[tz] [PROPOSED 1/7] Remove many invented abbrs in 'africa', 'backzone'

Paul Eggert eggert at cs.ucla.edu
Thu Feb 23 09:06:39 UTC 2017


* NEWS: Document this.
* africa (Atlantic/Cape_Verde, Africa/Accra, Africa/Bissau)
(Africa/Nairobi, Africa/Monrovia, Indian/Mauritius, Africa/El_Aaiun)
(Africa/Windhoek, Indian/Reunion, Indian/Mahe):
* backzone (Africa/Bamako, Africa/Banjul, Africa/Conakry)
(Africa/Dakar, Africa/Dar_es_Salaam, SL, Africa/Kampala):
(Africa/Luanda, Africa/Mogadishu, Africa/Niamey, Africa/Nouakchott)
(America/Argentina/ComodRivadavia, America/Aruba, America/Rosario)
(Asia/Aden, Asia/Bahrain, Asia/Chongqing, Asia/Hanoi, Asia/Harbin)
(Asia/Kashgar, Asia/Kuwait, Asia/Muscat, Asia/Phnom_Penh)
(Asia/Vientiane, Atlantic/Jan_Mayen, Pacific/Midway, Pacific/Saipan):
Prefer numeric time zone abbreviations to invented or dubious ones.
---
 NEWS     |  30 ++++++++------
 africa   |  90 ++++++++++++++++++++----------------------
 backzone | 136 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++--------------------------------
 3 files changed, 126 insertions(+), 130 deletions(-)

diff --git a/NEWS b/NEWS
index b3273ce..185524f 100644
--- a/NEWS
+++ b/NEWS
@@ -39,19 +39,23 @@ Unreleased, experimental changes
     new zone.  Similarly, switch from invented to numeric time zone
     abbreviations for Afghanistan, American Samoa, the Azores,
     Bangladesh, Bhutan, the British Indian Ocean Territory, Brunei,
-    Chatham Is, Christmas I, Cocos (Keeling) Is, Cook Is, Dubai, East
-    Timor, Eucla, Fiji, French Polynesia, Greenland, Indochina, Iran,
-    Iraq, Kiribati, Lord Howe, Macquarie, Malaysia, the Maldives,
-    Marshall Is, Micronesia, Mongolia, Myanmar, Nauru, Nepal, New
-    Caledonia, Niue, Norfolk I, Palau, Papua New Guinea, the
-    Philippines, Pitcairn, Qatar, St Pierre & Miquelon, Samoa, Saudi
-    Arabia, Singapore, Solomon Is, Tokelau, Tuvalu, Wake, Vanuatu,
-    Wallis & Futuna, and Xinjiang; for half-hour daylight saving time
-    in Belize before 1944 and in the Dominican Republic before 1975;
-    and for Canary Islands before 1946, for Madeira before 1967, for
-    Iceland before 1969, for Indian Summer Time before 1942, for
-    Indonesia before around 1964, for the Netherlands in 1937-9, for
-    Pakistan before 1971, and for Zaporozhye in 1880-1924.
+    Cape Verde, Chatham Is, Christmas I, Cocos (Keeling) Is, Cook Is,
+    Dubai, East Timor, Eucla, Fiji, French Polynesia, Greenland,
+    Indochina, Iran, Iraq, Kiribati, Lord Howe, Macquarie, Malaysia,
+    the Maldives, Marshall Is, Mauritius, Micronesia, Mongolia,
+    Myanmar, Nauru, Nepal, New Caledonia, Niue, Norfolk I, Palau,
+    Papua New Guinea, the Philippines, Pitcairn, Qatar, Réunion, St
+    Pierre & Miquelon, Samoa, Saudi Arabia, Seychelles, Singapore,
+    Solomon Is, Tokelau, Tuvalu, Wake, Vanuatu, Wallis & Futuna, and
+    Xinjiang; for 20-minute daylight saving time in Ghana before 1943;
+    for half-hour daylight saving time in Belize before 1944 and in
+    the Dominican Republic before 1975; and for Canary Islands before
+    1946, for Guinea-Bissau before 1975, for Iceland before 1969, for
+    Indian Summer Time before 1942, for Indonesia before around 1964,
+    for Kenya before 1960, for Liberia before 1973, for Madeira before
+    1967, for Namibia before 1943, for the Netherlands in 1937-9, for
+    Pakistan before 1971, for Western Sahara before 1977, and for
+    Zaporozhye in 1880-1924.
 
