[tz] [PROPOSED] Merge timezones that are alike since 1970
Magnus Fromreide
magfr at lysator.liu.se
Tue Jun 1 09:29:34 UTC 2021
On Thu, May 20, 2021 at 10:57:48AM -0700, Paul Eggert via tz wrote:
> On 5/10/21 1:38 AM, Paul Eggert wrote:
> > I'd like to do more tests before installing it into the development tzdb
> > repository on GitHub. Also, the patch needs a proper NEWS entry and
> > commit message before installing.
>
> I did that and installed the attached revised patch into the development
> repository.
>
> The second attachment 'adjustments.diff' attempts to records adjustments to
> this patch, compared to the patch I circulated ten days ago.
> 'adjustments.diff' is hand-edited due to merges and so is intended only for
> human consumption.
>
> The most significant adjustment was to add Link lines to 'backzone' so that
> people interested in out-of-scope pre-1970 data won't see any changes due to
> this patch. There are also some adjustments to commentary and a dependency
> fix in the Makefile.
The EU timezones are up for changes any year now - they have this stop
observing DST that is decided but was postponed to 2021 before the
pandemic struck so we will see when it actually happens.
/MF
> From 1edbb16e933a6ba6dceefd2bd7057b5ce00dd13c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
> From: Paul Eggert <eggert at cs.ucla.edu>
> Date: Wed, 19 May 2021 19:09:40 -0700
> Subject: [PROPOSED] Merge timezones that are alike since 1970
> MIME-Version: 1.0
> Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
> Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
>
> * NEWS: Describe the change and its motivation.
> * Makefile (TZS_DEPS, check_tables): Depend on YDATA, not just
> PRIMARY_YDATA, since etcetera matters here.
> * africa (Africa/Abidjan, Ghana, Africa/Accra, Indian/Reunion)
> (Indian/Mahe):
> * antarctica (Indian/Kerguelen, Antarctica/DumontDUrville)
> (Antarctica/Syowa, Antarctica/Vostok):
> * asia (Asia/Brunei, Asia/Urumqi, NBorneo, Asia/Kuala_Lumpur)
> (Asia/Kuching, Indian/Maldives, Asia/Riyadh, Asia/Bangkok)
> (Asia/Dubai):
> * australasia (Indian/Christmas, Indian/Cocos, Pacific/Gambier)
> (Pacific/Tahiti, Pacific/Tarawa, Pacific/Majuro, Pacific/Chuuk)
> (Pacific/Pohnpei, Pacific/Palau, Pacific/Port_Moresby)
> (Pacific/Guadalcanal, Pacific/Funafuti, Pacific/Wake)
> (Pacific/Wallis):
> * europe (Denmark, Europe/Copenhagen, Iceland, Atlantic/Reykjavik)
> (Lux, Europe/Luxembourg, Europe/Monaco, Neth, Europe/Amsterdam)
> (Norway, Europe/Oslo, Europe/Stockholm):
> * northamerica (America/Blanc-Sablon, America/Atikokan)
> (America/Creston, Bahamas, America/Nassau):
> * southamerica (America/La_Paz, America/Curacao, America/Cayenne)
> (Atlantic/South_Georgia, America/Port_of_Spain):
> Move these duplicate Zone entries to 'backzone', and add
> backward-compatibility links in 'backward'.
> * checktab.awk: Don’t worry about links to Etc/*.
> * theory.html: Change examples to avoid merged-away zones. Remove
> references to SET, and to Amsterdam, Bangkok, Copenhagen and Port
> Moresby Mean Times.
> * zone.tab, zone1970.tab: Change 3rd column to avoid links in
> 'backward', which might not be present.
> * zone1970.tab: Merge lines to match the above changes.
> ---
> Makefile | 6 +-
> NEWS | 17 +
> africa | 146 +-------
> antarctica | 59 +--
> asia | 170 +--------
> australasia | 101 +----
> backward | 129 +++++--
> backzone | 1011 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-
> checktab.awk | 4 +-
> etcetera | 2 +
> europe | 313 +---------------
> northamerica | 191 +---------
> southamerica | 48 +--
> theory.html | 29 +-
> zone.tab | 156 ++++----
> zone1970.tab | 80 ++--
> 16 files changed, 1314 insertions(+), 1148 deletions(-)
>
> diff --git a/Makefile b/Makefile
> index d05f828..ce018ec 100644
> --- a/Makefile
> +++ b/Makefile
> @@ -529,7 +529,7 @@ TZS_YEAR= 2050
> TZS_CUTOFF_FLAG= -c $(TZS_YEAR)
> TZS= to$(TZS_YEAR).tzs
> TZS_NEW= to$(TZS_YEAR)new.tzs
> -TZS_DEPS= $(PRIMARY_YDATA) asctime.c localtime.c \
> +TZS_DEPS= $(YDATA) asctime.c localtime.c \
> private.h tzfile.h zdump.c zic.c
> # EIGHT_YARDS is just a yard short of the whole ENCHILADA.
> EIGHT_YARDS = $(COMMON) $(DOCS) $(SOURCES) $(DATA) $(MISC) tzdata.zi
> @@ -802,9 +802,9 @@ check_links: checklinks.awk $(TDATA_TO_CHECK) tzdata.zi
> $(AWK) -f checklinks.awk tzdata.zi
> touch $@
>
> -check_tables: checktab.awk $(PRIMARY_YDATA) $(ZONETABLES)
> +check_tables: checktab.awk $(YDATA) $(ZONETABLES)
> for tab in $(ZONETABLES); do \
> - $(AWK) -f checktab.awk -v zone_table=$$tab $(PRIMARY_YDATA) \
> + $(AWK) -f checktab.awk -v zone_table=$$tab $(YDATA) \
> || exit; \
> done
> touch $@
> diff --git a/NEWS b/NEWS
> index 6d1cd09..435a40f 100644
> --- a/NEWS
> +++ b/NEWS
> @@ -26,6 +26,23 @@ Unreleased, experimental changes
> (Thanks to P Chan, Michael Deckers, Alexander Krivenyshev and
> Alois Treindl.)
>
> + Merge timezones whose timestamps agree since 1970, since pre-1970
> + timestamps are out of scope. This change does not affect
> + post-1970 timestamps, and timezone historians who build with 'make
> + PACKRATDATA=backzone' should see no changes to pre-1970 timestamps.
> + When merging, keep the most-populous location's data, and move
> + data for other locations to 'backzone' with a backward
> + compatibility link in 'backward'. Also, merge timezones with
> + neither post-1970 clock changes nor alphabetic abbreviations into
> + their Etc counterparts. For example, move the Europe/Oslo data to
> + 'backzone' with a link in 'backward' from Europe/Berlin because
> + the two timezones' timestamps agree since 1970; this change
> + affects some pre-1966 timestamps in Europe/Oslo because Berlin and
> + Oslo disagreed before 1966. For another example, move the
> + Asia/Aden data to 'backzone' with a link in 'backward' from
> + Etc/GMT-3. Affected entries range from Africa/Abidjan to
> + Pacific/Yap.
> +
> Changes to maintenance procedure
>
> The new file SECURITY covers how to report security-related bugs.
> diff --git a/africa b/africa
> index a867cc4..d842502 100644
> --- a/africa
> +++ b/africa
> @@ -105,7 +105,7 @@ Zone Africa/Algiers 0:12:12 - LMT 1891 Mar 16
> # See Africa/Maputo.
>
> # Burkina Faso
> -# See Africa/Abidjan.
> +# See Etc/GMT.
>
> # Burundi
> # See Africa/Maputo.
> @@ -147,9 +147,7 @@ Zone Africa/Ndjamena 1:00:12 - LMT 1912 # N'Djamena
> # See Africa/Lagos.
>
> # Côte d'Ivoire / Ivory Coast
> -# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
> -Zone Africa/Abidjan -0:16:08 - LMT 1912
> - 0:00 - GMT
> +# See Etc/GMT.
>
> # Djibouti
> # See Africa/Nairobi.
> @@ -370,94 +368,9 @@ Zone Africa/Cairo 2:05:09 - LMT 1900 Oct
> # See Africa/Lagos.
>
> # The Gambia
> -# See Africa/Abidjan.
> -
> # Ghana
> -
> -# From P Chan (2020-11-20):
> -# Interpretation Amendment Ordinance, 1915 (No.24 of 1915) [1915-11-02]
> -# Ordinances of the Gold Coast, Ashanti, Northern Territories 1915, p 69-71
> -# https://books.google.com/books?id=ErA-AQAAIAAJ&pg=PA70
> -# This Ordinance added "'Time' shall mean Greenwich Mean Time" to the
> -# Interpretation Ordinance, 1876.
> -#
> -# Determination of the Time Ordinance, 1919 (No. 18 of 1919) [1919-11-24]
> -# Ordinances of the Gold Coast, Ashanti, Northern Territories 1919, p 75-76
> -# https://books.google.com/books?id=MbA-AQAAIAAJ&pg=PA75
> -# This Ordinance removed the previous definition of time and introduced DST.
> -#
> -# Time Determination Ordinance (Cap. 214)
> -# The Laws of the Gold Coast (including Togoland Under British Mandate)
> -# Vol. II (1937), p 2328
> -# https://books.google.com/books?id=Z7M-AQAAIAAJ&pg=PA2328
> -# Revised edition of the 1919 Ordinance.
> -#
> -# Time Determination (Amendment) Ordinance, 1940 (No. 9 of 1940) [1940-04-06]
> -# Annual Volume of the Laws of the Gold Coast:
> -# Containing All Legislation Enacted During Year 1940, p 22
> -# https://books.google.com/books?id=1ao-AQAAIAAJ&pg=PA22
> -# This Ordinance changed the forward transition from September to May.
> -#
> -# Defence (Time Determination Ordinance Amendment) Regulations, 1942
> -# (Regulations No. 6 of 1942) [1942-01-31, commenced on 1942-02-08]
> -# Annual Volume of the Laws of the Gold Coast:
> -# Containing All Legislation Enacted During Year 1942, p 48
> -# https://books.google.com/books?id=Das-AQAAIAAJ&pg=PA48
> -# These regulations advanced the [standard] time by thirty minutes.
> -#
> -# Defence (Time Determination Ordinance Amendment (No.2)) Regulations,
> -# 1942 (Regulations No. 28 of 1942) [1942-04-25]
> -# Annual Volume of the Laws of the Gold Coast:
> -# Containing All Legislation Enacted During Year 1942, p 87
> -# https://books.google.com/books?id=Das-AQAAIAAJ&pg=PA87
> -# These regulations abolished DST and changed the time to GMT+0:30.
> -#
> -# Defence (Revocation) (No.4) Regulations, 1945 (Regulations No. 45 of
> -# 1945) [1945-10-24, commenced on 1946-01-06]
> -# Annual Volume of the Laws of the Gold Coast:
> -# Containing All Legislation Enacted During Year 1945, p 256
> -# https://books.google.com/books?id=9as-AQAAIAAJ&pg=PA256
> -# These regulations revoked the previous two sets of Regulations.
> -#
> -# Time Determination (Amendment) Ordinance, 1945 (No. 18 of 1945) [1946-01-06]
> -# Annual Volume of the Laws of the Gold Coast:
> -# Containing All Legislation Enacted During Year 1945, p 69
> -# https://books.google.com/books?id=9as-AQAAIAAJ&pg=PA69
> -# This Ordinance abolished DST.
> -#
> -# Time Determination (Amendment) Ordinance, 1950 (No. 26 of 1950) [1950-07-22]
> -# Annual Volume of the Laws of the Gold Coast:
> -# Containing All Legislation Enacted During Year 1950, p 35
> -# https://books.google.com/books?id=e60-AQAAIAAJ&pg=PA35
> -# This Ordinance restored DST but with thirty minutes offset.
> -#
> -# Time Determination Ordinance (Cap. 264)
> -# The Laws of the Gold Coast, Vol. V (1954), p 380
> -# https://books.google.com/books?id=Mqc-AQAAIAAJ&pg=PA380
> -# Revised edition of the Time Determination Ordinance.
> -#
> -# Time Determination (Amendment) Ordinance, 1956 (No. 21 of 1956) [1956-08-29]
> -# Annual Volume of the Ordinances of the Gold Coast Enacted During the
> -# Year 1956, p 83
> -# https://books.google.com/books?id=VLE-AQAAIAAJ&pg=PA83
> -# This Ordinance abolished DST.
> -
> -# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
> -Rule Ghana 1919 only - Nov 24 0:00 0:20 +0020
> -Rule Ghana 1920 1942 - Jan 1 2:00 0 GMT
> -Rule Ghana 1920 1939 - Sep 1 2:00 0:20 +0020
> -Rule Ghana 1940 1941 - May 1 2:00 0:20 +0020
> -Rule Ghana 1950 1955 - Sep 1 2:00 0:30 +0030
> -Rule Ghana 1951 1956 - Jan 1 2:00 0 GMT
> -
> -# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
> -Zone Africa/Accra -0:00:52 - LMT 1915 Nov 2
> - 0:00 Ghana %s 1942 Feb 8
> - 0:30 - +0030 1946 Jan 6
> - 0:00 Ghana %s
> -
> # Guinea
> -# See Africa/Abidjan.
> +# See Etc/GMT.
>
> # Guinea-Bissau
> #
> @@ -612,7 +525,7 @@ Zone Africa/Tripoli 0:52:44 - LMT 1920
>
> # Mali
> # Mauritania
> -# See Africa/Abidjan.
> +# See Etc/GMT.
>
> # Mauritius
>
> @@ -711,7 +624,7 @@ Zone Indian/Mauritius 3:50:00 - LMT 1907 # Port Louis
> # See Africa/Nairobi.
>
> # Morocco
> -# See the 'europe' file for Spanish Morocco (Africa/Ceuta).
> +# See Africa/Ceuta for Spanish Morocco.
>
> # From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-09):
> # Here is an article that Morocco plan to introduce Daylight Saving Time between
> @@ -1356,29 +1269,15 @@ Zone Africa/Lagos 0:13:35 - LMT 1905 Jul 1
> 1:00 - WAT
>
> # Réunion
> -# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
> -Zone Indian/Reunion 3:41:52 - LMT 1911 Jun # Saint-Denis
> - 4:00 - +04
> +# See Etc/GMT-4.
> #
> # Crozet Islands also observes Réunion time; see the 'antarctica' file.
> -#
> -# Scattered Islands (Îles Éparses) administered from Réunion are as follows.
> -# The following information about them is taken from
> -# Îles Éparses (<http://www.outre-mer.gouv.fr/domtom/ile.htm>, 1997-07-22,
> -# in French; no longer available as of 1999-08-17).
> -# We have no info about their time zone histories.
