 of today's Los 
+Angeles Times: # # ... a war-weary U.S. clung to radios, awaiting word 
+of Japan's surrender. # Any announcement from Asia would reach St. 
+John's New York newsroom on a # wire service teletype machine, which 
+had prescribed signals for major news. # Associated Press, for example, 
+would ring five bells before spewing out # typed copy of an important 
+story, and 10 bells for news "of transcendental # importance."
+#
+# On Aug. 14, stalling while talking steadily into the NBC networks' open
+# microphone, St. John heard five bells and waited only to hear a sixth bell,
+# before announcing confidently: "Ladies and gentlemen, World War II is over.
+# The Japanese have agreed to our surrender terms."
+#
+# He had scored a 20-second scoop on other broadcasters.
+
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	US	1918	1919	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
 Rule	US	1918	1919	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
@@ -189,10 +206,11 @@ Rule	US	1987	max	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:00	1:00	
 # US eastern time, represented by New York
 
 # Connecticut, Delaware, District of Columbia, most of Florida, -# Georgia, far southeastern Indiana, eastern Kentucky, Maine, -# Maryland, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North -# Carolina, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, eastern -# Tennessee, Vermont, Virginia, West Virginia
+# Georgia, southeast Indiana (Clark, Dearborn, Floyd, Harrison, and # 
+Ohio counties), eastern Kentucky, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, # New 
+Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, # Pennsylvania, 
+Rhode Island, South Carolina, eastern Tennessee, # Vermont, Virginia, 
+West Virginia
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER
 Rule	NYC	1920	only	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
@@ -211,10 +229,11 @@ Zone America/New_York	-4:56:02 -	LMT	188
 # US central time, represented by Chicago
 
 # Alabama, Arkansas, Florida panhandle, Illinois, western Indiana -# corners, Iowa, most of Kansas, western Kentucky, Louisiana, -# Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, eastern Nebraska, eastern North -# Dakota, Oklahoma, eastern South Dakota, western Tennessee, most of -# Texas, Wisconsin
+# (Gibson, Jasper, Lake, LaPorte, Newton, Porter, Posey, Spencer, # 
+Vanderburgh, and Warrick counties), Iowa, most of Kansas, western # 
+Kentucky, Louisiana, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, eastern # 
+Nebraska, eastern North Dakota, Oklahoma, eastern South Dakota, # 
+western Tennessee, most of Texas, Wisconsin
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER
 Rule	Chicago	1920	only	-	Jun	13	2:00	1:00	D
@@ -357,12 +376,32 @@ Zone Pacific/Honolulu	-10:31:26 -	LMT	19
 # Now we turn to US areas that have diverged from the consensus since 1970.
 
 # Arizona mostly uses MST.
+
+# From Paul Eggert (2002-10-20):
+#
+# The information in the rest of this paragraph is derived from the # 
+<a href="http://www.dlapr.lib.az.us/links/daylight.htm">
+# Daylight Saving Time web page (2002-01-23)</a> maintained by the # 
+Arizona State Library, Archives and Public Records. # Between 
+1944-01-01 and 1944-04-01 the State of Arizona used standard # time, 
+but by federal law railroads, airlines, bus lines, military # 
+personnel, and some engaged in interstate commerce continued to # 
+observe war (i.e., daylight saving) time.  The 1944-03-17 Phoenix # 
+Gazette says that was the date the law changed, and that 04-01 was # 
+the date the state's clocks would change.  In 1945 the State of # 
+Arizona used standard time all year, again with exceptions only as # 
+mandated by federal law.  Arizona observed DST in 1967, but Arizona # 
+Laws 1968, ch. 183 (effective 1968-03-21) repealed DST. #
+# Shanks says the 1944 experiment came to an end on 1944-03-17.
+# Go with the Arizona State Library instead.