     For Alaska time from 1900 through 1967, instead of "CAT" use the
     abbreviation "AST", the abbreviation commonly used at the time
diff --git a/africa b/africa
index 010050e..2faeb27 100644
--- a/africa
+++ b/africa
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 # tz at iana.org for general use in the future).  For more, please see
 # the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution.
 
-# From Paul Eggert (2017-02-10):
+# From Paul Eggert (2017-02-20):
 #
 # Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is:
 # Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
@@ -31,39 +31,33 @@
 # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
 # Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
 #
+# European-style abbreviations are commonly used along the Mediterranean.
+# For sub-Saharan Africa abbreviations were less standardized.
 # Previous editions of this database used WAT, CAT, SAT, and EAT
-# for +0:00 through +3:00, respectively,
-# but Mark R V Murray reports that
-# 'SAST' is the official abbreviation for +2:00 in the country of South Africa,
-# 'CAT' is commonly used for +2:00 in countries north of South Africa, and
-# 'WAT' is probably the best name for +1:00, as the common phrase for
+# for UT +00 through +03, respectively,
+# but in 1997 Mark R V Murray reported that
+# 'SAST' is the official abbreviation for +02 in the country of South Africa,
+# 'CAT' is commonly used for +02 in countries north of South Africa, and
+# 'WAT' is probably the best name for +01, as the common phrase for
 # the area that includes Nigeria is "West Africa".
-# He has heard of "Western Sahara Time" for +0:00 but can find no reference.
-#
-# To make things confusing, 'WAT' seems to have been used for -1:00 long ago;
-# I'd guess that this was because people needed _some_ name for -1:00,
-# and at the time, far west Africa was the only major land area in -1:00.
-# This usage is now obsolete, as the last use of -1:00 on the African
-# mainland seems to have been 1976 in Western Sahara.
-#
-# To summarize, the following abbreviations seem to have some currency:
-#	-1:00	WAT	West Africa Time (no longer used)
-#	 0:00	GMT	Greenwich Mean Time
-#	 2:00	CAT	Central Africa Time
-#	 2:00	SAST	South Africa Standard Time
-# and Murray suggests the following abbreviation:
-#	 1:00	WAT	West Africa Time
-# I realize that this leads to 'WAT' being used for both -1:00 and 1:00
-# for times before 1976, but this is the best I can think of
-# until we get more information.
+#
+# To summarize, the following abbreviations seemed to have some currency:
+#	 +00	GMT	Greenwich Mean Time
+#	 +02	CAT	Central Africa Time
+#	 +02	SAST	South Africa Standard Time
+# and Murray suggested the following abbreviation:
+#	 +01	WAT	West Africa Time
+# Murray's suggestion seems to have caught on in news reports and the like.
+# I vaguely recall 'WAT' also being used for -01 in the past but
+# cannot now come up with solid citations.
 #
 # I invented the following abbreviations; corrections are welcome!
-#	 2:00	WAST	West Africa Summer Time
-#	 2:30	BEAT	British East Africa Time (no longer used)
-#	 2:45	BEAUT	British East Africa Unified Time (no longer used)
-#	 3:00	CAST	Central Africa Summer Time (no longer used)
-#	 3:00	SAST	South Africa Summer Time (no longer used)
-#	 3:00	EAT	East Africa Time
+#	 +02	WAST	West Africa Summer Time
+#	 +03	CAST	Central Africa Summer Time (no longer used)
+#	 +03	SAST	South Africa Summer Time (no longer used)
+#	 +03	EAT	East Africa Time
+# 'EAT' also seems to have caught on; the others are rare but are paired
+# with better-attested non-DST abbreviations.
 