> -#
> -# Bassas da India - uninhabited
> -# Europa Island - inhabited from 1905 to 1910 by two families
> -# Glorioso Is - inhabited until at least 1958
> -# Juan de Nova - uninhabited
> -# Tromelin - inhabited until at least 1958
>
> # Rwanda
> # See Africa/Maputo.
>
> # St Helena
> -# See Africa/Abidjan.
> +# See Etc/GMT.
> # The other parts of the St Helena territory are similar:
> # Tristan da Cunha: on GMT, say Whitman and the CIA
> # Ascension: on GMT, say the USNO (1995-12-21) and the CIA
> @@ -1413,34 +1312,13 @@ Zone Africa/Sao_Tome 0:26:56 - LMT 1884
> 0:00 - GMT
>
> # Senegal
> -# See Africa/Abidjan.
> +# See Etc/GMT.
>
> # Seychelles
> -
> -# From P Chan (2020-11-27):
> -# Standard Time was adopted on 1907-01-01.
> -#
> -# Standard Time Ordinance (Chapter 237)
> -# The Laws of Seychelles in Force on the 31st December, 1971, Vol. 6, p 571
> -# https://books.google.com/books?id=efE-AQAAIAAJ&pg=PA571
> -#
> -# From Tim Parenti (2020-12-05):
> -# A footnote on https://books.google.com/books?id=DYdDAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA1689
> -# confirms that Ordinance No. 9 of 1906 "was brought into force on the 1st
> -# January, 1907."
> -
> -# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
> -Zone Indian/Mahe 3:41:48 - LMT 1907 Jan 1 # Victoria
> - 4:00 - +04
> -# From Paul Eggert (2001-05-30):
> -# Aldabra, Farquhar, and Desroches, originally dependencies of the
> -# Seychelles, were transferred to the British Indian Ocean Territory
> -# in 1965 and returned to Seychelles control in 1976. We don't know
> -# whether this affected their time zone, so omit this for now.
> -# Possibly the islands were uninhabited.
> +# See Etc/GMT-4.
>
> # Sierra Leone
> -# See Africa/Abidjan.
> +# See Etc/GMT.
>
> # Somalia
> # See Africa/Nairobi.
> @@ -1505,7 +1383,7 @@ Zone Africa/Juba 2:06:28 - LMT 1931
> # See Africa/Nairobi.
>
> # Togo
> -# See Africa/Abidjan.
> +# See Etc/GMT.
>
> # Tunisia
>
> @@ -1599,7 +1477,7 @@ Rule Tunisia 2005 only - Sep 30 1:00s 0 -
> Rule Tunisia 2006 2008 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
> Rule Tunisia 2006 2008 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 -
>
> -# See Europe/Paris for PMT-related transitions.
> +# See Europe/Paris commentary for PMT-related transitions.
> # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
> Zone Africa/Tunis 0:40:44 - LMT 1881 May 12
> 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time
> diff --git a/antarctica b/antarctica
> index ed750a8..6b100a7 100644
> --- a/antarctica
> +++ b/antarctica
> @@ -148,7 +148,7 @@ Zone Antarctica/Mawson 0 - -00 1954 Feb 13
> #
> # Alfred Faure, Possession Island, Crozet Islands, -462551+0515152, since 1964;
> # sealing & whaling stations operated variously 1802/1911+;
> -# see Indian/Reunion.
> +# see Etc/GMT-4.
> #
> # Martin-de-Viviès, Amsterdam Island, -374105+0773155, since 1950
> # Port-aux-Français, Kerguelen Islands, -492110+0701303, since 1951;
> @@ -157,22 +157,10 @@ Zone Antarctica/Mawson 0 - -00 1954 Feb 13
> # St Paul Island - near Amsterdam, uninhabited
> # fishing stations operated variously 1819/1931
> #
> -# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
> -Zone Indian/Kerguelen 0 - -00 1950 # Port-aux-Français
> - 5:00 - +05
> +# Kerguelen - see Etc/GMT-5.
> #
> # year-round base in the main continent
> -# Dumont d'Urville, Île des Pétrels, -6640+14001, since 1956-11
> -# <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dumont_d'Urville_Station> (2005-12-05)
> -#
> -# Another base at Port-Martin, 50km east, began operation in 1947.
> -# It was destroyed by fire on 1952-01-14.
> -#
> -# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
> -Zone Antarctica/DumontDUrville 0 - -00 1947
> - 10:00 - +10 1952 Jan 14
> - 0 - -00 1956 Nov
> - 10:00 - +10
> +# Dumont d'Urville - see Etc/GMT-10.
>
> # France & Italy - year-round base
> # Concordia, -750600+1232000, since 2005
> @@ -188,20 +176,7 @@ Zone Antarctica/DumontDUrville 0 - -00 1947
> # Zuchelli, Terra Nova Bay, -744140+1640647, since 1986
>
> # Japan - year-round bases
> -# Syowa (also known as Showa), -690022+0393524, since 1957
> -#
> -# From Hideyuki Suzuki (1999-02-06):
> -# In all Japanese stations, +0300 is used as the standard time.
> -#
> -# Syowa station, which is the first antarctic station of Japan,
> -# was established on 1957-01-29. Since Syowa station is still the main
> -# station of Japan, it's appropriate for the principal location.
> -# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
> -Zone Antarctica/Syowa 0 - -00 1957 Jan 29
> - 3:00 - +03
> -# See:
> -# NIPR Antarctic Research Activities (1999-08-17)
> -# http://www.nipr.ac.jp/english/ara01.html
> +# See Etc/GMT-3.
>
> # S Korea - year-round base
> # Jang Bogo, Terra Nova Bay, -743700+1641205 since 2014
> @@ -265,31 +240,7 @@ Zone Antarctica/Troll 0 - -00 2005 Feb 12
> # year-round from 1960/61 to 1992
>
> # Vostok, since 1957-12-16, temporarily closed 1994-02/1994-11
> -# From Craig Mundell (1994-12-15):
> -# http://quest.arc.nasa.gov/antarctica/QA/computers/Directions,Time,ZIP
> -# Vostok, which is one of the Russian stations, is set on the same
> -# time as Moscow, Russia.
> -#
> -# From Lee Hotz (2001-03-08):
> -# I queried the folks at Columbia who spent the summer at Vostok and this is
> -# what they had to say about time there:
> -# "in the US Camp (East Camp) we have been on New Zealand (McMurdo)
> -# time, which is 12 hours ahead of GMT. The Russian Station Vostok was
> -# 6 hours behind that (although only 2 miles away, i.e. 6 hours ahead
> -# of GMT). This is a time zone I think two hours east of Moscow. The
> -# natural time zone is in between the two: 8 hours ahead of GMT."
> -#
> -# From Paul Eggert (2001-05-04):
> -# This seems to be hopelessly confusing, so I asked Lee Hotz about it
> -# in person. He said that some Antarctic locations set their local
> -# time so that noon is the warmest part of the day, and that this
> -# changes during the year and does not necessarily correspond to mean
> -# solar noon. So the Vostok time might have been whatever the clocks
> -# happened to be during their visit. So we still don't really know what time
> -# it is at Vostok. But we'll guess +06.
> -#
> -Zone Antarctica/Vostok 0 - -00 1957 Dec 16
> - 6:00 - +06
> +# See Etc/GMT-6.
>
> # S Africa - year-round bases
> # Marion Island, -4653+03752
> diff --git a/asia b/asia
> index e2f6446..f1c3d7d 100644
> --- a/asia
> +++ b/asia
> @@ -255,10 +255,7 @@ Zone Indian/Chagos 4:49:40 - LMT 1907
> 6:00 - +06
>
> # Brunei
> -# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
> -Zone Asia/Brunei 7:39:40 - LMT 1926 Mar # Bandar Seri Begawan
> - 7:30 - +0730 1933
> - 8:00 - +08
> +# See Etc/GMT-8.
>
> # Burma / Myanmar
>
> @@ -278,7 +275,7 @@ Zone Asia/Yangon 6:24:47 - LMT 1880 # or Rangoon
> 6:30 - +0630
>
> # Cambodia
> -# See Asia/Bangkok.
> +# See Etc/GMT-7.
>
>
> # China
> @@ -534,7 +531,7 @@ Rule PRC 1987 1991 - Apr Sun>=11 2:00 1:00 D
> # In earlier versions of this file, China had many separate Zone entries, but
> # this was based on what were apparently incorrect data in Shanks & Pottenger.
> # This has now been simplified to the two entries Asia/Shanghai and
> -# Asia/Urumqi, with the others being links for backward compatibility.
> +# Etc/GMT-6, with the others being links for backward compatibility.
> # Proposed in 1918 and theoretically in effect until 1949 (although in practice
> # mainly observed in coastal areas), the five zones were:
> #
> @@ -556,7 +553,7 @@ Rule PRC 1987 1991 - Apr Sun>=11 2:00 1:00 D
> # Yangchun, Yangjiang, Yu'nan, and Yunfu.
> #
> # Xin-zang Time ("Xinjiang-Tibet Time") UT +06
> -# This region is now part of either Asia/Urumqi or Asia/Shanghai with
> +# This region is now part of either Etc/GMT-6 or Asia/Shanghai with
> # current boundaries uncertain; times before 1970 for areas that
> # disagree with Ürümqi or Shanghai are not recorded here.
> # The Gansu counties Aksay, Anxi, Dunhuang, Subei; west Qinghai;
> @@ -609,68 +606,14 @@ Rule PRC 1987 1991 - Apr Sun>=11 2:00 1:00 D
> # 2. Kashi...
> # 3. Urumqi...
> # 4. Kashgar...
> -# ...
> -# 5. It seems that Uyghurs in Ürümqi has been using Xinjiang since at least the
> -# 1960's. I know of one Han, now over 50, who grew up in the surrounding
> -# countryside and used Xinjiang time as a child.
> -#
> -# 6. Likewise for Kashgar and the rest of south Xinjiang I don't know of any
> -# start date for Xinjiang time.
> -#
> -# Without having access to local historical records, nor the ability to legally
> -# publish them, I would go with October 1, 1949, when Xinjiang became the Uyghur
> -# Autonomous Region under the PRC. (Before that Uyghurs, of course, would also
> -# not be using Beijing time, but some local time.)
> -
> -# From David Cochrane (2014-03-26):
> -# Just a confirmation that Ürümqi time was implemented in Ürümqi on 1 Feb 1986:
> -# https://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,960684,00.html
> -
> -# From Luther Ma (2014-04-22):
> -# I have interviewed numerous people of various nationalities and from
> -# different localities in Xinjiang and can confirm the information in Guo's
> -# report regarding Xinjiang, as well as the Time article reference by David
> -# Cochrane. Whether officially recognized or not (and both are officially
> -# recognized), two separate times have been in use in Xinjiang since at least
> -# the Cultural Revolution: Xinjiang Time (XJT), aka Ürümqi Time or local time;
> -# and Beijing Time. There is no confusion in Xinjiang as to which name refers
> -# to which time. Both are widely used in the province, although in some
> -# population groups might be use one to the exclusion of the other. The only
> -# problem is that computers and smart phones list Ürümqi (or Kashgar) as
> -# having the same time as Beijing.
> -
> -# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-30):
> -# In the early days of the PRC, Tibet was given its own time zone (UT +06)
> -# but this was withdrawn in 1959 and never reinstated; see Tubten Khétsun,
> -# Memories of life in Lhasa under Chinese Rule, Columbia U Press, ISBN
> -# 978-0231142861 (2008), translator's introduction by Matthew Akester, p x.
> -# As this is before our 1970 cutoff, Tibet doesn't need a separate zone.
> -#
> -# Xinjiang Time is well-documented as being officially recognized. E.g., see
> -# "The Working-Calendar for The Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Government"
> -# <http://www.sinkiang.gov.cn/service/ourworking/> (2014-04-22).
> -# Unfortunately, we have no good records of time in Xinjiang before 1986.
> -# During the 20th century parts of Xinjiang were ruled by the Qing dynasty,
> -# the Republic of China, various warlords, the First and Second East Turkestan
> -# Republics, the Soviet Union, the Kuomintang, and the People's Republic of
> -# China, and tracking down all these organizations' timekeeping rules would be
> -# quite a trick. Approximate this lost history by a transition from LMT to
> -# UT +06 at the start of 1928, the year of accession of the warlord Jin Shuren,
> -# which happens to be the date given by Shanks & Pottenger (no doubt as a
> -# guess) as the transition from LMT. Ignore the usage of +08 before
> -# 1986-02-01 under the theory that the transition date to +08 is unknown and
> -# that the sort of users who prefer Asia/Urumqi now typically ignored the
> -# +08 mandate back then.
>
> # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
> # Beijing time, used throughout China; represented by Shanghai.
> Zone Asia/Shanghai 8:05:43 - LMT 1901
> 8:00 Shang C%sT 1949 May 28
> 8:00 PRC C%sT
> -# Xinjiang time, used by many in western China; represented by Ürümqi / Ürümchi
> -# / Wulumuqi. (Please use Asia/Shanghai if you prefer Beijing time.)
> -Zone Asia/Urumqi 5:50:20 - LMT 1928
> - 6:00 - +06
> +# See Etc/GMT-6 for Xinjiang time, used by many in western China.
> +# (Please use Asia/Shanghai if you prefer Beijing time.)
>
>
> # Hong Kong
> @@ -2693,10 +2636,10 @@ Zone Asia/Pyongyang 8:23:00 - LMT 1908 Apr 1
> ###############################################################################
>
> # Kuwait
> -# See Asia/Riyadh.
> +# See Etc/GMT-3.
>
> # Laos
> -# See Asia/Bangkok.
> +# See Etc/GMT-7.
>
>
> # Lebanon
> @@ -2730,39 +2673,12 @@ Zone Asia/Beirut 2:22:00 - LMT 1880
> 2:00 Lebanon EE%sT
>
> # Malaysia
> -# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
> -Rule NBorneo 1935 1941 - Sep 14 0:00 0:20 -
> -Rule NBorneo 1935 1941 - Dec 14 0:00 0 -
> -#
> -# peninsular Malaysia
> -# taken from Mok Ly Yng (2003-10-30)
> -# http://www.math.nus.edu.sg/aslaksen/teaching/timezone.html
> -# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
> -Zone Asia/Kuala_Lumpur 6:46:46 - LMT 1901 Jan 1
> - 6:55:25 - SMT 1905 Jun 1 # Singapore M.T.
> - 7:00 - +07 1933 Jan 1
> - 7:00 0:20 +0720 1936 Jan 1
> - 7:20 - +0720 1941 Sep 1
> - 7:30 - +0730 1942 Feb 16
> - 9:00 - +09 1945 Sep 12
> - 7:30 - +0730 1982 Jan 1
> - 8:00 - +08
> -# Sabah & Sarawak
> -# From Paul Eggert (2014-08-12):
> -# The data entries here are mostly from Shanks & Pottenger, but the 1942, 1945
> -# and 1982 transition dates are from Mok Ly Yng.