+
 Zone America/Phoenix	-7:28:18 -	LMT	1883 Nov 18 12:00
 			-7:00	US	M%sT	1944 Jan  1 00:01
-			-7:00	-	MST	1944 Mar 17 00:01
+			-7:00	-	MST	1944 Apr  1 00:01
 			-7:00	US	M%sT	1944 Oct  1 00:01
 			-7:00	-	MST	1967
-			-7:00	US	M%sT	1968
+			-7:00	US	M%sT	1968 Mar 21
 			-7:00	-	MST
 # From Arthur David Olson (1988-02-13):
 # A writer from the Inter Tribal Council of Arizona, Inc.,
@@ -522,7 +561,7 @@ Link America/Louisville America/Kentucky
 # <a href="http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgi-bin/getdoc.cgi?dbname=2000_register&docid=fr17au00-22">
 # Federal Register 65, 160 (2000-08-17), page 50154-50158.
 # </a>
-# 
+#
 Zone America/Kentucky/Monticello -5:39:24 - LMT	1883 Nov 18 12:00
 			-6:00	US	C%sT	1946
 			-6:00	-	CST	1968
===================================================================
RCS file: RCS/southamerica,v
retrieving revision 2002.4
retrieving revision 2002.4.0.1
diff -pu -r2002.4 -r2002.4.0.1
--- southamerica	2002/10/15 17:03:12	2002.4
+++ southamerica	2003/03/14 04:28:08	2002.4.0.1
@@ -584,6 +584,10 @@ Zone America/Rio_Branco	-4:31:12 -	LMT	1
 # Go with this article in preference to Shanks's 1969 date for modern DST.  # Assume this rule has been used since DST was introduced in the islands.
 
+# From Paul Eggert (2002-10-24):
+# <http://www.shoa.cl/shoa/faqhoraoficial.htm> gives many details that 
+# disagree with the following table, but we haven't had time to compare 
+them.
+
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Chile	1918	only	-	Sep	 1	0:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Chile	1919	only	-	Jul	 2	0:00	0	-
===================================================================
RCS file: RCS/tz-link.htm,v
retrieving revision 2002.4
retrieving revision 2002.4.0.1
diff -pu -r2002.4 -r2002.4.0.1
--- tz-link.htm	2002/10/15 16:59:28	2002.4
+++ tz-link.htm	2003/03/14 04:28:08	2002.4.0.1
@@ -40,12 +40,13 @@ including
 <a href="http://www.freebsd.org/">FreeBSD</a>,
 <a href="http://www.netbsd.org/">NetBSD</a>,
 <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/">OpenBSD</a>,
+<a href="http://www.cygwin.com/">Cygwin</a>,
 <a href="http://www.delorie.com/djgpp/">DJGPP</a>,
 <a href="http://www.hp.com/products1/unix/operating/">HP-UX</a>,
-<a href="http://www.sgi.com/developers/technology/irix.html">IRIX</a>,
-<a href="http://www.caldera.com/products/openunix/">Open UNIX/UnixWare</a>, -<a href="http://wwws.sun.com/software/solaris/">Solaris</a>, and -<a href="http://www.tru64unix.compaq.com/">Tru64</a>.</p>
+<a href="http://www.sgi.com/developers/technology/irix/">IRIX</a>,
+<a href="http://wwws.sun.com/software/solaris/">Solaris</a>,
+<a href="http://www.tru64unix.compaq.com/">Tru64</a>, and
+<a href="http://www.sco.com/products/unixware/">UnixWare</a>.</p>
 <p>
 Each location in the database represents a national region where all  clocks keeping local time have agreed since 1970. @@ -97,10 +98,6 @@ Here are some recent links that may be o  <li><a href="http://www.bsdi.com/date/">Date and Time Gateway</a> is a  text-based point-and-click interface to tables of current time  throughout the world.</li> -<li><a href="http://sandbox.xerox.com/stewart/tzconvert.cgi">Timezone