 # Algeria
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
@@ -121,17 +115,17 @@ Zone	Africa/Algiers	0:12:12 -	LMT	1891 Mar 15  0:01
 
 # Cape Verde / Cabo Verde
 #
-# Shanks gives 1907 for the transition to CVT.
+# Shanks gives 1907 for the transition to +02.
 # Perhaps the 1911-05-26 Portuguese decree
-# http://dre.pt/pdf1sdip/1911/05/12500/23132313.pdf
+# https://dre.pt/pdf1sdip/1911/05/12500/23132313.pdf
 # merely made it official?
 #
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Atlantic/Cape_Verde -1:34:04 -	LMT	1907        # Praia
-			-2:00	-	CVT	1942 Sep
-			-2:00	1:00	CVST	1945 Oct 15
-			-2:00	-	CVT	1975 Nov 25  2:00
-			-1:00	-	CVT
+			-2:00	-	-02	1942 Sep
+			-2:00	1:00	-01	1945 Oct 15
+			-2:00	-	-02	1975 Nov 25  2:00
+			-1:00	-	-01
 
 # Central African Republic
 # See Africa/Lagos.
@@ -388,7 +382,7 @@ Rule	Ghana	1920	1942	-	Sep	 1	0:00	0:20	GHST
 Rule	Ghana	1920	1942	-	Dec	31	0:00	0	GMT
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Africa/Accra	-0:00:52 -	LMT	1918
-			 0:00	Ghana	%s
+			 0:00	Ghana	GMT/+0020
 
 # Guinea
 # See Africa/Abidjan.
@@ -397,20 +391,20 @@ Zone	Africa/Accra	-0:00:52 -	LMT	1918
 #
 # Shanks gives 1911-05-26 for the transition to WAT,
 # evidently confusing the date of the Portuguese decree
-# http://dre.pt/pdf1sdip/1911/05/12500/23132313.pdf
+# https://dre.pt/pdf1sdip/1911/05/12500/23132313.pdf
 # with the date that it took effect, namely 1912-01-01.
 #
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Africa/Bissau	-1:02:20 -	LMT	1912 Jan  1
-			-1:00	-	WAT	1975
+			-1:00	-	-01	1975
 			 0:00	-	GMT
 
 # Kenya
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Africa/Nairobi	2:27:16	-	LMT	1928 Jul
 			3:00	-	EAT	1930
-			2:30	-	BEAT	1940
-			2:45	-	BEAUT	1960
+			2:30	-	+0230	1940
+			2:45	-	+0245	1960
 			3:00	-	EAT
 Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Addis_Ababa	 # Ethiopia
 Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Asmara	 # Eritrea
@@ -437,7 +431,7 @@ Link Africa/Nairobi Indian/Mayotte
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Africa/Monrovia	-0:43:08 -	LMT	1882
 			-0:43:08 -	MMT	1919 Mar # Monrovia Mean Time
-			-0:44:30 -	LRT	1972 May # Liberia Time
+			-0:44:30 -	-004430	1972 May
 			 0:00	-	GMT
 
 ###############################################################################
@@ -596,7 +590,7 @@ Rule Mauritius	2008	only	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	1:00	S
 Rule Mauritius	2009	only	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00	0	-
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone Indian/Mauritius	3:50:00 -	LMT	1907 # Port Louis
-			4:00 Mauritius	MU%sT	# Mauritius Time
+			4:00 Mauritius	+04/+05
 # Agalega Is, Rodriguez
 # no information; probably like Indian/Mauritius
 
@@ -915,14 +909,14 @@ Zone Africa/Casablanca	-0:30:20 -	LMT	1913 Oct 26
 # since most of it was then controlled by Morocco.
 
 Zone Africa/El_Aaiun	-0:52:48 -	LMT	1934 Jan # El Aaiún
-			-1:00	-	WAT	1976 Apr 14
+			-1:00	-	-01	1976 Apr 14
 			 0:00	Morocco	WE%sT
 