> -# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
> -Zone Asia/Kuching 7:21:20 - LMT 1926 Mar
> - 7:30 - +0730 1933
> - 8:00 NBorneo +08/+0820 1942 Feb 16
> - 9:00 - +09 1945 Sep 12
> - 8:00 - +08
> +# For peninsular Malaysia see Asia/Singapore.
> +# For Sabah & Sarawak see Etc/GMT-8.
>
> # Maldives
> -# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
> -Zone Indian/Maldives 4:54:00 - LMT 1880 # Malé
> - 4:54:00 - MMT 1960 # Malé Mean Time
> - 5:00 - +05
> +# See Etc/GMT-5.
> +
>
> # Mongolia
>
> @@ -2926,7 +2842,7 @@ Zone Asia/Kathmandu 5:41:16 - LMT 1920
> 5:45 - +0545
>
> # Oman
> -# See Asia/Dubai.
> +# See Etc/GMT-4.
>
> # Pakistan
>
> @@ -3523,54 +3439,11 @@ Zone Asia/Qatar 3:26:08 - LMT 1920 # Al Dawhah / Doha
> 3:00 - +03
>
> # Saudi Arabia
> -#
> -# From Paul Eggert (2018-08-29):
> -# Time in Saudi Arabia and other countries in the Arabian peninsula was not
> -# standardized until 1968 or so; we don't know exactly when, and possibly it
> -# has never been made official. Richard P Hunt, in "Islam city yielding to
> -# modern times", New York Times (1961-04-09), p 20, wrote that only airlines
> -# observed standard time, and that people in Jeddah mostly observed quasi-solar
> -# time, doing so by setting their watches at sunrise to 6 o'clock (or to 12
> -# o'clock for "Arab" time).
> -#
> -# Timekeeping differed depending on who you were and which part of Saudi
> -# Arabia you were in. In 1969, Elias Antar wrote that although a common
> -# practice had been to set one's watch to 12:00 (i.e., midnight) at sunset -
> -# which meant that the time on one side of a mountain could differ greatly from
> -# the time on the other side - many foreigners set their watches to 6pm
> -# instead, while airlines instead used UTC +03 (except in Dhahran, where they
> -# used UTC +04), Aramco used UTC +03 with DST, and the Trans-Arabian Pipe Line
> -# Company used Aramco time in eastern Saudi Arabia and airline time in western.
> -# (The American Military Aid Advisory Group used plain UTC.) Antar writes,
> -# "A man named Higgins, so the story goes, used to run a local power
> -# station. One day, the whole thing became too much for Higgins and he
> -# assembled his staff and laid down the law. 'I've had enough of this,' he
> -# shrieked. 'It is now 12 o'clock Higgins Time, and from now on this station is
> -# going to run on Higgins Time.' And so, until last year, it did." See:
> -# Antar E. Dinner at When? Saudi Aramco World, 1969 March/April. 2-3.
> -# http://archive.aramcoworld.com/issue/196902/dinner.at.when.htm
> -# Also see: Antar EN. Arabian flying is confusing.
> -# Port Angeles (WA) Evening News. 1965-03-10. page 3.
> -#
> -# The TZ database cannot represent quasi-solar time; airline time is the best
> -# we can do. The 1946 foreign air news digest of the U.S. Civil Aeronautics
> -# Board (OCLC 42299995) reported that the "... Arabian Government, inaugurated
> -# a weekly Dhahran-Cairo service, via the Saudi Arabian cities of Riyadh and
> -# Jidda, on March 14, 1947". Shanks & Pottenger guessed 1950; go with the
> -# earlier date.
> -#
> -# Shanks & Pottenger also state that until 1968-05-01 Saudi Arabia had two
> -# time zones; the other zone, at UT +04, was in the far eastern part of
> -# the country. Presumably this is documenting airline time. Ignore this,
> -# as it's before our 1970 cutoff.
> -#
> -# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
> -Zone Asia/Riyadh 3:06:52 - LMT 1947 Mar 14
> - 3:00 - +03
> +# See Etc/GMT-3.
>
> # Singapore
> # taken from Mok Ly Yng (2003-10-30)
> -# http://www.math.nus.edu.sg/aslaksen/teaching/timezone.html
> +# https://web.archive.org/web/20190822231045/http://www.math.nus.edu.sg/~mathelmr/teaching/timezone.html
> # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
> Zone Asia/Singapore 6:55:25 - LMT 1901 Jan 1
> 6:55:25 - SMT 1905 Jun 1 # Singapore M.T.
> @@ -3819,10 +3692,7 @@ Zone Asia/Dushanbe 4:35:12 - LMT 1924 May 2
> 5:00 - +05
>
> # Thailand
> -# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
> -Zone Asia/Bangkok 6:42:04 - LMT 1880
> - 6:42:04 - BMT 1920 Apr # Bangkok Mean Time
> - 7:00 - +07
> +# See Etc/GMT-7.
>
> # Turkmenistan
> # From Shanks & Pottenger.
> @@ -3834,9 +3704,7 @@ Zone Asia/Ashgabat 3:53:32 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Ashkhabad
> 5:00 - +05
>
> # United Arab Emirates
> -# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
> -Zone Asia/Dubai 3:41:12 - LMT 1920
> - 4:00 - +04
> +# See Etc/GMT-4.
>
> # Uzbekistan
> # Byalokoz 1919 says Uzbekistan was 4:27:53.
> @@ -3926,9 +3794,9 @@ Zone Asia/Ho_Chi_Minh 7:06:40 - LMT 1906 Jul 1
> # details are unknown and would likely be too voluminous for this database.
> #
> # For timestamps in north Vietnam back to 1970 (the tzdb cutoff),
> -# use Asia/Bangkok; see the VN entries in the file zone1970.tab.
> +# use Etc/GMT-7; see the VN entries in the file zone1970.tab.
> # For timestamps before 1970, see Asia/Hanoi in the file 'backzone'.
>
>
> # Yemen
> -# See Asia/Riyadh.
> +# See Etc/GMT-3.
> diff --git a/australasia b/australasia
> index 18dfd93..9d3cd2f 100644
> --- a/australasia
> +++ b/australasia
> @@ -252,16 +252,10 @@ Zone Antarctica/Macquarie 0 - -00 1899 Nov
> 10:00 AT AE%sT
>
> # Christmas
> -# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
> -Zone Indian/Christmas 7:02:52 - LMT 1895 Feb
> - 7:00 - +07
> +# See Etc/GMT-7.
>
> # Cocos (Keeling) Is
> -# These islands were ruled by the Ross family from about 1830 to 1978.
> -# We don't know when standard time was introduced; for now, we guess 1900.
> -# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
> -Zone Indian/Cocos 6:27:40 - LMT 1900
> - 6:30 - +0630
> +# See Asia/Yangon.
>
>
> # Fiji
> @@ -409,12 +403,9 @@ Zone Pacific/Fiji 11:55:44 - LMT 1915 Oct 26 # Suva
>
> # French Polynesia
> # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
> -Zone Pacific/Gambier -8:59:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Rikitea
> - -9:00 - -09
> Zone Pacific/Marquesas -9:18:00 - LMT 1912 Oct
> -9:30 - -0930
> -Zone Pacific/Tahiti -9:58:16 - LMT 1912 Oct # Papeete
> - -10:00 - -10
> +# See Etc/GMT+9 for the Gambier Islands and Etc/GMT+10 for the Society Islands.
> # Clipperton (near North America) is administered from French Polynesia;
> # it is uninhabited.
>
> @@ -460,9 +451,8 @@ Zone Pacific/Guam -14:21:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31
> 10:00 - ChST # Chamorro Standard Time
>
> # Kiribati
> +# See Etc/GMT-12 for the Gilbert Islands.
> # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
> -Zone Pacific/Tarawa 11:32:04 - LMT 1901 # Bairiki
> - 12:00 - +12
> Zone Pacific/Enderbury -11:24:20 - LMT 1901
> -12:00 - -12 1979 Oct
> -11:00 - -11 1994 Dec 31
> @@ -476,15 +466,8 @@ Zone Pacific/Kiritimati -10:29:20 - LMT 1901
> # See Pacific/Guam.
>
> # Marshall Is
> +# See Etc/GMT-12 for most locations.
> # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
> -Zone Pacific/Majuro 11:24:48 - LMT 1901
> - 11:00 - +11 1914 Oct
> - 9:00 - +09 1919 Feb 1
> - 11:00 - +11 1937
> - 10:00 - +10 1941 Apr 1
> - 9:00 - +09 1944 Jan 30
> - 11:00 - +11 1969 Oct
> - 12:00 - +12
> Zone Pacific/Kwajalein 11:09:20 - LMT 1901
> 11:00 - +11 1937
> 10:00 - +10 1941 Apr 1
> @@ -494,22 +477,9 @@ Zone Pacific/Kwajalein 11:09:20 - LMT 1901
> 12:00 - +12
>
> # Micronesia
> +# For Chuuk and Yap see Etc/GMT-10.
> +# For Pohnpei see Etc/GMT-11.
> # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
> -Zone Pacific/Chuuk -13:52:52 - LMT 1844 Dec 31
> - 10:07:08 - LMT 1901
> - 10:00 - +10 1914 Oct
> - 9:00 - +09 1919 Feb 1
> - 10:00 - +10 1941 Apr 1
> - 9:00 - +09 1945 Aug
> - 10:00 - +10
> -Zone Pacific/Pohnpei -13:27:08 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 # Kolonia
> - 10:32:52 - LMT 1901
> - 11:00 - +11 1914 Oct
> - 9:00 - +09 1919 Feb 1
> - 11:00 - +11 1937
> - 10:00 - +10 1941 Apr 1
> - 9:00 - +09 1945 Aug
> - 11:00 - +11
> Zone Pacific/Kosrae -13:08:04 - LMT 1844 Dec 31
> 10:51:56 - LMT 1901
> 11:00 - +11 1914 Oct
> @@ -658,16 +628,10 @@ Zone Pacific/Norfolk 11:11:52 - LMT 1901 # Kingston
> 11:00 AN +11/+12
>
> # Palau (Belau)
> -# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
> -Zone Pacific/Palau -15:02:04 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 # Koror
> - 8:57:56 - LMT 1901
> - 9:00 - +09
> +# See Etc/GMT-9.
>
> # Papua New Guinea
> -# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
> -Zone Pacific/Port_Moresby 9:48:40 - LMT 1880
> - 9:48:32 - PMMT 1895 # Port Moresby Mean Time
> - 10:00 - +10
> +# See Etc/GMT-10 for most locations.
> #
> # From Paul Eggert (2014-10-13):
> # Base the Bougainville entry on the Arawa-Kieta region, which appears to have
> @@ -787,9 +751,8 @@ Zone Pacific/Apia 12:33:04 - LMT 1892 Jul 5
>
> # Solomon Is
> # excludes Bougainville, for which see Papua New Guinea
> -# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
> -Zone Pacific/Guadalcanal 10:39:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Honiara
> - 11:00 - +11
> +# See Etc/GMT-11.
> +
>
> # Tokelau
> #
> @@ -830,9 +793,7 @@ Zone Pacific/Tongatapu 12:19:12 - LMT 1945 Sep 10
> 13:00 Tonga +13/+14
>
> # Tuvalu
> -# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
> -Zone Pacific/Funafuti 11:56:52 - LMT 1901
> - 12:00 - +12
> +# See Etc/GMT-12.
>
>
> # US minor outlying islands
> @@ -891,9 +852,7 @@ Zone Pacific/Funafuti 11:56:52 - LMT 1901
> # uninhabited since World War II; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati
>
> # Wake
> -# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
> -Zone Pacific/Wake 11:06:28 - LMT 1901
> - 12:00 - +12
> +# See Etc/GMT-12.
>
>
> # Vanuatu
> @@ -932,9 +891,7 @@ Zone Pacific/Efate 11:13:16 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 # Vila
> 11:00 Vanuatu +11/+12
>
> # Wallis and Futuna
> -# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
> -Zone Pacific/Wallis 12:15:20 - LMT 1901
> - 12:00 - +12
> +# See Etc/GMT-12.
>
> ###############################################################################
>
> @@ -1834,13 +1791,6 @@ Zone Pacific/Wallis 12:15:20 - LMT 1901
> # Like the Ladrones (see Guam commentary), assume the Spanish East Indies
> # kept American time until the Philippines switched at the end of 1844.
>
> -# Alan Eugene Davis writes (1996-03-16),
> -# "I am certain, having lived there for the past decade, that 'Truk'
> -# (now properly known as Chuuk) ... is in the time zone GMT+10."
> -#
> -# Shanks & Pottenger write that Truk switched from UT +10 to +11
> -# on 1978-10-01; ignore this for now.
> -
> # From Paul Eggert (1999-10-29):
> # The Federated States of Micronesia Visitors Board writes in
> # The Federated States of Micronesia - Visitor Information (1999-01-26)
> @@ -2001,9 +1951,6 @@ Zone Pacific/Wallis 12:15:20 - LMT 1901
> # From Michael Deckers (2019-08-14):
> # https://www.legislation.gov.au/Details/F2019C00010
>
> -# Palau
> -# See commentary for Micronesia.
> -
> # Pitcairn
>
> # From Rives McDow (1999-11-08):
> @@ -2173,26 +2120,6 @@ Zone Pacific/Wallis 12:15:20 - LMT 1901
> # For now, guess that DST is discontinued. That's what the IATA is guessing.
>
>
> -# Wake
> -
> -# From Vernice Anderson, Personal Secretary to Philip Jessup,
> -# US Ambassador At Large (oral history interview, 1971-02-02):
> -#
> -# Saturday, the 14th [of October, 1950] - ... The time was all the
> -# more confusing at that point, because we had crossed the
> -# International Date Line, thus getting two Sundays. Furthermore, we
> -# discovered that Wake Island had two hours of daylight saving time
> -# making calculation of time in Washington difficult if not almost
> -# impossible.
> -#
> -# https://www.trumanlibrary.org/oralhist/andrsonv.htm
> -
> -# From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23):
> -# We have no other report of DST in Wake Island, so omit this info for now.
> -
> -# See also the commentary for Micronesia.
> -
> -
> ###############################################################################
>
> # The International Date Line
> diff --git a/backward b/backward
> index 9b5e6d0..0d9ecfa 100644
> --- a/backward
> +++ b/backward
> @@ -5,30 +5,35 @@
>
> # This file provides links between current names for timezones
> # and their old names. Many names changed in late 1993.
> +# Many others were moved here in 2021. Several of these names are
> +# also present in the file 'backzone', which has data important only
> +# for pre-1970 timestamps and so is out of scope for tzdb proper.