-Converter</a> is a similar interface, with source code -written in <a href="http://www.perl.org/">Perl</a>, using what Paul -Stewart calls the "20-line hack no one will let me forget".</li>  <li>Fancier web interfaces, roughly in ascending order of complexity, include:  <ul>  <li><a href="http://www.hilink.com.au/times/">Local Times Around the @@ -111,29 +108,44 @@ World</a></li>  <li><a href="http://www.holidayfestival.com/">The Worldwide Holiday  & Festival Site</a> lists DST-related clock changes along with  holidays.</li> -<li><a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/">The World Clock</a>
+<li><a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/">The World Clock - 
+Time Zones</a>
 is a web interface to a time zone database derived from  <code>tz</code>'s.</li>  </ul>
+<h2>Other time zone database formats</h2>
+<ul>
+<li>The <a href="ftp://ftp.rfc-editor.org/in-notes/rfc2445.txt">
+Internet Calendaring and Scheduling Core Object Specification 
+(iCalendar)</a> specification published by the <a 
+href="http://www.ietf.org/html.charters/calsch-charter.html">IETF
+Calendaring and Scheduling Working Group (calsch)</a> covers time zone 
+data; see its VTIMEZONE calendar component.</li> <li>The <a
+href="http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/www-rdf-calendar/"><samp>www-rdf-calendar</samp></a>
+list discusses <a href="http://www.w3.org/RDF/">RDF</a>-based calendar
+and group scheduling systems, and has a <a
+href="http://www.w3.org/2002/12/cal/#tzd">workspace on time zone
+data</a> converted from <code>tz</code>. An earlier <a
+href="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/foo">schema</a> was sketched out by <a
+href="http://www.w3.org/People/Berners-Lee/">Tim Berners-Lee</a>.</li>
+<li><a
+href="http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-calsch-many-xcal-02.txt">XCal</a>
+is a draft <a href="http://www.w3.org/XML/">XML</a> document type
+definition that corresponds to iCalendar. <a
+href="http://www.panix.com/~gmcgath/sosigenes/">Sosigenes</a> is a <a
+href="http://java.sun.com/">Java</a> package for reading XCal
+calendars; it is distributed under the terms of the <a
+href="http://www.opensource.org/licenses/academic.php">Academic Free
+License</a>.</li>
+</ul>
 <h2>Other <code>tz</code> compilers</h2>
 <ul>
 <li><a href="http://primates.ximian.com/~damon/icalendar/">Olson ->  VTIMEZONE Converter</a> describes a program Vzic that -compiles <code>tz</code> source into VTIMEZONE text as specified by -the <a href="ftp://ftp.rfc-editor.org/in-notes/rfc2445.txt">iCalendar</a>
-specification published by the <a -href="http://www.ietf.org/html.charters/calsch-charter.html">IETF
-Calendaring and Scheduling Working Group</a>. Vzic is freely
+compiles <code>tz</code> source into iCalendar format. Vzic is freely
 available under the <a href="http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/gpl.html">GNU
 General Public License (GPL)</a>.</li>
-<li>Possible XML schemata for the <code>tz</code> data include <a -href="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/foo">one</a> sketched out by <a -href="http://www.w3.org/People/Berners-Lee/">Tim Berners-Lee</a> and -<a -href="http://developer.iplanet.com/docs/wpapers/calendar/ietf.txt">another</a>
-used by the <a -href="http://wwws.sun.com/software/products/calendar_srvr/home_calendar.html">Sun
-ONE Calendar Server</a>.</li>
 </ul>
 <h2>Other <code>tz</code> binary file readers</h2>
 <ul>
@@ -147,6 +159,10 @@ and is widely used in GNU/Linux systems.  <li><a href="http://www.bmsi.com/java/#TZ">ZoneInfo.java</a>
 is a <code>tz</code> binary file reader written in Java.