 # Mozambique
 #
 # Shanks gives 1903-03-01 for the transition to CAT.
 # Perhaps the 1911-05-26 Portuguese decree
-# http://dre.pt/pdf1sdip/1911/05/12500/23132313.pdf
+# https://dre.pt/pdf1sdip/1911/05/12500/23132313.pdf
 # merely made it official?
 #
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
@@ -958,7 +952,7 @@ Rule	Namibia	1994	max	-	Sep	Sun>=1	2:00	1:00	S
 Rule	Namibia	1995	max	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:00	0	-
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Africa/Windhoek	1:08:24 -	LMT	1892 Feb 8
-			1:30	-	SWAT	1903 Mar    # SW Africa Time
+			1:30	-	+0130	1903 Mar
 			2:00	-	SAST	1942 Sep 20  2:00
 			2:00	1:00	SAST	1943 Mar 21  2:00
 			2:00	-	SAST	1990 Mar 21 # independence
@@ -985,7 +979,7 @@ Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Porto-Novo  # Benin
 # Réunion
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Indian/Reunion	3:41:52 -	LMT	1911 Jun # Saint-Denis
-			4:00	-	RET	# Réunion Time
+			4:00	-	+04
 #
 # Crozet Islands also observes Réunion time; see the 'antarctica' file.
 #
@@ -1020,7 +1014,7 @@ Zone	Indian/Reunion	3:41:52 -	LMT	1911 Jun # Saint-Denis
 # Seychelles
 # Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Indian/Mahe	3:41:48 -	LMT	1906 Jun # Victoria
-			4:00	-	SCT	# Seychelles Time
+			4:00	-	+04
 # From Paul Eggert (2001-05-30):
 # Aldabra, Farquhar, and Desroches, originally dependencies of the
 # Seychelles, were transferred to the British Indian Ocean Territory
diff --git a/backzone b/backzone
index 4a5085f..119584a 100644
--- a/backzone
+++ b/backzone
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ Link Africa/Asmara Africa/Asmera
 # Mali (southern)
 Zone	Africa/Bamako	-0:32:00 -	LMT	1912
 			 0:00	-	GMT	1934 Feb 26
-			-1:00	-	WAT	1960 Jun 20
+			-1:00	-	-01	1960 Jun 20
 			 0:00	-	GMT
 
 # Central African Republic
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ Zone	Africa/Bangui	1:14:20	-	LMT	1912
 # Gambia
 Zone	Africa/Banjul	-1:06:36 -	LMT	1912
 			-1:06:36 -	BMT	1935 # Banjul Mean Time
-			-1:00	-	WAT	1964
+			-1:00	-	-01	1964
 			 0:00	-	GMT
 
 # Malawi
@@ -93,18 +93,18 @@ Zone Africa/Bujumbura	1:57:28	-	LMT	1890
 # Guinea
 Zone	Africa/Conakry	-0:54:52 -	LMT	1912
 			 0:00	-	GMT	1934 Feb 26
-			-1:00	-	WAT	1960
+			-1:00	-	-01	1960
 			 0:00	-	GMT
 
 # Senegal
 Zone	Africa/Dakar	-1:09:44 -	LMT	1912
-			-1:00	-	WAT	1941 Jun
+			-1:00	-	-01	1941 Jun
 			 0:00	-	GMT
 
 # Tanzania
 Zone Africa/Dar_es_Salaam 2:37:08 -	LMT	1931
 			3:00	-	EAT	1948
-			2:45	-	BEAUT	1961
+			2:45	-	+0245	1961
 			3:00	-	EAT
 
 # Djibouti
@@ -122,9 +122,9 @@ Zone	Africa/Douala	0:38:48	-	LMT	1912
 # The International Hydrographic Bulletin, 1932-33, p 63 says that
 # Sierra Leone would advance its clocks by 20 minutes on 1933-10-01.
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
-Rule	SL	1935	1942	-	Jun	 1	0:00	0:40	SLST
-Rule	SL	1935	1942	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	WAT
-Rule	SL	1957	1962	-	Jun	 1	0:00	1:00	SLST
+Rule	SL	1935	1942	-	Jun	 1	0:00	0:40	-0020
+Rule	SL	1935	1942	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	-01
+Rule	SL	1957	1962	-	Jun	 1	0:00	1:00	+01
 Rule	SL	1957	1962	-	Sep	 1	0:00	0	GMT
 Zone	Africa/Freetown	-0:53:00 -	LMT	1882
 			-0:53:00 -	FMT	1913 Jun # Freetown Mean Time
@@ -153,8 +153,8 @@ Zone	Africa/Juba	2:06:24 -	LMT	1931
 # Uganda
 Zone	Africa/Kampala	2:09:40 -	LMT	1928 Jul
 			3:00	-	EAT	1930
-			2:30	-	BEAT	1948
-			2:45	-	BEAUT	1957
+			2:30	-	+0230	1948
+			2:45	-	+0245	1957
 			3:00	-	EAT
 