>
> # Link TARGET LINK-NAME
> +Link Etc/GMT Africa/Abidjan
> +Link Etc/GMT Africa/Accra
> Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Addis_Ababa
> Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Asmara
> Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Asmera
> -Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Bamako
> +Link Etc/GMT Africa/Bamako
> Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Bangui
> -Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Banjul
> +Link Etc/GMT Africa/Banjul
> Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Blantyre
> Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Brazzaville
> Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Bujumbura
> -Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Conakry
> -Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Dakar
> +Link Etc/GMT Africa/Conakry
> +Link Etc/GMT Africa/Dakar
> Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Dar_es_Salaam
> Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Djibouti
> Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Douala
> -Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Freetown
> +Link Etc/GMT Africa/Freetown
> Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Gaborone
> Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Harare
> Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Kampala
> Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Kigali
> Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Kinshasa
> Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Libreville
> -Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Lome
> +Link Etc/GMT Africa/Lome
> Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Luanda
> Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Lubumbashi
> Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Lusaka
> @@ -37,75 +42,95 @@ Link Africa/Johannesburg Africa/Maseru
> Link Africa/Johannesburg Africa/Mbabane
> Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Mogadishu
> Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Niamey
> -Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Nouakchott
> -Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Ouagadougou
> +Link Etc/GMT Africa/Nouakchott
> +Link Etc/GMT Africa/Ouagadougou
> Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Porto-Novo
> -Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Timbuktu
> -Link America/Port_of_Spain America/Anguilla
> -Link America/Port_of_Spain America/Antigua
> +Link Etc/GMT Africa/Timbuktu
> +Link America/Puerto_Rico America/Anguilla
> +Link America/Puerto_Rico America/Antigua
> Link America/Argentina/Catamarca America/Argentina/ComodRivadavia
> -Link America/Curacao America/Aruba
> +Link America/Puerto_Rico America/Aruba
> +Link America/Panama America/Atikokan
> Link America/Adak America/Atka
> +Link America/Puerto_Rico America/Blanc-Sablon
> Link America/Argentina/Buenos_Aires America/Buenos_Aires
> Link America/Argentina/Catamarca America/Catamarca
> +Link Etc/GMT+3 America/Cayenne
> Link America/Panama America/Cayman
> -Link America/Atikokan America/Coral_Harbour
> +Link America/Panama America/Coral_Harbour
> Link America/Argentina/Cordoba America/Cordoba
> -Link America/Port_of_Spain America/Dominica
> +Link America/Phoenix America/Creston
> +Link America/Puerto_Rico America/Curacao
> +Link America/Puerto_Rico America/Dominica
> Link America/Tijuana America/Ensenada
> Link America/Indiana/Indianapolis America/Fort_Wayne
> Link America/Nuuk America/Godthab
> -Link America/Port_of_Spain America/Grenada
> -Link America/Port_of_Spain America/Guadeloupe
> +Link America/Puerto_Rico America/Grenada
> +Link America/Puerto_Rico America/Guadeloupe
> Link America/Indiana/Indianapolis America/Indianapolis
> Link America/Argentina/Jujuy America/Jujuy
> Link America/Indiana/Knox America/Knox_IN
> -Link America/Curacao America/Kralendijk
> +Link America/Puerto_Rico America/Kralendijk
> +Link Etc/GMT+4 America/La_Paz
> Link America/Kentucky/Louisville America/Louisville
> -Link America/Curacao America/Lower_Princes
> -Link America/Port_of_Spain America/Marigot
> +Link America/Puerto_Rico America/Lower_Princes
> +Link America/Puerto_Rico America/Marigot
> Link America/Argentina/Mendoza America/Mendoza
> Link America/Toronto America/Montreal
> -Link America/Port_of_Spain America/Montserrat
> +Link America/Puerto_Rico America/Montserrat
> +Link America/Toronto America/Nassau
> +Link America/Puerto_Rico America/Port_of_Spain
> Link America/Rio_Branco America/Porto_Acre
> Link America/Argentina/Cordoba America/Rosario
> Link America/Tijuana America/Santa_Isabel
> Link America/Denver America/Shiprock
> -Link America/Port_of_Spain America/St_Barthelemy
> -Link America/Port_of_Spain America/St_Kitts
> -Link America/Port_of_Spain America/St_Lucia
> -Link America/Port_of_Spain America/St_Thomas
> -Link America/Port_of_Spain America/St_Vincent
> -Link America/Port_of_Spain America/Tortola
> -Link America/Port_of_Spain America/Virgin
> +Link America/Puerto_Rico America/St_Barthelemy
> +Link America/Puerto_Rico America/St_Kitts
> +Link America/Puerto_Rico America/St_Lucia
> +Link America/Puerto_Rico America/St_Thomas
> +Link America/Puerto_Rico America/St_Vincent
> +Link America/Puerto_Rico America/Tortola
> +Link America/Puerto_Rico America/Virgin
> +Link Etc/GMT-10 Antarctica/DumontDUrville
> Link Pacific/Auckland Antarctica/McMurdo
> Link Pacific/Auckland Antarctica/South_Pole
> -Link Europe/Oslo Arctic/Longyearbyen
> -Link Asia/Riyadh Asia/Aden
> +Link Etc/GMT-3 Antarctica/Syowa
> +Link Etc/GMT-6 Antarctica/Vostok
> +Link Europe/Berlin Arctic/Longyearbyen
> +Link Etc/GMT-3 Asia/Aden
> Link Asia/Ashgabat Asia/Ashkhabad
> Link Asia/Qatar Asia/Bahrain
> +Link Etc/GMT-7 Asia/Bangkok
> +Link Etc/GMT-8 Asia/Brunei
> Link Asia/Kolkata Asia/Calcutta
> Link Asia/Shanghai Asia/Chongqing
> Link Asia/Shanghai Asia/Chungking
> Link Asia/Dhaka Asia/Dacca
> +Link Etc/GMT-4 Asia/Dubai
> Link Asia/Shanghai Asia/Harbin
> Link Europe/Istanbul Asia/Istanbul
> -Link Asia/Urumqi Asia/Kashgar
> +Link Etc/GMT-6 Asia/Kashgar
> Link Asia/Kathmandu Asia/Katmandu
> -Link Asia/Riyadh Asia/Kuwait
> +Link Asia/Singapore Asia/Kuala_Lumpur
> +Link Etc/GMT-8 Asia/Kuching
> +Link Etc/GMT-3 Asia/Kuwait
> Link Asia/Macau Asia/Macao
> -Link Asia/Dubai Asia/Muscat
> -Link Asia/Bangkok Asia/Phnom_Penh
> +Link Etc/GMT-4 Asia/Muscat
> +Link Etc/GMT-7 Asia/Phnom_Penh
> Link Asia/Yangon Asia/Rangoon
> +Link Etc/GMT-3 Asia/Riyadh
> Link Asia/Ho_Chi_Minh Asia/Saigon
> Link Asia/Jerusalem Asia/Tel_Aviv
> Link Asia/Thimphu Asia/Thimbu
> Link Asia/Makassar Asia/Ujung_Pandang
> Link Asia/Ulaanbaatar Asia/Ulan_Bator
> -Link Asia/Bangkok Asia/Vientiane
> +Link Etc/GMT-6 Asia/Urumqi
> +Link Etc/GMT-7 Asia/Vientiane
> Link Atlantic/Faroe Atlantic/Faeroe
> -Link Europe/Oslo Atlantic/Jan_Mayen
> -Link Africa/Abidjan Atlantic/St_Helena
> +Link Europe/Berlin Atlantic/Jan_Mayen
> +Link Etc/GMT Atlantic/Reykjavik
> +Link Etc/GMT+2 Atlantic/South_Georgia
> +Link Etc/GMT Atlantic/St_Helena
> Link Australia/Sydney Australia/ACT
> Link Australia/Sydney Australia/Canberra
> Link Australia/Hobart Australia/Currie
> @@ -139,19 +164,25 @@ Link America/Havana Cuba
> Link Africa/Cairo Egypt
> Link Europe/Dublin Eire
> Link Etc/UTC Etc/UCT
> +Link Europe/Brussels Europe/Amsterdam
> Link Europe/London Europe/Belfast
> Link Europe/Prague Europe/Bratislava
> Link Europe/Zurich Europe/Busingen
> +Link Europe/Berlin Europe/Copenhagen
> Link Europe/London Europe/Guernsey
> Link Europe/London Europe/Isle_of_Man
> Link Europe/London Europe/Jersey
> Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Ljubljana
> +Link Europe/Brussels Europe/Luxembourg
> Link Europe/Helsinki Europe/Mariehamn
> +Link Europe/Paris Europe/Monaco
> Link Asia/Nicosia Europe/Nicosia
> +Link Europe/Berlin Europe/Oslo
> Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Podgorica
> Link Europe/Rome Europe/San_Marino
> Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Sarajevo
> Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Skopje
> +Link Europe/Berlin Europe/Stockholm
> Link Europe/Chisinau Europe/Tiraspol
> Link Europe/Zurich Europe/Vaduz
> Link Europe/Rome Europe/Vatican
> @@ -163,10 +194,16 @@ Link Etc/GMT GMT-0
> Link Etc/GMT GMT0
> Link Etc/GMT Greenwich
> Link Asia/Hong_Kong Hongkong
> -Link Atlantic/Reykjavik Iceland
> +Link Etc/GMT Iceland
> Link Africa/Nairobi Indian/Antananarivo
> +Link Etc/GMT-7 Indian/Christmas
> +Link Asia/Yangon Indian/Cocos
> Link Africa/Nairobi Indian/Comoro
> +Link Etc/GMT-5 Indian/Kerguelen
> +Link Etc/GMT-4 Indian/Mahe
> +Link Etc/GMT-5 Indian/Maldives
> Link Africa/Nairobi Indian/Mayotte
> +Link Etc/GMT-4 Indian/Reunion
> Link Asia/Tehran Iran
> Link Asia/Jerusalem Israel
> Link America/Jamaica Jamaica
> @@ -180,13 +217,25 @@ Link Pacific/Auckland NZ
> Link Pacific/Chatham NZ-CHAT
> Link America/Denver Navajo
> Link Asia/Shanghai PRC
> +Link Etc/GMT-10 Pacific/Chuuk
> +Link Etc/GMT-12 Pacific/Funafuti
> +Link Etc/GMT+9 Pacific/Gambier
> +Link Etc/GMT-11 Pacific/Guadalcanal
> Link Pacific/Honolulu Pacific/Johnston
> +Link Etc/GMT-12 Pacific/Majuro
> Link Pacific/Pago_Pago Pacific/Midway
> -Link Pacific/Pohnpei Pacific/Ponape
> +Link Etc/GMT-9 Pacific/Palau
> +Link Etc/GMT-11 Pacific/Pohnpei
> +Link Etc/GMT-11 Pacific/Ponape
> +Link Etc/GMT-10 Pacific/Port_Moresby
> Link Pacific/Guam Pacific/Saipan
> Link Pacific/Pago_Pago Pacific/Samoa
> -Link Pacific/Chuuk Pacific/Truk
> -Link Pacific/Chuuk Pacific/Yap
> +Link Etc/GMT+10 Pacific/Tahiti
> +Link Etc/GMT-12 Pacific/Tarawa
> +Link Etc/GMT-10 Pacific/Truk
> +Link Etc/GMT-12 Pacific/Wake
> +Link Etc/GMT-12 Pacific/Wallis
> +Link Etc/GMT-10 Pacific/Yap
> Link Europe/Warsaw Poland
> Link Europe/Lisbon Portugal
> Link Asia/Taipei ROC
> diff --git a/backzone b/backzone
> index 8e4f97a..b58f4d8 100644
> --- a/backzone
> +++ b/backzone
> @@ -68,6 +68,96 @@
> #
> # As explained in the zic man page, the zone columns are:
> # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
> +# and the rule columns are:
> +# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
> +
> +
> +# Côte d'Ivoire / Ivory Coast
> +Zone Africa/Abidjan -0:16:08 - LMT 1912
> + 0:00 - GMT
> +
> +
> +# Ghana
> +
> +# From P Chan (2020-11-20):
> +# Interpretation Amendment Ordinance, 1915 (No.24 of 1915) [1915-11-02]
> +# Ordinances of the Gold Coast, Ashanti, Northern Territories 1915, p 69-71
> +# https://books.google.com/books?id=ErA-AQAAIAAJ&pg=PA70
> +# This Ordinance added "'Time' shall mean Greenwich Mean Time" to the
> +# Interpretation Ordinance, 1876.
> +#
> +# Determination of the Time Ordinance, 1919 (No. 18 of 1919) [1919-11-24]
> +# Ordinances of the Gold Coast, Ashanti, Northern Territories 1919, p 75-76
> +# https://books.google.com/books?id=MbA-AQAAIAAJ&pg=PA75
> +# This Ordinance removed the previous definition of time and introduced DST.
> +#
> +# Time Determination Ordinance (Cap. 214)
> +# The Laws of the Gold Coast (including Togoland Under British Mandate)
> +# Vol. II (1937), p 2328
> +# https://books.google.com/books?id=Z7M-AQAAIAAJ&pg=PA2328
> +# Revised edition of the 1919 Ordinance.
> +#
> +# Time Determination (Amendment) Ordinance, 1940 (No. 9 of 1940) [1940-04-06]
> +# Annual Volume of the Laws of the Gold Coast:
> +# Containing All Legislation Enacted During Year 1940, p 22
> +# https://books.google.com/books?id=1ao-AQAAIAAJ&pg=PA22
> +# This Ordinance changed the forward transition from September to May.
> +#
> +# Defence (Time Determination Ordinance Amendment) Regulations, 1942
> +# (Regulations No. 6 of 1942) [1942-01-31, commenced on 1942-02-08]
> +# Annual Volume of the Laws of the Gold Coast:
> +# Containing All Legislation Enacted During Year 1942, p 48
> +# https://books.google.com/books?id=Das-AQAAIAAJ&pg=PA48
> +# These regulations advanced the [standard] time by thirty minutes.
> +#
> +# Defence (Time Determination Ordinance Amendment (No.2)) Regulations,
> +# 1942 (Regulations No. 28 of 1942) [1942-04-25]
> +# Annual Volume of the Laws of the Gold Coast:
> +# Containing All Legislation Enacted During Year 1942, p 87
> +# https://books.google.com/books?id=Das-AQAAIAAJ&pg=PA87
> +# These regulations abolished DST and changed the time to GMT+0:30.
> +#
> +# Defence (Revocation) (No.4) Regulations, 1945 (Regulations No. 45 of
> +# 1945) [1945-10-24, commenced on 1946-01-06]
> +# Annual Volume of the Laws of the Gold Coast:
> +# Containing All Legislation Enacted During Year 1945, p 256
> +# https://books.google.com/books?id=9as-AQAAIAAJ&pg=PA256
> +# These regulations revoked the previous two sets of Regulations.