 It is freely available under the GNU LGPL.</li>
+<li><a href="http://s.keim.free.fr/tz/doc.html">Python time zones</a> 
+is a <code>tz</code> binary file reader written in <a 
+href="http://www.python.org/">Python</a>. It is freely available under 
+a BSD-style license.</li>
 </ul>
 <h2>Other <code>tz</code>-based time zone conversion software</h2>  <ul> @@ -154,13 +170,13 @@ It is freely available under the GNU LGP  href="http://www1.tip.nl/~t876506/AboutTimeZonesHC.html">HyperCard
 time zones calculator</a> is a HyperCard stack.</li>
 <li><a
-href="http://www.cimmyt.org/timezone/">Time Zone Converter</a> is a
+href="http://www.cimmyt.org/timezone/">World Time Explorer</a> is a
 Microsoft Windows program.</li>
 </ul>
 <h2>Other time zone databases</h2>
 <ul>
-<li><a href="http://www.astro.com/cgi-bin/atlw3/aq.cgi?lang=e">Astrodienst
-- Atlas Query</a> is Astrodienst's Web version of Shanks's
+<li><a href="http://www.astro.com/cgi-bin/atlw3/aq.cgi?lang=e">Atlas 
+Query
+- Astrodienst</a> is Astrodienst's Web version of Shanks's
 excellent time zone history atlases published in both <a  href="http://astrocom.com/software/pcatlas.php">computer</a> and <a  href="http://astrocom.com/books/xrefa.php#SHANKS">book</a> form by <a @@ -178,8 +194,8 @@ for the <code>usno*</code> files in the 
 <li><a href="http://www.airportcitycodes.com/aaa/">Airlines, Airplanes  and Airports</a> lists current standard times for thousands of  airports around the world. This seems to be derived from -the <a href="http://www.iata.org/sked/ssim.htm">Standard
-Schedules Information Manual</a> of the
+the <a href="http://www.iata.org/sked/publications/">Standard
+Schedules Information Manual (SSIM)</a> of the
 the <a href="http://www.iata.org/">International Air Transport  Association</a>,  which gives current time zone rules for @@ -189,7 +205,7 @@ all the airports served by commercial av  <ul>  <li>The <a href="http://www.odci.gov/">United States Central  Intelligence Agency (CIA)</a> publishes a <a -href="http://www.odci.gov/cia/publications/factbook/ref/pdf/802801.pdf">time
+href="http://www.odci.gov/cia/publications/factbook/reference_maps/pdf/
+time_zones.pdf">time
 zone map</a>; the
 <a  href="http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/world.html">Perry-Castañeda
@@ -220,7 +236,7 @@ Zones of the United States</a> in the pu  href="http://spatialnews.geocomm.com/features/timezones/">International
 Time Zones and Time Zone Data</a>.</li>
 </ul>
-<h2>Daylight saving time concepts and history</h2>
+<h2>Civil time concepts and history</h2>
 <ul>
 <li><a href="http://physics.nist.gov/time">A Walk through Time</a>  surveys the evolution of timekeeping.</li> @@ -235,13 +251,20 @@ The time zone map is out of date, howeve  <li><a href="http://www.phys.uu.nl/~vgent/idl/idl.htm">A History of  the International Date Line</a> tells the story of the most important  time zone boundary.</li> -<li>A few countries have well-documented histories of legal time.
+<li><a href="http://www.mindspring.com/~gwil/tconcept.html">Basic Time 
+Zone Concepts</a> discusses terminological issues behind time 
+zones.</li> </ul> <h2>National histories of legal time</h2>
 <dl>
 <dt>Australia</dt>
 <dd><a  href="http://www.dstc.qut.edu.au/DST/marg/daylight.html#more">Australia's
 Daylight Saving Times</a> contains pointers to government records and to  histories of daylight saving.</dd>
+<dt>Austria</dt>
+<dd>The Federal Office of Metrology and Surveying publishes a table of 
+<a href="http://www.metrologie.at/pdf/sommerzeit.pdf"
+hreflang="de">daylight saving time in Austria (in German)</a>.</dd>
 <dt>Belgium</dt>
 <dd>The Royal Observatory of Belgium maintains a table of <a  href="http://www.astro.oma.be/GENERAL/INFO/nli001a.html"
@@ -254,8 +277,12 @@ Portuguese)</a>.</dd>
 <dt>Canada</dt>
 <dd>The Institute for National Measurement Standards publishes current  and some older information about <a -href="http://www.nrc.ca/inms/time/tze.html">Time Zones and Daylight -Saving Time</a>.</dd>
+href="http://inms-ienm.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/time_services/daylight_savings_e.