 # Rwanda
@@ -177,11 +177,11 @@ Zone	Africa/Lome	0:04:52 -	LMT	1893
 #
 # Shanks gives 1911-05-26 for the transition to WAT,
 # evidently confusing the date of the Portuguese decree
-# http://dre.pt/pdf1sdip/1911/05/12500/23132313.pdf
+# https://dre.pt/pdf1sdip/1911/05/12500/23132313.pdf
 # with the date that it took effect, namely 1912-01-01.
 #
 Zone	Africa/Luanda	0:52:56	-	LMT	1892
-			0:52:04	-	AOT	1912 Jan  1 # Angola Time
+			0:52:04	-	+005204	1912 Jan  1
 			1:00	-	WAT
 
 # Democratic Republic of the Congo (east)
@@ -216,19 +216,19 @@ Zone	Africa/Mbabane	2:04:24 -	LMT	1903 Mar
 # Somalia
 Zone Africa/Mogadishu	3:01:28 -	LMT	1893 Nov
 			3:00	-	EAT	1931
-			2:30	-	BEAT	1957
+			2:30	-	+0230	1957
 			3:00	-	EAT
 
 # Niger
 Zone	Africa/Niamey	 0:08:28 -	LMT	1912
-			-1:00	-	WAT	1934 Feb 26
+			-1:00	-	-01	1934 Feb 26
 			 0:00	-	GMT	1960
 			 1:00	-	WAT
 
 # Mauritania
 Zone Africa/Nouakchott	-1:03:48 -	LMT	1912
 			 0:00	-	GMT	1934 Feb 26
-			-1:00	-	WAT	1960 Nov 28
+			-1:00	-	-01	1960 Nov 28
 			 0:00	-	GMT
 
 # Burkina Faso
@@ -264,19 +264,19 @@ Zone	America/Antigua	-4:07:12 -	LMT	1912 Mar 2
 # The name "Comodoro Rivadavia" exceeds the 14-byte POSIX limit.
 Zone America/Argentina/ComodRivadavia -4:30:00 - LMT	1894 Oct 31
 			-4:16:48 -	CMT	1920 May
-			-4:00	-	ART	1930 Dec
-			-4:00	Arg	AR%sT	1969 Oct  5
-			-3:00	Arg	AR%sT	1991 Mar  3
-			-4:00	-	WART	1991 Oct 20
-			-3:00	Arg	AR%sT	1999 Oct  3
-			-4:00	Arg	AR%sT	2000 Mar  3
-			-3:00	-	ART	2004 Jun  1
-			-4:00	-	WART	2004 Jun 20
-			-3:00	-	ART
+			-4:00	-	-04	1930 Dec
+			-4:00	Arg	-04/-03	1969 Oct  5
+			-3:00	Arg	-03/-02	1991 Mar  3
+			-4:00	-	-04	1991 Oct 20
+			-3:00	Arg	-03/-02	1999 Oct  3
+			-4:00	Arg	-04/-03	2000 Mar  3
+			-3:00	-	-03	2004 Jun  1
+			-4:00	-	-04	2004 Jun 20
+			-3:00	-	-03
 
 # Aruba
 Zone	America/Aruba	-4:40:24 -	LMT	1912 Feb 12 # Oranjestad
-			-4:30	-	ANT	1965 # Netherlands Antilles Time
+			-4:30	-	-0430	1965
 			-4:00	-	AST
 