> +#
> +# Time Determination (Amendment) Ordinance, 1945 (No. 18 of 1945) [1946-01-06]
> +# Annual Volume of the Laws of the Gold Coast:
> +# Containing All Legislation Enacted During Year 1945, p 69
> +# https://books.google.com/books?id=9as-AQAAIAAJ&pg=PA69
> +# This Ordinance abolished DST.
> +#
> +# Time Determination (Amendment) Ordinance, 1950 (No. 26 of 1950) [1950-07-22]
> +# Annual Volume of the Laws of the Gold Coast:
> +# Containing All Legislation Enacted During Year 1950, p 35
> +# https://books.google.com/books?id=e60-AQAAIAAJ&pg=PA35
> +# This Ordinance restored DST but with thirty minutes offset.
> +#
> +# Time Determination Ordinance (Cap. 264)
> +# The Laws of the Gold Coast, Vol. V (1954), p 380
> +# https://books.google.com/books?id=Mqc-AQAAIAAJ&pg=PA380
> +# Revised edition of the Time Determination Ordinance.
> +#
> +# Time Determination (Amendment) Ordinance, 1956 (No. 21 of 1956) [1956-08-29]
> +# Annual Volume of the Ordinances of the Gold Coast Enacted During the
> +# Year 1956, p 83
> +# https://books.google.com/books?id=VLE-AQAAIAAJ&pg=PA83
> +# This Ordinance abolished DST.
> +
> +Rule Ghana 1919 only - Nov 24 0:00 0:20 +0020
> +Rule Ghana 1920 1942 - Jan 1 2:00 0 GMT
> +Rule Ghana 1920 1939 - Sep 1 2:00 0:20 +0020
> +Rule Ghana 1940 1941 - May 1 2:00 0:20 +0020
> +Rule Ghana 1950 1955 - Sep 1 2:00 0:30 +0030
> +Rule Ghana 1951 1956 - Jan 1 2:00 0 GMT
> +
> +Zone Africa/Accra -0:00:52 - LMT 1915 Nov 2
> + 0:00 Ghana %s 1942 Feb 8
> + 0:30 - +0030 1946 Jan 6
> + 0:00 Ghana %s
>
> # Ethiopia
> # From Paul Eggert (2014-07-31):
> @@ -201,7 +291,6 @@ Zone Africa/Douala 0:38:48 - LMT 1912
> # https://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2021-February/029866.html
> # Go with the above.
>
> -# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
> Rule SL 1932 only - Dec 1 0:00 0:20 -0040
> Rule SL 1933 1938 - Mar 31 24:00 0 -01
> Rule SL 1933 1939 - Aug 31 24:00 0:20 -0040
> @@ -350,6 +439,90 @@ Zone America/Aruba -4:40:24 - LMT 1912 Feb 12 # Oranjestad
> -4:30 - -0430 1965
> -4:00 - AST
>
> +# Atikokan, Ontario
> +
> +# From Paul Eggert (1997-10-17):
> +# Mark Brader writes that an article in the 1997-10-14 Toronto Star
> +# says that Atikokan, Ontario currently does not observe DST,
> +# but will vote on 11-10 whether to use EST/EDT.
> +# He also writes that the Ontario Time Act (1990, Chapter T.9)
> +# http://www.gov.on.ca/MBS/english/publications/statregs/conttext.html
> +# says that Ontario east of 90W uses EST/EDT, and west of 90W uses CST/CDT.
> +# Officially Atikokan is therefore on CST/CDT, and most likely this report
> +# concerns a non-official time observed as a matter of local practice.
> +#
> +# From Paul Eggert (2000-10-02):
> +# Matthews and Vincent (1998) write that Atikokan, Pickle Lake, and
> +# New Osnaburgh observe CST all year, that Big Trout Lake observes
> +# CST/CDT, and that Upsala and Shebandowan observe EST/EDT, all in
> +# violation of the official Ontario rules.
> +#
> +# From Paul Eggert (2006-07-09):
> +# Chris Walton (2006-07-06) mentioned an article by Stephanie MacLellan in the
> +# 2005-07-21 Chronicle-Journal, which said:
> +#
> +# The clocks in Atikokan stay set on standard time year-round.
> +# This means they spend about half the time on central time and
> +# the other half on eastern time.
> +#
> +# For the most part, the system works, Mayor Dennis Brown said.
> +#
> +# "The majority of businesses in Atikokan deal more with Eastern
> +# Canada, but there are some that deal with Western Canada," he
> +# said. "I don't see any changes happening here."
> +#
> +# Walton also writes "Supposedly Pickle Lake and Mishkeegogamang
> +# [New Osnaburgh] follow the same practice."
> +
> +# From Garry McKinnon (2006-07-14) via Chris Walton:
> +# I chatted with a member of my board who has an outstanding memory
> +# and a long history in Atikokan (and in the telecom industry) and he
> +# can say for certain that Atikokan has been practicing the current
> +# time keeping since 1952, at least.
> +
> +# From Paul Eggert (2006-07-17):
> +# Shanks & Pottenger say that Atikokan has agreed with Rainy River
> +# ever since standard time was introduced, but the information from
> +# McKinnon sounds more authoritative. For now, assume that Atikokan
> +# switched to EST immediately after WWII era daylight saving time
> +# ended. This matches the old (less-populous) America/Coral_Harbour
> +# entry since our cutoff date of 1970, so we can move
> +# America/Coral_Harbour to the 'backward' file.
> +
> +Zone America/Atikokan -6:06:28 - LMT 1895
> + -6:00 Canada C%sT 1940 Sep 29
> + -6:00 1:00 CDT 1942 Feb 9 2:00s
> + -6:00 Canada C%sT 1945 Sep 30 2:00
> + -5:00 - EST
> +
> +# Quebec east of Natashquan
> +
> +# From Paul Eggert (2021-05-09):
> +# H. David Matthews and Mary Vincent's map
> +# "It's about TIME", _Canadian Geographic_ (September-October 1998)
> +# http://www.canadiangeographic.ca/Magazine/SO98/alacarte.asp
> +# says that Quebec east of the -63 meridian is supposed to observe
> +# AST, but residents as far east as Natashquan use EST/EDT, and
> +# residents east of Natashquan use AST.
> +# The Quebec department of justice writes in
> +# "The situation in Minganie and Basse-Côte-Nord"
> +# https://www.justice.gouv.qc.ca/en/department/ministre/functions-and-responsabilities/legal-time-in-quebec/the-situation-in-minganie-and-basse-cote-nord/
> +# that the coastal strip from just east of Natashquan to Blanc-Sablon
> +# observes Atlantic standard time all year round.
> +# This common practice was codified into law as of 2007; see Legal Time Act,
> +# CQLR c T-5.1 <http://legisquebec.gouv.qc.ca/en/ShowDoc/cs/T-5.1>.
> +# For lack of better info, guess this practice began around 1970, contra to
> +# Shanks & Pottenger who have this region observing AST/ADT.
> +
> +Zone America/Blanc-Sablon -3:48:28 - LMT 1884
> + -4:00 Canada A%sT 1970
> + -4:00 - AST
> +
> +# French Guiana
> +Zone America/Cayenne -3:29:20 - LMT 1911 Jul
> + -4:00 - -04 1967 Oct
> + -3:00 - -03
> +
> # Cayman Is
> Zone America/Cayman -5:25:32 - LMT 1890 # Georgetown
> -5:07:10 - KMT 1912 Feb # Kingston Mean Time
> @@ -370,6 +543,85 @@ Zone America/Coral_Harbour -5:32:40 - LMT 1884
> -5:00 NT_YK E%sT 1946
> -5:00 - EST
>
> +# From Chris Walton (2011-12-01):
> +# There are two areas within the Canadian province of British Columbia
> +# that do not currently observe daylight saving:
> +# a) The Creston Valley (includes the town of Creston and surrounding area)
> +# b) The eastern half of the Peace River Regional District
> +# (includes the cities of Dawson Creek and Fort St. John)
> +
> +# Earlier this year I stumbled across a detailed article about the time
> +# keeping history of Creston; it was written by Tammy Hardwick who is the
> +# manager of the Creston & District Museum. The article was written in May 2009.
> +# http://www.ilovecreston.com/?p=articles&t=spec&ar=260
> +# According to the article, Creston has not changed its clocks since June 1918.
> +# i.e. Creston has been stuck on UT-7 for 93 years.
> +# Dawson Creek, on the other hand, changed its clocks as recently as April 1972.
> +
> +# Unfortunately the exact date for the time change in June 1918 remains
> +# unknown and will be difficult to ascertain. I e-mailed Tammy a few months
> +# ago to ask if Sunday June 2 was a reasonable guess. She said it was just
> +# as plausible as any other date (in June). She also said that after writing
> +# the article she had discovered another time change in 1916; this is the
> +# subject of another article which she wrote in October 2010.
> +# http://www.creston.museum.bc.ca/index.php?module=comments&uop=view_comment&cm+id=56
> +
> +# Here is a summary of the three clock change events in Creston's history:
> +# 1. 1884 or 1885: adoption of Mountain Standard Time (GMT-7)
> +# Exact date unknown
> +# 2. Oct 1916: switch to Pacific Standard Time (GMT-8)
> +# Exact date in October unknown; Sunday October 1 is a reasonable guess.
> +# 3. June 1918: switch to Pacific Daylight Time (GMT-7)
> +# Exact date in June unknown; Sunday June 2 is a reasonable guess.
> +# note 1:
> +# On Oct 27/1918 when daylight saving ended in the rest of Canada,
> +# Creston did not change its clocks.
> +# note 2:
> +# During WWII when the Federal Government legislated a mandatory clock change,
> +# Creston did not oblige.
> +# note 3:
> +# There is no guarantee that Creston will remain on Mountain Standard Time
> +# (UTC-7) forever.
> +# The subject was debated at least once this year by the town Council.
> +# http://www.bclocalnews.com/kootenay_rockies/crestonvalleyadvance/news/116760809.html
> +
> +# During a period WWII, summer time (Daylight saying) was mandatory in Canada.
> +# In Creston, that was handled by shifting the area to PST (-8:00) then applying
> +# summer time to cause the offset to be -7:00, the same as it had been before
> +# the change. It can be argued that the timezone abbreviation during this
> +# period should be PDT rather than MST, but that doesn't seem important enough
> +# (to anyone) to further complicate the rules.
> +
> +# The transition dates (and times) are guesses.
> +
> +Zone America/Creston -7:46:04 - LMT 1884
> + -7:00 - MST 1916 Oct 1
> + -8:00 - PST 1918 Jun 2
> + -7:00 - MST
> +
> +# Curaçao
> +# Milne gives 4:35:46.9 for Curaçao mean time; round to nearest.
> +#
> +# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
> +# Shanks & Pottenger say that The Bottom and Philipsburg have been at
> +# -4:00 since standard time was introduced on 1912-03-02; and that
> +# Kralendijk and Rincon used Kralendijk Mean Time (-4:33:08) from
> +# 1912-02-02 to 1965-01-01. The former is dubious, since S&P also say
> +# Saba Island has been like Curaçao.
> +# This all predates our 1970 cutoff, though.
> +#
> +# By July 2007 Curaçao and St Maarten are planned to become
> +# associated states within the Netherlands, much like Aruba;
> +# Bonaire, Saba and St Eustatius would become directly part of the
> +# Netherlands as Kingdom Islands. This won't affect their time zones
> +# though, as far as we know.
> +#
> +Zone America/Curacao -4:35:47 - LMT 1912 Feb 12 # Willemstad
> + -4:30 - -0430 1965
> + -4:00 - AST
> +Link America/Curacao America/Kralendijk
> +Link America/Curacao America/Lower_Princes
> +
> # Dominica
> Zone America/Dominica -4:05:36 - LMT 1911 Jul 1 0:01 # Roseau
> -4:00 - AST
> @@ -392,6 +644,12 @@ Zone America/Grenada -4:07:00 - LMT 1911 Jul # St George's
> Zone America/Guadeloupe -4:06:08 - LMT 1911 Jun 8 # Pointe-Ã -Pitre
> -4:00 - AST
>
> +# Bolivia
> +Zone America/La_Paz -4:32:36 - LMT 1890
> + -4:32:36 - CMT 1931 Oct 15 # Calamarca MT
> + -4:32:36 1:00 BST 1932 Mar 21 # Bolivia ST
> + -4:00 - -04
> +
> # Canada
> #
> # From Paul Eggert (2015-03-24):
> @@ -403,7 +661,6 @@ Zone America/Guadeloupe -4:06:08 - LMT 1911 Jun 8 # Pointe-Ã -Pitre
> # Pottenger data. The post-1970 entries have been corrected, but the
> # pre-1970 entries are unchecked and probably have errors.
> #
> -# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
> Rule Mont 1917 only - Mar 25 2:00 1:00 D
> Rule Mont 1917 only - Apr 24 0:00 0 S
> Rule Mont 1919 only - Mar 31 2:30 1:00 D
> @@ -439,6 +696,48 @@ Zone America/Montreal -4:54:16 - LMT 1884
> Zone America/Montserrat -4:08:52 - LMT 1911 Jul 1 0:01 # Cork Hill
> -4:00 - AST
>
> +# The Bahamas
> +#
> +# For 1899 Milne gives -5:09:29.5; round that.
> +#
> +# From P Chan (2020-11-27, corrected on 2020-12-02):
> +# There were two periods of DST observed in 1942-1945: 1942-05-01
> +# midnight to 1944-12-31 midnight and 1945-02-01 to 1945-10-17 midnight.
> +# "midnight" should mean 24:00 from the context.
> +#
> +# War Time Order 1942 [1942-05-01] and War Time (No. 2) Order 1942 [1942-09-29]
> +# Appendix to the Statutes of 7 George VI. and the Year 1942. p 34, 43
> +# https://books.google.com/books?id=5rlNAQAAIAAJ&pg=RA3-PA34
> +# https://books.google.com/books?id=5rlNAQAAIAAJ&pg=RA3-PA43
> +#
> +# War Time Order 1943 [1943-03-31] and War Time Order 1944 [1943-12-29]
> +# Appendix to the Statutes of 8 George VI. and the Year 1943. p 9-10, 28-29
> +# https://books.google.com/books?id=5rlNAQAAIAAJ&pg=RA4-PA9
> +# https://books.google.com/books?id=5rlNAQAAIAAJ&pg=RA4-PA28
> +#
> +# War Time Order 1945 [1945-01-31] and the Order which revoke War Time Order
> +# 1945 [1945-10-16] Appendix to the Statutes of 9 George VI. and the Year
> +# 1945. p 160, 247-248
> +# https://books.google.com/books?id=5rlNAQAAIAAJ&pg=RA6-PA160
> +# https://books.google.com/books?id=5rlNAQAAIAAJ&pg=RA6-PA247
> +#
> +# From Sue Williams (2006-12-07):
> +# The Bahamas announced about a month ago that they plan to change their DST
> +# rules to sync with the U.S. starting in 2007....