+html">Time
+Zones and Daylight Saving Time</a>.</dd>
+<dt>Chile</dt>
+<dd>The Hydrographic and Oceanographic Service has a <a
+href="http://www.shoa.cl/shoa/faqhoraoficial.htm"
+hreflang="es">history of official time (in Spanish)</a>.</dd>
 <dt>Germany</dt>
 <dd>The National Institute for Science and Technology maintains the <a  href="http://www.ptb.de/en/org/4/43/432/lega.htm">Realisation of @@ -273,6 +300,10 @@ hreflang="es">history of Mexican local t  <dd><a href="http://www.phys.uu.nl/~vgent/wettijd/wettijd.htm"
 hreflang="nl">Legal time in the Netherlands (in Dutch)</a>  covers the history of local time in the Netherlands from ancient times.</dd>
+<dt>New Zealand</dt>
+<dd>The Department of Internal Affairs maintains a brief history <a 
+href="http://www.dia.govt.nz/diawebsite.nsf/wpg_URL/Resource-material-I
+nformation-We-Provide-About-Daylight-Saving">about
+daylight saving</a>.</dd>
 <dt>United Kingdom</dt>
 <dd><a  href="http://student.cusu.cam.ac.uk/~jsm28/british-time/">History of @@ -281,8 +312,7 @@ with perhaps the best-documented history  The National Physical Laboratory also maintains an <a  href="http://www.npl.co.uk/time/summer_time_archive.html">archive
 of summer time dates</a>.</dd>
-</dl></li>
-</ul>
+</dl>
 <h2>Precision timekeeping</h2>
 <ul>
 <li><a
@@ -315,13 +345,14 @@ International Earth Rotation Service, th  when leap seconds occur.</li>  <li>The <a  href="http://rom.usno.navy.mil/archives/leapsecs.html">Leap
-Second Discussion List</a> covers <a -href="http://www.findarticles.com/cf_0/m0BPW/11_10/57821998/p1/article.jhtml">McCarthy
-and Klepczynski's proposal to discontinue leap seconds</a>.
+Second Discussion List</a> covers McCarthy and Klepczynski's proposal 
+to discontinue leap seconds, published in <a 
+href="http://www.gpsworld.com/">GPS World</a> <strong>10</strong>, 11 
+(1999-11), 50–57.
 This proposal is being studied by the URSI Commission J <a  href="http://space.mit.edu/URSI/leapsecond.html">Working Group on the  Leap Second</a>, and the IAU -has plans to report on this proposal by 2003.</li>
+has plans to report on this proposal in 2003.</li>
 </ul>
 <h2>Time notation</h2>
 <ul>
@@ -358,10 +389,11 @@ maintainers.</li>
 </ul>
 <h2>Related indexes</h2>
 <ul>
+<li><a href="tz-art.htm">Time and the Arts</a></li>
 <li><a href="http://dmoz.org/Reference/Time/">Open Directory -
 Reference: Time</a></li>
-<li><a href="tz-art.htm">Time and the Arts</a></li>
-<li><a href="http://dir.yahoo.com/Science/Measurements_and_Units/Time/Time_Zones/">Yahoo! - Science:Measurements and Units:Time:Time Zones</a></li>
+<li><a href="http://directory.google.com/Top/Reference/Time/">Google 
+Directory - Reference > Time</a></li> <li><a 
+href="http://dir.yahoo.com/Science/Measurements_and_Units/Time/Time_Zones/">Yahoo! Science > Measurements and Units > Time > Time Zones</a></li>
 </ul>
 </body>
 </html> ===================================================================
RCS file: RCS/zone.tab,v
retrieving revision 2002.4
retrieving revision 2002.4.0.1
diff -pu -r2002.4 -r2002.4.0.1
--- zone.tab	2002/10/15 17:00:59	2002.4
+++ zone.tab	2003/03/14 04:28:08	2002.4.0.1
@@ -33,6 +33,7 @@ AN	+1211-06900	America/Curacao
 AO	-0848+01314	Africa/Luanda
 AQ	-7750+16636	Antarctica/McMurdo	McMurdo Station, Ross Island
 AQ	-9000+00000	Antarctica/South_Pole	Amundsen-Scott Station, South Pole
+AQ	-6734-06808	Antarctica/Rothera	Rothera Station, Adelaide Island
 AQ	-6448-06406	Antarctica/Palmer	Palmer Station, Anvers Island
 AQ	-6736+06253	Antarctica/Mawson	Mawson Station, Holme Bay
 AQ	-6835+07758	Antarctica/Davis	Davis Station, Vestfold Hills



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