 # Cayman Is
@@ -365,12 +365,12 @@ Zone America/Montserrat	-4:08:52 -	LMT	1911 Jul  1  0:01 # Cork Hill
 # Formosa (FM), La Pampa (LP), Chubut (CH)
 Zone America/Rosario	-4:02:40 -	LMT	1894 Nov
 			-4:16:44 -	CMT	1920 May
-			-4:00	-	ART	1930 Dec
-			-4:00	Arg	AR%sT	1969 Oct  5
-			-3:00	Arg	AR%sT	1991 Jul
-			-3:00	-	ART	1999 Oct  3  0:00
-			-4:00	Arg	AR%sT	2000 Mar  3  0:00
-			-3:00	-	ART
+			-4:00	-	-04	1930 Dec
+			-4:00	Arg	-04/-03	1969 Oct  5
+			-3:00	Arg	-03/-02	1991 Jul
+			-3:00	-	-03	1999 Oct  3  0:00
+			-4:00	Arg	-04/-03	2000 Mar  3  0:00
+			-3:00	-	-03
 
 # St Kitts-Nevis
 Zone America/St_Kitts	-4:10:52 -	LMT	1912 Mar  2 # Basseterre
@@ -403,12 +403,12 @@ Link Antarctica/McMurdo Antarctica/South_Pole
 # Milne says 2:59:54 was the meridian of the saluting battery at Aden,
 # and that Yemen was at 1:55:56, the meridian of the Hagia Sophia.
 Zone	Asia/Aden	2:59:54	-	LMT	1950
-			3:00	-	AST
+			3:00	-	+03
 
 # Bahrain
 Zone	Asia/Bahrain	3:22:20 -	LMT	1920     # Manamah
-			4:00	-	GST	1972 Jun
-			3:00	-	AST
+			4:00	-	+04	1972 Jun
+			3:00	-	+03
 
 # India
 #
@@ -431,7 +431,7 @@ Zone	Asia/Bahrain	3:22:20 -	LMT	1920     # Manamah
 # counties Deqing, Enping, Kaiping, Luoding, Taishan, Xinxing,
 # Yangchun, Yangjiang, Yu'nan, and Yunfu.
 Zone	Asia/Chongqing	7:06:20	-	LMT	1928     # or Chungking
-			7:00	-	LONT	1980 May # Long-shu Time
+			7:00	-	+07	1980 May
 			8:00	PRC	C%sT
 Link Asia/Chongqing Asia/Chungking
 
@@ -442,43 +442,43 @@ Link Asia/Chongqing Asia/Chungking
 # October 1954, with exact date and time unspecified.
 Zone	Asia/Hanoi	7:03:24 -	LMT	1906 Jul  1
 			7:06:30	-	PLMT	1911 May  1
-			7:00	-	ICT	1942 Dec 31 23:00
-			8:00	-	IDT	1945 Mar 14 23:00
-			9:00	-	JST	1945 Sep  2
-			7:00	-	ICT	1947 Apr  1
-			8:00	-	IDT	1954 Oct
-			7:00	-	ICT
+			7:00	-	+07	1942 Dec 31 23:00
+			8:00	-	+08	1945 Mar 14 23:00
+			9:00	-	+09	1945 Sep  2
+			7:00	-	+07	1947 Apr  1
+			8:00	-	+08	1954 Oct
+			7:00	-	+07
 
 # China
 # Changbai Time ("Long-white Time", Long-white = Heilongjiang area)
 # Heilongjiang (except Mohe county), Jilin
 Zone	Asia/Harbin	8:26:44	-	LMT	1928     # or Haerbin
-			8:30	-	CHAT	1932 Mar # Changbai Time
+			8:30	-	+0830	1932 Mar
 			8:00	-	CST	1940
-			9:00	-	CHAT	1966 May
-			8:30	-	CHAT	1980 May
+			9:00	-	+09	1966 May
+			8:30	-	+0830	1980 May
 			8:00	PRC	C%sT
 
 # far west China
 Zone	Asia/Kashgar	5:03:56	-	LMT	1928     # or Kashi or Kaxgar
-			5:30	-	KAST	1940     # Kashgar Time
-			5:00	-	KAST	1980 May
+			5:30	-	+0530	1940
+			5:00	-	+05	1980 May
 			8:00	PRC	C%sT
 