> +# http://www.jonesbahamas.com/?c=45&a=10412
> +
> +Rule Bahamas 1942 only - May 1 24:00 1:00 W
> +Rule Bahamas 1944 only - Dec 31 24:00 0 S
> +Rule Bahamas 1945 only - Feb 1 0:00 1:00 W
> +Rule Bahamas 1945 only - Aug 14 23:00u 1:00 P # Peace
> +Rule Bahamas 1945 only - Oct 17 24:00 0 S
> +Rule Bahamas 1964 1975 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
> +Rule Bahamas 1964 1975 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
> +
> +Zone America/Nassau -5:09:30 - LMT 1912 Mar 2
> + -5:00 Bahamas E%sT 1976
> + -5:00 US E%sT
> +
> # United States
> #
> # From Paul Eggert (2018-03-18):
> @@ -463,6 +762,13 @@ Zone America/Montserrat -4:08:52 - LMT 1911 Jul 1 0:01 # Cork Hill
> # https://cdnc.ucr.edu/cgi-bin/cdnc?a=d&d=DS19470110
> # front page reports on end.
>
> +# Trinidad and Tobago
> +Zone America/Port_of_Spain -4:06:04 - LMT 1912 Mar 2
> + -4:00 - AST
> +Link America/Port_of_Spain America/Marigot
> +Link America/Port_of_Spain America/St_Barthelemy
> +Link America/Port_of_Spain America/Virgin
> +
> # Argentina
> # This entry was intended for the following areas, but has been superseded by
> # more detailed zones.
> @@ -486,7 +792,7 @@ Zone America/St_Lucia -4:04:00 - LMT 1890 # Castries
> -4:04:00 - CMT 1912 # Castries Mean Time
> -4:00 - AST
>
> -# Virgin Is
> +# US Virgin Is
> Zone America/St_Thomas -4:19:44 - LMT 1911 Jul # Charlotte Amalie
> -4:00 - AST
>
> @@ -499,11 +805,65 @@ Zone America/St_Vincent -4:04:56 - LMT 1890 # Kingstown
> Zone America/Tortola -4:18:28 - LMT 1911 Jul # Road Town
> -4:00 - AST
>
> +# Dumont d'Urville, Île des Pétrels, -6640+14001, since 1956-11
> +# <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dumont_d'Urville_Station> (2005-12-05)
> +#
> +# Another base at Port-Martin, 50km east, began operation in 1947.
> +# It was destroyed by fire on 1952-01-14.
> +#
> +Zone Antarctica/DumontDUrville 0 - -00 1947
> + 10:00 - +10 1952 Jan 14
> + 0 - -00 1956 Nov
> + 10:00 - +10
> +
> # McMurdo, Ross Island, since 1955-12
> Zone Antarctica/McMurdo 0 - -00 1956
> 12:00 NZ NZ%sT
> Link Antarctica/McMurdo Antarctica/South_Pole
>
> +# Syowa, Antarctica
> +#
> +# From Hideyuki Suzuki (1999-02-06):
> +# In all Japanese stations, +0300 is used as the standard time.
> +#
> +# Syowa station, which is the first antarctic station of Japan,
> +# was established on 1957-01-29. Since Syowa station is still the main
> +# station of Japan, it's appropriate for the principal location.
> +Zone Antarctica/Syowa 0 - -00 1957 Jan 29
> + 3:00 - +03
> +# See:
> +# NIPR Antarctic Research Activities (1999-08-17)
> +# http://www.nipr.ac.jp/english/ara01.html
> +
> +# Vostok, Antarctica
> +#
> +# Vostok, since 1957-12-16, temporarily closed 1994-02/1994-11
> +# From Craig Mundell (1994-12-15):
> +# http://quest.arc.nasa.gov/antarctica/QA/computers/Directions,Time,ZIP
> +# Vostok, which is one of the Russian stations, is set on the same
> +# time as Moscow, Russia.
> +#
> +# From Lee Hotz (2001-03-08):
> +# I queried the folks at Columbia who spent the summer at Vostok and this is
> +# what they had to say about time there:
> +# "in the US Camp (East Camp) we have been on New Zealand (McMurdo)
> +# time, which is 12 hours ahead of GMT. The Russian Station Vostok was
> +# 6 hours behind that (although only 2 miles away, i.e. 6 hours ahead
> +# of GMT). This is a time zone I think two hours east of Moscow. The
> +# natural time zone is in between the two: 8 hours ahead of GMT."
> +#
> +# From Paul Eggert (2001-05-04):
> +# This seems to be hopelessly confusing, so I asked Lee Hotz about it
> +# in person. He said that some Antarctic locations set their local
> +# time so that noon is the warmest part of the day, and that this
> +# changes during the year and does not necessarily correspond to mean
> +# solar noon. So the Vostok time might have been whatever the clocks
> +# happened to be during their visit. So we still don't really know what time
> +# it is at Vostok. But we'll guess +06.
> +#
> +Zone Antarctica/Vostok 0 - -00 1957 Dec 16
> + 6:00 - +06
> +
> # Yemen
> # Milne says 2:59:54 was the meridian of the saluting battery at Aden,
> # and that Yemen was at 1:55:56, the meridian of the Hagia Sophia.
> @@ -542,6 +902,16 @@ Zone Asia/Bahrain 3:22:20 - LMT 1941 Jul 20 # Manamah
> 4:00 - +04 1972 Jun
> 3:00 - +03
>
> +# Thailand
> +Zone Asia/Bangkok 6:42:04 - LMT 1880
> + 6:42:04 - BMT 1920 Apr # Bangkok Mean Time
> + 7:00 - +07
> +
> +# Brunei
> +Zone Asia/Brunei 7:39:40 - LMT 1926 Mar # Bandar Seri Begawan
> + 7:30 - +0730 1933
> + 8:00 - +08
> +
> # India
> #
> # From Paul Eggert (2014-09-06):
> @@ -567,6 +937,10 @@ Zone Asia/Chongqing 7:06:20 - LMT 1928 # or Chungking
> 8:00 PRC C%sT
> Link Asia/Chongqing Asia/Chungking
>
> +# United Arab Emirates
> +Zone Asia/Dubai 3:41:12 - LMT 1920
> + 4:00 - +04
> +
> # Vietnam
> # From Paul Eggert (2014-10-13):
> # See Asia/Ho_Chi_Minh for the source for this data.
> @@ -597,6 +971,32 @@ Zone Asia/Kashgar 5:03:56 - LMT 1928 # or Kashi or Kaxgar
> 5:00 - +05 1980 May
> 8:00 PRC C%sT
>
> +# peninsular Malaysia
> +# taken from Mok Ly Yng (2003-10-30)
> +# https://web.archive.org/web/20190822231045/http://www.math.nus.edu.sg/~mathelmr/teaching/timezone.html
> +# This agrees with Singapore since 1905-06-01.
> +Zone Asia/Kuala_Lumpur 6:46:46 - LMT 1901 Jan 1
> + 6:55:25 - SMT 1905 Jun 1 # Singapore M.T.
> + 7:00 - +07 1933 Jan 1
> + 7:00 0:20 +0720 1936 Jan 1
> + 7:20 - +0720 1941 Sep 1
> + 7:30 - +0730 1942 Feb 16
> + 9:00 - +09 1945 Sep 12
> + 7:30 - +0730 1982 Jan 1
> + 8:00 - +08
> +#
> +# Sabah & Sarawak
> +# From Paul Eggert (2014-08-12):
> +# The data entries here are mostly from Shanks & Pottenger, but the 1942, 1945
> +# and 1982 transition dates are from Mok Ly Yng.
> +Rule NBorneo 1935 1941 - Sep 14 0:00 0:20 -
> +Rule NBorneo 1935 1941 - Dec 14 0:00 0 -
> +Zone Asia/Kuching 7:21:20 - LMT 1926 Mar
> + 7:30 - +0730 1933
> + 8:00 NBorneo +08/+0820 1942 Feb 16
> + 9:00 - +09 1945 Sep 12
> + 8:00 - +08
> +
> # Kuwait
> Zone Asia/Kuwait 3:11:56 - LMT 1950
> 3:00 - +03
> @@ -646,11 +1046,118 @@ Zone Asia/Phnom_Penh 6:59:40 - LMT 1906 Jul 1
> 9:00 - +09 1945 Sep 2
> 7:00 - +07
>
> +# Saudi Arabia
> +#
> +# From Paul Eggert (2018-08-29):
> +# Time in Saudi Arabia and other countries in the Arabian peninsula was not
> +# standardized until 1968 or so; we don't know exactly when, and possibly it
> +# has never been made official. Richard P Hunt, in "Islam city yielding to
> +# modern times", New York Times (1961-04-09), p 20, wrote that only airlines
> +# observed standard time, and that people in Jeddah mostly observed quasi-solar
> +# time, doing so by setting their watches at sunrise to 6 o'clock (or to 12
> +# o'clock for "Arab" time).
> +#
> +# Timekeeping differed depending on who you were and which part of Saudi
> +# Arabia you were in. In 1969, Elias Antar wrote that although a common
> +# practice had been to set one's watch to 12:00 (i.e., midnight) at sunset -
> +# which meant that the time on one side of a mountain could differ greatly from
> +# the time on the other side - many foreigners set their watches to 6pm
> +# instead, while airlines instead used UTC +03 (except in Dhahran, where they
> +# used UTC +04), Aramco used UTC +03 with DST, and the Trans-Arabian Pipe Line
> +# Company used Aramco time in eastern Saudi Arabia and airline time in western.
> +# (The American Military Aid Advisory Group used plain UTC.) Antar writes,
> +# "A man named Higgins, so the story goes, used to run a local power
> +# station. One day, the whole thing became too much for Higgins and he
> +# assembled his staff and laid down the law. 'I've had enough of this,' he
> +# shrieked. 'It is now 12 o'clock Higgins Time, and from now on this station is
> +# going to run on Higgins Time.' And so, until last year, it did." See:
> +# Antar E. Dinner at When? Saudi Aramco World, 1969 March/April. 2-3.
> +# http://archive.aramcoworld.com/issue/196902/dinner.at.when.htm
> +# Also see: Antar EN. Arabian flying is confusing.
> +# Port Angeles (WA) Evening News. 1965-03-10. page 3.
> +#
> +# The TZ database cannot represent quasi-solar time; airline time is the best
> +# we can do. The 1946 foreign air news digest of the U.S. Civil Aeronautics
> +# Board (OCLC 42299995) reported that the "... Arabian Government, inaugurated
> +# a weekly Dhahran-Cairo service, via the Saudi Arabian cities of Riyadh and
> +# Jidda, on March 14, 1947". Shanks & Pottenger guessed 1950; go with the
> +# earlier date.
> +#
> +# Shanks & Pottenger also state that until 1968-05-01 Saudi Arabia had two
> +# time zones; the other zone, at UT +04, was in the far eastern part of
> +# the country. Presumably this is documenting airline time. Ignore this,
> +# as it's before our 1970 cutoff.
> +#
> +Zone Asia/Riyadh 3:06:52 - LMT 1947 Mar 14
> + 3:00 - +03
> +
> +
> # Israel
> Zone Asia/Tel_Aviv 2:19:04 - LMT 1880
> 2:21 - JMT 1918
> 2:00 Zion I%sT
>
> +
> +# Xinjiang
> +
> +# From Luther Ma (2009-11-19):
> +# It seems that Uyghurs in Ürümqi has been using Xinjiang since at least the
> +# 1960's. I know of one Han, now over 50, who grew up in the surrounding
> +# countryside and used Xinjiang time as a child.
> +#
> +# 6. Likewise for Kashgar and the rest of south Xinjiang I don't know of any
> +# start date for Xinjiang time.
> +#
> +# Without having access to local historical records, nor the ability to legally
> +# publish them, I would go with October 1, 1949, when Xinjiang became the Uyghur
> +# Autonomous Region under the PRC. (Before that Uyghurs, of course, would also
> +# not be using Beijing time, but some local time.)
> +
> +# From David Cochrane (2014-03-26):
> +# Just a confirmation that Ürümqi time was implemented in Ürümqi on 1 Feb 1986:
> +# https://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,960684,00.html
> +
> +# From Luther Ma (2014-04-22):
> +# I have interviewed numerous people of various nationalities and from
> +# different localities in Xinjiang and can confirm the information in Guo's
> +# report regarding Xinjiang, as well as the Time article reference by David
> +# Cochrane. Whether officially recognized or not (and both are officially
> +# recognized), two separate times have been in use in Xinjiang since at least
> +# the Cultural Revolution: Xinjiang Time (XJT), aka Ürümqi Time or local time;
> +# and Beijing Time. There is no confusion in Xinjiang as to which name refers
> +# to which time. Both are widely used in the province, although in some
> +# population groups might be use one to the exclusion of the other. The only
> +# problem is that computers and smart phones list Ürümqi (or Kashgar) as
> +# having the same time as Beijing.
> +
> +# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-30):
> +# In the early days of the PRC, Tibet was given its own time zone (UT +06)
> +# but this was withdrawn in 1959 and never reinstated; see Tubten Khétsun,
> +# Memories of life in Lhasa under Chinese Rule, Columbia U Press, ISBN
> +# 978-0231142861 (2008), translator's introduction by Matthew Akester, p x.
> +# As this is before our 1970 cutoff, Tibet doesn't need a separate zone.
> +#
> +# Xinjiang Time is well-documented as being officially recognized. E.g., see
> +# "The Working-Calendar for The Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Government"
> +# <http://www.sinkiang.gov.cn/service/ourworking/> (2014-04-22).
> +# Unfortunately, we have no good records of time in Xinjiang before 1986.
> +# During the 20th century parts of Xinjiang were ruled by the Qing dynasty,
> +# the Republic of China, various warlords, the First and Second East Turkestan
> +# Republics, the Soviet Union, the Kuomintang, and the People's Republic of
> +# China, and tracking down all these organizations' timekeeping rules would be
> +# quite a trick. Approximate this lost history by a transition from LMT to
> +# UT +06 at the start of 1928, the year of accession of the warlord Jin Shuren,
> +# which happens to be the date given by Shanks & Pottenger (no doubt as a
> +# guess) as the transition from LMT. Ignore the usage of +08 before
> +# 1986-02-01 under the theory that the transition date to +08 is unknown and
> +# that the sort of users who prefer Etc/GMT-6 now typically ignored the
> +# +08 mandate back then.
> +
> +# Xinjiang time, used by many in western China; represented by Ürümqi / Ürümchi
> +# / Wulumuqi. (Please use Asia/Shanghai if you prefer Beijing time.)
> +Zone Asia/Urumqi 5:50:20 - LMT 1928
> + 6:00 - +06
> +
> # Laos
> # From Paul Eggert (2014-10-11):
> # See Asia/Ho_Chi_Minh for the source for most of this data.
> @@ -670,6 +1177,68 @@ Zone Asia/Vientiane 6:50:24 - LMT 1906 Jul 1
> # From Whitman:
> Zone Atlantic/Jan_Mayen -1:00 - -01
>
> +# Iceland
> +#
> +# From Adam David (1993-11-06):
> +# The name of the timezone in Iceland for system / mail / news purposes is GMT.
> +#
> +# (1993-12-05):
> +# This material is paraphrased from the 1988 edition of the University of
> +# Iceland Almanak.
> +#
> +# From January 1st, 1908 the whole of Iceland was standardised at 1 hour
> +# behind GMT. Previously, local mean solar time was used in different parts
> +# of Iceland, the almanak had been based on ReykjavÃk mean solar time which
> +# was 1 hour and 28 minutes behind GMT.
> +#
> +# "first day of winter" referred to [below] means the first day of the 26 weeks
> +# of winter, according to the old icelandic calendar that dates back to the
> +# time the norsemen first settled Iceland. The first day of winter is always
> +# Saturday, but is not dependent on the Julian or Gregorian calendars.
> +#
> +# (1993-12-10):
> +# I have a reference from the Oxford Icelandic-English dictionary for the
> +# beginning of winter, which ties it to the ecclesiastical calendar (and thus
> +# to the julian/gregorian calendar) over the period in question.
> +# the winter begins on the Saturday next before St. Luke's day
> +# (old style), or on St. Luke's day, if a Saturday.
> +# St. Luke's day ought to be traceable from ecclesiastical sources. "old style"
> +# might be a reference to the Julian calendar as opposed to Gregorian, or it
> +# might mean something else (???).
> +#
> +# From Paul Eggert (2014-11-22):
> +# The information below is taken from the 1988 Almanak; see
> +# http://www.almanak.hi.is/klukkan.html
> +#
> +Rule Iceland 1917 1919 - Feb 19 23:00 1:00 -
> +Rule Iceland 1917 only - Oct 21 1:00 0 -
> +Rule Iceland 1918 1919 - Nov 16 1:00 0 -
> +Rule Iceland 1921 only - Mar 19 23:00 1:00 -
> +Rule Iceland 1921 only - Jun 23 1:00 0 -
> +Rule Iceland 1939 only - Apr 29 23:00 1:00 -
> +Rule Iceland 1939 only - Oct 29 2:00 0 -
> +Rule Iceland 1940 only - Feb 25 2:00 1:00 -
> +Rule Iceland 1940 1941 - Nov Sun>=2 1:00s 0 -
> +Rule Iceland 1941 1942 - Mar Sun>=2 1:00s 1:00 -
> +# 1943-1946 - first Sunday in March until first Sunday in winter
> +Rule Iceland 1943 1946 - Mar Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 -
> +Rule Iceland 1942 1948 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00s 0 -
> +# 1947-1967 - first Sunday in April until first Sunday in winter
> +Rule Iceland 1947 1967 - Apr Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 -
> +# 1949 and 1967 Oct transitions delayed by 1 week
> +Rule Iceland 1949 only - Oct 30 1:00s 0 -
> +Rule Iceland 1950 1966 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00s 0 -
> +Rule Iceland 1967 only - Oct 29 1:00s 0 -
> +
> +Zone Atlantic/Reykjavik -1:28 - LMT 1908
> + -1:00 Iceland -01/+00 1968 Apr 7 1:00s
> + 0:00 - GMT
> +Link Atlantic/Reykjavik Iceland
> +
> +# South Georgia
> +Zone Atlantic/South_Georgia -2:26:08 - LMT 1890 # Grytviken
> + -2:00 - -02
> +
> # St Helena
> Zone Atlantic/St_Helena -0:22:48 - LMT 1890 # Jamestown
> -0:22:48 - JMT 1951 # Jamestown Mean Time
> @@ -681,6 +1250,85 @@ Zone Australia/Currie 9:35:28 - LMT 1895 Sep
> 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1968 Oct 15
> 10:00 AT AE%sT
>
> +
> +# Netherlands
> +
> +# Howse writes that the Netherlands' railways used GMT between 1892 and 1940,
> +# but for other purposes the Netherlands used Amsterdam mean time.
> +
> +# However, Robert H. van Gent writes (2001-04-01):
> +# Howse's statement is only correct up to 1909. From 1909-05-01 (00:00:00
> +# Amsterdam mean time) onwards, the whole of the Netherlands (including
> +# the Dutch railways) was required by law to observe Amsterdam mean time
> +# (19 minutes 32.13 seconds ahead of GMT). This had already been the
> +# common practice (except for the railways) for many decades but it was
> +# not until 1909 when the Dutch government finally defined this by law.
> +# On 1937-07-01 this was changed to 20 minutes (exactly) ahead of GMT and
> +# was generally known as Dutch Time ("Nederlandse Tijd").
> +#
> +# (2001-04-08):
> +# 1892-05-01 was the date when the Dutch railways were by law required to
> +# observe GMT while the remainder of the Netherlands adhered to the common
> +# practice of following Amsterdam mean time.
> +#
> +# (2001-04-09):
> +# In 1835 the authorities of the province of North Holland requested the
> +# municipal authorities of the towns and cities in the province to observe
> +# Amsterdam mean time but I do not know in how many cases this request was
> +# actually followed.
> +#
> +# From 1852 onwards the Dutch telegraph offices were by law required to
> +# observe Amsterdam mean time. As the time signals from the observatory of
> +# Leiden were also distributed by the telegraph system, I assume that most
> +# places linked up with the telegraph (and railway) system automatically
> +# adopted Amsterdam mean time.
> +#
> +# Although the early Dutch railway companies initially observed a variety
> +# of times, most of them had adopted Amsterdam mean time by 1858 but it
> +# was not until 1866 when they were all required by law to observe
> +# Amsterdam mean time.
> +
> +# The data entries before 1945 are taken from
> +# https://www.staff.science.uu.nl/~gent0113/wettijd/wettijd.htm
> +
> +# From Paul Eggert (2021-05-09):
> +# I invented the abbreviations AMT for Amsterdam Mean Time and NST for
> +# Netherlands Summer Time, used in the Netherlands from 1835 to 1937.
> +
> +Rule Neth 1916 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 NST # Netherlands Summer Time
> +Rule Neth 1916 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 AMT # Amsterdam Mean Time
> +Rule Neth 1917 only - Apr 16 2:00s 1:00 NST
> +Rule Neth 1917 only - Sep 17 2:00s 0 AMT
> +Rule Neth 1918 1921 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00s 1:00 NST
> +Rule Neth 1918 1921 - Sep lastMon 2:00s 0 AMT
> +Rule Neth 1922 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 NST
> +Rule Neth 1922 1936 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 AMT
> +Rule Neth 1923 only - Jun Fri>=1 2:00s 1:00 NST
> +Rule Neth 1924 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 NST
> +Rule Neth 1925 only - Jun Fri>=1 2:00s 1:00 NST
> +# From 1926 through 1939 DST began 05-15, except that it was delayed by a week
> +# in years when 05-15 fell in the Pentecost weekend.
> +Rule Neth 1926 1931 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 NST
> +Rule Neth 1932 only - May 22 2:00s 1:00 NST
> +Rule Neth 1933 1936 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 NST
> +Rule Neth 1937 only - May 22 2:00s 1:00 NST
> +Rule Neth 1937 only - Jul 1 0:00 1:00 S
> +Rule Neth 1937 1939 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 -
> +Rule Neth 1938 1939 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 S
> +Rule Neth 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S
> +Rule Neth 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 -
> +#
> +# Amsterdam Mean Time was +00:19:32.13, but the .13 is omitted
> +# below because the current format requires STDOFF to be an integer.
> +#
> +Zone Europe/Amsterdam 0:19:32 - LMT 1835
> + 0:19:32 Neth %s 1937 Jul 1
> + 0:20 Neth +0020/+0120 1940 May 16 0:00
> + 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00
> + 1:00 Neth CE%sT 1977
> + 1:00 EU CE%sT
> +
> +
> # Northern Ireland
> Zone Europe/Belfast -0:23:40 - LMT 1880 Aug 2
> -0:25:21 - DMT 1916 May 21 2:00
> @@ -692,6 +1340,60 @@ Zone Europe/Belfast -0:23:40 - LMT 1880 Aug 2
> 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1996
> 0:00 EU GMT/BST
>
> +
> +# Denmark
> +
> +# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2005-04-26):
> +# the law [introducing standard time] was in effect from 1894-01-01....
> +# The page https://www.retsinformation.dk/eli/lta/1893/83
> +# confirms this, and states that the law was put forth 1893-03-29.
> +#
> +# The EU [actually, EEC and Euratom] treaty with effect from 1973:
> +# https://www.retsinformation.dk/eli/lta/1972/21100
> +#
> +# This provoked a new law from 1974 to make possible summer time changes
> +# in subsequent decrees with the law
> +# https://www.retsinformation.dk/eli/lta/1974/223
> +#
> +# It seems however that no decree was set forward until 1980. I have
> +# not found any decree, but in another related law, the effecting DST
> +# changes are stated explicitly to be from 1980-04-06 at 02:00 to
> +# 1980-09-28 at 02:00. If this is true, this differs slightly from
> +# the EU rule in that DST runs to 02:00, not 03:00. We don't know
> +# when Denmark began using the EU rule correctly, but we have only
> +# confirmation of the 1980-time, so I presume it was correct in 1981:
> +# The law is about the management of the extra hour, concerning
> +# working hours reported and effect on obligatory-rest rules (which
> +# was suspended on that night):
> +# https://web.archive.org/web/20140104053304/https://www.retsinformation.dk/Forms/R0710.aspx?id=60267
> +
> +# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2005-06-11):
> +# The Herning Folkeblad (1980-09-26) reported that the night between
> +# Saturday and Sunday the clock is set back from three to two.
> +
> +# From Paul Eggert (2005-06-11):
> +# Hence the "02:00" of the 1980 law refers to standard time, not
> +# wall-clock time, and so the EU rules were in effect in 1980.
> +
> +Rule Denmark 1916 only - May 14 23:00 1:00 S
> +Rule Denmark 1916 only - Sep 30 23:00 0 -
> +Rule Denmark 1940 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 S
> +Rule Denmark 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S
> +Rule Denmark 1945 only - Aug 15 2:00s 0 -
> +Rule Denmark 1946 only - May 1 2:00s 1:00 S
> +Rule Denmark 1946 only - Sep 1 2:00s 0 -
> +Rule Denmark 1947 only - May 4 2:00s 1:00 S
> +Rule Denmark 1947 only - Aug 10 2:00s 0 -
> +Rule Denmark 1948 only - May 9 2:00s 1:00 S
> +Rule Denmark 1948 only - Aug 8 2:00s 0 -
> +#
> +Zone Europe/Copenhagen 0:50:20 - LMT 1890
> + 0:50:20 - CMT 1894 Jan 1 # Copenhagen MT
> + 1:00 Denmark CE%sT 1942 Nov 2 2:00s
> + 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00
> + 1:00 Denmark CE%sT 1980
> + 1:00 EU CE%sT
> +
> # Guernsey
> # Data from Joseph S. Myers
> # https://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2013-September/019883.html
> @@ -747,6 +1449,85 @@ Zone Europe/Ljubljana 0:58:04 - LMT 1884
> 1:00 - CET 1982 Nov 27
> 1:00 EU CE%sT
>
> +
> +# Luxembourg
> +
> +# Whitman disagrees with most of these dates in minor ways;
> +# go with Shanks & Pottenger.
> +Rule Lux 1916 only - May 14 23:00 1:00 S
> +Rule Lux 1916 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 -
> +Rule Lux 1917 only - Apr 28 23:00 1:00 S
> +Rule Lux 1917 only - Sep 17 1:00 0 -
> +Rule Lux 1918 only - Apr Mon>=15 2:00s 1:00 S
> +Rule Lux 1918 only - Sep Mon>=15 2:00s 0 -
> +Rule Lux 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00 1:00 S
> +Rule Lux 1919 only - Oct 5 3:00 0 -
> +Rule Lux 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00 1:00 S
> +Rule Lux 1920 only - Oct 24 2:00 0 -
> +Rule Lux 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00 1:00 S
> +Rule Lux 1921 only - Oct 26 2:00 0 -
> +Rule Lux 1922 only - Mar 25 23:00 1:00 S
> +Rule Lux 1922 only - Oct Sun>=2 1:00 0 -
> +Rule Lux 1923 only - Apr 21 23:00 1:00 S
> +Rule Lux 1923 only - Oct Sun>=2 2:00 0 -
> +Rule Lux 1924 only - Mar 29 23:00 1:00 S
> +Rule Lux 1924 1928 - Oct Sun>=2 1:00 0 -
> +Rule Lux 1925 only - Apr 5 23:00 1:00 S
> +Rule Lux 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00 1:00 S
> +Rule Lux 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00 1:00 S
> +Rule Lux 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00 1:00 S
> +Rule Lux 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00 1:00 S
> +
> +Zone Europe/Luxembourg 0:24:36 - LMT 1904 Jun
> + 1:00 Lux CE%sT 1918 Nov 25
> + 0:00 Lux WE%sT 1929 Oct 6 2:00s
> + 0:00 Belgium WE%sT 1940 May 14 3:00
> + 1:00 C-Eur WE%sT 1944 Sep 18 3:00
> + 1:00 Belgium CE%sT 1977
> + 1:00 EU CE%sT
> +
> +# Monaco
> +#
> +# From Michael Deckers (2020-06-12):
> +# In the "Journal de Monaco" of 1892-05-24, online at
> +# https://journaldemonaco.gouv.mc/var/jdm/storage/original/application/b1c67c12c5af11b41ea888fb048e4fe8.pdf
> +# we read: ...
> +# [In virtue of a Sovereign Ordinance of the May 13 of the current [year],
> +# legal time in the Principality will be set to, from the date of June 1,
> +# 1892 onwards, to the meridian of Paris, as in France.]
> +# In the "Journal de Monaco" of 1911-03-28, online at
> +# https://journaldemonaco.gouv.mc/var/jdm/storage/original/application/de74ffb7db53d4f599059fe8f0ed482a.pdf
> +# we read an ordinance of 1911-03-16: ...
> +# [Legal time in the Principality will be set, from the date of promulgation
> +# of the present ordinance, to legal time in France.... Consequently, legal
> +# time will be retarded by 9 minutes and 21 seconds.]