 # Kuwait
 Zone	Asia/Kuwait	3:11:56 -	LMT	1950
-			3:00	-	AST
+			3:00	-	+03
 
 
 # Oman
 # Milne says 3:54:24 was the meridian of the Muscat Tidal Observatory.
 Zone	Asia/Muscat	3:54:24 -	LMT	1920
-			4:00	-	GST
+			4:00	-	+04
 
 # India
 # From Paul Eggert (2014-08-11), after a heads-up from Stephen Colebourne:
 # According to a Portuguese decree (1911-05-26)
-# http://dre.pt/pdf1sdip/1911/05/12500/23132313.pdf
+# https://dre.pt/pdf1sdip/1911/05/12500/23132313.pdf
 # Portuguese India switched to UT +05 on 1912-01-01.
 #Zone	Asia/Panaji	[not enough info to complete]
 
@@ -491,12 +491,12 @@ Zone	Asia/Muscat	3:54:24 -	LMT	1920
 # transitions there.
 Zone	Asia/Phnom_Penh	6:59:40 -	LMT	1906 Jul  1
 			7:06:30	-	PLMT	1911 May  1
-			7:00	-	ICT	1942 Dec 31 23:00
-			8:00	-	IDT	1945 Mar 14 23:00
-			9:00	-	JST	1945 Sep  2
-			7:00	-	ICT	1947 Apr  1
-			8:00	-	IDT	1953 Nov  9
-			7:00	-	ICT
+			7:00	-	+07	1942 Dec 31 23:00
+			8:00	-	+08	1945 Mar 14 23:00
+			9:00	-	+09	1945 Sep  2
+			7:00	-	+07	1947 Apr  1
+			8:00	-	+08	1953 Nov  9
+			7:00	-	+07
 
 # Israel
 Zone	Asia/Tel_Aviv	2:19:04 -	LMT	1880
@@ -511,16 +511,16 @@ Zone	Asia/Tel_Aviv	2:19:04 -	LMT	1880
 # this is probably wrong but it's better than guessing no transition.
 Zone	Asia/Vientiane	6:50:24 -	LMT	1906 Jul  1
 			7:06:30	-	PLMT	1911 May  1
-			7:00	-	ICT	1942 Dec 31 23:00
-			8:00	-	IDT	1945 Mar 14 23:00
-			9:00	-	JST	1945 Sep  2
-			7:00	-	ICT	1947 Apr  1
-			8:00	-	IDT	1955 Apr 15
-			7:00	-	ICT
+			7:00	-	+07	1942 Dec 31 23:00
+			8:00	-	+08	1945 Mar 14 23:00
+			9:00	-	+09	1945 Sep  2
+			7:00	-	+07	1947 Apr  1
+			8:00	-	+08	1955 Apr 15
+			7:00	-	+07
 
 # Jan Mayen
 # From Whitman:
-Zone Atlantic/Jan_Mayen	-1:00	-	EGT
+Zone Atlantic/Jan_Mayen	-1:00	-	-01
 
 # St Helena
 Zone Atlantic/St_Helena	-0:22:48 -	LMT	1890 # Jamestown
@@ -663,15 +663,13 @@ Zone Pacific/Johnston	-10:00	-	HST
 #  "   3:00P Ar. MIDWAY ISLAND . . . . . . . . . M.L.T. Lv. 6:00A  "
 #
 Zone Pacific/Midway	-11:49:28 -	LMT	1901
-			-11:00	-	NST	1956 Jun  3
-			-11:00	1:00	NDT	1956 Sep  2
-			-11:00	-	NST	1967 Apr    # N=Nome
-			-11:00	-	BST	1983 Nov 30 # B=Bering
-			-11:00	-	SST	            # S=Samoa
+			-11:00	-	-11	1956 Jun  3
+			-11:00	1:00	-10	1956 Sep  2
+			-11:00	-	-11
 
 # N Mariana Is
 Zone Pacific/Saipan	-14:17:00 -	LMT	1844 Dec 31
 			 9:43:00 -	LMT	1901
-			 9:00	-	MPT	1969 Oct    # N Mariana Is Time
-			10:00	-	MPT	2000 Dec 23
+			 9:00	-	+09	1969 Oct
+			10:00	-	+10	2000 Dec 23
 			10:00	-	ChST	# Chamorro Standard Time
-- 
2.9.3



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