> +#
> +Zone Europe/Monaco 0:29:32 - LMT 1892 Jun 1
> + 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 29 # Paris Mean Time
> + 0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00
> + 1:00 France CE%sT 1977
> + 1:00 EU CE%sT
> +
> +
> +# Norway
> +
> +# http://met.no/met/met_lex/q_u/sommertid.html (2004-01) agrees with Shanks &
> +# Pottenger.
> +Rule Norway 1916 only - May 22 1:00 1:00 S
> +Rule Norway 1916 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 -
> +Rule Norway 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S
> +Rule Norway 1945 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 -
> +Rule Norway 1959 1964 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 S
> +Rule Norway 1959 1965 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00s 0 -
> +Rule Norway 1965 only - Apr 25 2:00s 1:00 S
> +
> +Zone Europe/Oslo 0:43:00 - LMT 1895 Jan 1
> + 1:00 Norway CE%sT 1940 Aug 10 23:00
> + 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00
> + 1:00 Norway CE%sT 1980
> + 1:00 EU CE%sT
> +Link Europe/Oslo Arctic/Longyearbyen
> +
> # Bosnia and Herzegovina
> Zone Europe/Sarajevo 1:13:40 - LMT 1884
> 1:00 - CET 1941 Apr 18 23:00
> @@ -763,6 +1544,64 @@ Zone Europe/Skopje 1:25:44 - LMT 1884
> 1:00 - CET 1982 Nov 27
> 1:00 EU CE%sT
>
> +
> +# Sweden
> +
> +# From Ivan Nilsson (2001-04-13), superseding Shanks & Pottenger:
> +#
> +# The law "Svensk författningssamling 1878, no 14" about standard time in 1879:
> +# From the beginning of 1879 (that is 01-01 00:00) the time for all
> +# places in the country is "the mean solar time for the meridian at
> +# three degrees, or twelve minutes of time, to the west of the
> +# meridian of the Observatory of Stockholm". The law is dated 1878-05-31.
> +#
> +# The observatory at that time had the meridian 18° 03' 30"
> +# eastern longitude = 01:12:14 in time. Less 12 minutes gives the
> +# national standard time as 01:00:14 ahead of GMT....
> +#
> +# About the beginning of CET in Sweden. The lawtext ("Svensk
> +# författningssamling 1899, no 44") states, that "from the beginning
> +# of 1900... ... the same as the mean solar time for the meridian at
> +# the distance of one hour of time from the meridian of the English
> +# observatory at Greenwich, or at 12 minutes 14 seconds to the west
> +# from the meridian of the Observatory of Stockholm". The law is dated
> +# 1899-06-16. In short: At 1900-01-01 00:00:00 the new standard time
> +# in Sweden is 01:00:00 ahead of GMT.
> +#
> +# 1916: The lawtext ("Svensk författningssamling 1916, no 124") states
> +# that "1916-05-15 is considered to begin one hour earlier". It is
> +# pretty obvious that at 05-14 23:00 the clocks are set to 05-15 00:00....
> +# Further the law says, that "1916-09-30 is considered to end one hour later".
> +#
> +# The laws regulating [DST] are available on the site of the Swedish
> +# Parliament beginning with 1985 - the laws regulating 1980/1984 are
> +# not available on the site (to my knowledge they are only available
> +# in Swedish): <http://www.riksdagen.se/english/work/sfst.asp> (type
> +# "sommartid" without the quotes in the field "Fritext" and then click
> +# the Sök-button).
> +#
> +# (2001-05-13):
> +#
> +# I have now found a newspaper stating that at 1916-10-01 01:00
> +# summertime the church-clocks etc were set back one hour to show
> +# 1916-10-01 00:00 standard time. The article also reports that some
> +# people thought the switch to standard time would take place already
> +# at 1916-10-01 00:00 summer time, but they had to wait for another
> +# hour before the event took place.
> +#
> +# Source: The newspaper "Dagens Nyheter", 1916-10-01, page 7 upper left.
> +
> +# An extra-special abbreviation style is SET for Swedish Time (svensk
> +# normaltid) 1879-1899, 3° west of the Stockholm Observatory.
> +
> +Zone Europe/Stockholm 1:12:12 - LMT 1879 Jan 1
> + 1:00:14 - SET 1900 Jan 1 # Swedish Time
> + 1:00 - CET 1916 May 14 23:00
> + 1:00 1:00 CEST 1916 Oct 1 1:00
> + 1:00 - CET 1980
> + 1:00 EU CE%sT
> +
> +
> # Moldova / Transnistria
> Zone Europe/Tiraspol 1:58:32 - LMT 1880
> 1:55 - CMT 1918 Feb 15 # Chisinau MT
> @@ -793,18 +1632,118 @@ Zone Indian/Antananarivo 3:10:04 - LMT 1911 Jul
> 3:00 1:00 EAST 1954 May 29 23:00s
> 3:00 - EAT
>
> +# Christmas
> +Zone Indian/Christmas 7:02:52 - LMT 1895 Feb
> + 7:00 - +07
> +
> +# Cocos (Keeling) Is
> +# These islands were ruled by the Ross family from about 1830 to 1978.
> +# We don't know when standard time was introduced; for now, we guess 1900.
> +Zone Indian/Cocos 6:27:40 - LMT 1900
> + 6:30 - +0630
> +
> # Comoros
> Zone Indian/Comoro 2:53:04 - LMT 1911 Jul # Moroni, Gran Comoro
> 3:00 - EAT
>
> +# Kerguelen
> +Zone Indian/Kerguelen 0 - -00 1950 # Port-aux-Français
> + 5:00 - +05
> +
> +# Seychelles
> +#
> +# From P Chan (2020-11-27):
> +# Standard Time was adopted on 1907-01-01.
> +#
> +# Standard Time Ordinance (Chapter 237)
> +# The Laws of Seychelles in Force on the 31st December, 1971, Vol. 6, p 571
> +# https://books.google.com/books?id=efE-AQAAIAAJ&pg=PA571
> +#
> +# From Tim Parenti (2020-12-05):
> +# A footnote on https://books.google.com/books?id=DYdDAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA1689
> +# confirms that Ordinance No. 9 of 1906 "was brought into force on the 1st
> +# January, 1907."
> +
> +Zone Indian/Mahe 3:41:48 - LMT 1907 Jan 1 # Victoria
> + 4:00 - +04
> +# From Paul Eggert (2001-05-30):
> +# Aldabra, Farquhar, and Desroches, originally dependencies of the
> +# Seychelles, were transferred to the British Indian Ocean Territory
> +# in 1965 and returned to Seychelles control in 1976. We don't know
> +# whether this affected their time zone, so omit this for now.
> +# Possibly the islands were uninhabited.
> +
> +
> +# Maldives
> +Zone Indian/Maldives 4:54:00 - LMT 1880 # Malé
> + 4:54:00 - MMT 1960 # Malé Mean Time
> + 5:00 - +05
> +
> # Mayotte
> Zone Indian/Mayotte 3:00:56 - LMT 1911 Jul # Mamoutzou
> 3:00 - EAT
>
> -# US minor outlying islands
> +# Réunion
> +Zone Indian/Reunion 3:41:52 - LMT 1911 Jun # Saint-Denis
> + 4:00 - +04
> +#
> +# Scattered Islands (Îles Éparses) administered from Réunion are as follows.
> +# The following information about them is taken from
> +# Îles Éparses (<http://www.outre-mer.gouv.fr/domtom/ile.htm>, 1997-07-22,
> +# in French; no longer available as of 1999-08-17).
> +# We have no info about their time zone histories.
> +#
> +# Bassas da India - uninhabited
> +# Europa Island - inhabited from 1905 to 1910 by two families
> +# Glorioso Is - inhabited until at least 1958
> +# Juan de Nova - uninhabited
> +# Tromelin - inhabited until at least 1958
> +
> +# Micronesia
> +# Also see commentary for Micronesia in 'australasia'.
> +#
> +# From Paul Eggert (2018-11-18):
> +# Alan Eugene Davis writes (1996-03-16),
> +# "I am certain, having lived there for the past decade, that 'Truk'
> +# (now properly known as Chuuk) ... is in the time zone GMT+10."
> +# Shanks & Pottenger write that Truk switched from UT +10 to +11
> +# on 1978-10-01; ignore this for now.
> +Zone Pacific/Chuuk -13:52:52 - LMT 1844 Dec 31
> + 10:07:08 - LMT 1901
> + 10:00 - +10 1914 Oct
> + 9:00 - +09 1919 Feb 1
> + 10:00 - +10 1941 Apr 1
> + 9:00 - +09 1945 Aug
> + 10:00 - +10
> +Link Pacific/Chuuk Pacific/Truk
> +Link Pacific/Chuuk Pacific/Yap
> +
> +# Tuvalu
> +Zone Pacific/Funafuti 11:56:52 - LMT 1901
> + 12:00 - +12
> +
> +# Gambier Islands
> +Zone Pacific/Gambier -8:59:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Rikitea
> + -9:00 - -09
> +
> +# Solomon Islands
> +Zone Pacific/Guadalcanal 10:39:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Honiara
> + 11:00 - +11
> +
> +# Johnston
> Zone Pacific/Johnston -10:00 - HST
>
> -# US minor outlying islands
> +# Marshall Is
> +Zone Pacific/Majuro 11:24:48 - LMT 1901
> + 11:00 - +11 1914 Oct
> + 9:00 - +09 1919 Feb 1
> + 11:00 - +11 1937
> + 10:00 - +10 1941 Apr 1
> + 9:00 - +09 1944 Jan 30
> + 11:00 - +11 1969 Oct
> + 12:00 - +12
> +
> +# Midway
> #
> # From Mark Brader (2005-01-23):
> # [Fallacies and Fantasies of Air Transport History, by R.E.G. Davies,
> @@ -821,9 +1760,71 @@ Zone Pacific/Midway -11:49:28 - LMT 1901
> -11:00 1:00 -10 1956 Sep 2
> -11:00 - -11
>
> +# Palau (Belau)
> +# See commentary for Micronesia in 'australasia'.
> +Zone Pacific/Palau -15:02:04 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 # Koror
> + 8:57:56 - LMT 1901
> + 9:00 - +09
> +
> +# Micronesia
> +# See commentary for Micronesia in 'australasia'.
> +Zone Pacific/Pohnpei -13:27:08 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 # Kolonia
> + 10:32:52 - LMT 1901
> + 11:00 - +11 1914 Oct
> + 9:00 - +09 1919 Feb 1
> + 11:00 - +11 1937
> + 10:00 - +10 1941 Apr 1
> + 9:00 - +09 1945 Aug
> + 11:00 - +11
> +Link Pacific/Pohnpei Pacific/Ponape
> +
> +# Papua New Guinea
> +Zone Pacific/Port_Moresby 9:48:40 - LMT 1880
> + 9:48:32 - PMMT 1895 # Port Moresby Mean Time
> + 10:00 - +10
> +
> # N Mariana Is
> Zone Pacific/Saipan -14:17:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31
> 9:43:00 - LMT 1901
> 9:00 - +09 1969 Oct
> 10:00 - +10 2000 Dec 23
> 10:00 - ChST # Chamorro Standard Time
> +
> +# Society Islands
> +Zone Pacific/Tahiti -9:58:16 - LMT 1912 Oct # Papeete
> + -10:00 - -10
> +
> +# Gilbert Islands
> +Zone Pacific/Tarawa 11:32:04 - LMT 1901 # Bairiki
> + 12:00 - +12
> +
> +
> +# Wake
> +
> +# From Vernice Anderson, Personal Secretary to Philip Jessup,
> +# US Ambassador At Large (oral history interview, 1971-02-02):
> +#
> +# Saturday, the 14th [of October, 1950] - ... The time was all the
> +# more confusing at that point, because we had crossed the
> +# International Date Line, thus getting two Sundays. Furthermore, we
> +# discovered that Wake Island had two hours of daylight saving time
> +# making calculation of time in Washington difficult if not almost
> +# impossible.
> +#
> +# https://www.trumanlibrary.org/oralhist/andrsonv.htm
> +
> +# From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23):
> +# We have no other report of DST in Wake Island, so omit this info for now.
> +
> +# Also see commentary for Micronesia in 'australasia'.
> +Zone Pacific/Wake 11:06:28 - LMT 1901
> + 12:00 - +12
> +
> +
> +# Wallis and Futuna
> +Zone Pacific/Wallis 12:15:20 - LMT 1901
> + 12:00 - +12
> +
> +# Local Variables:
> +# coding: utf-8
> +# End:
> diff --git a/checktab.awk b/checktab.awk
> index d5317ac..5748341 100644
> --- a/checktab.awk
> +++ b/checktab.awk
> @@ -147,7 +147,7 @@ $1 ~ /^#/ { next }
> ruleUsed[$2] = 1
> if ($3 ~ /%/) rulePercentUsed[$2] = 1
> }
> - if (tz && tz ~ /\//) {
> + if (tz && tz ~ /\// && tz !~ /^Etc\//) {
> if (!tztab[tz]) {
> printf "%s: no data for '%s'\n", zone_table, tz \
> >>"/dev/stderr"
> @@ -171,7 +171,7 @@ END {
> }
> }
> for (tz in tztab) {
> - if (!zoneSeen[tz]) {
> + if (!zoneSeen[tz] && tz !~ /^Etc\//) {
> printf "%s:%d: no Zone table for '%s'\n", \
> zone_table, tz2NR[tz], tz >>"/dev/stderr"
> status = 1
> diff --git a/etcetera b/etcetera
> index 1dc7411..dc21c4d 100644
> --- a/etcetera
> +++ b/etcetera
> @@ -12,6 +12,8 @@
> # Starting with POSIX 1003.1-2001, the entries below are all
> # unnecessary as settings for the TZ environment variable. E.g.,
> # instead of TZ='Etc/GMT+4' one can use the POSIX setting TZ='<-04>+4'.
> +# However, some entries are needed if 'backward' is used:
> +# for example, the 'backward' file links Etc/GMT to Africa/Abidjan.
> #
> # Do not use a POSIX TZ setting like TZ='GMT+4', which is four hours
> # behind GMT but uses the completely misleading abbreviation "GMT".
> diff --git a/europe b/europe
> index 9e73fa9..b9289d3 100644
> --- a/europe
> +++ b/europe
> @@ -68,7 +68,6 @@
> # 0:00 GMT BST BDST Greenwich, British Summer
> # 0:00 GMT IST Greenwich, Irish Summer
> # 0:00 WET WEST WEMT Western Europe
> -# 0:19:32.13 AMT* NST* Amsterdam, Netherlands Summer (1835-1937)
> # 1:00 BST British Standard (1968-1971)
> # 1:00 IST GMT Irish Standard (1968-) with winter DST
> # 1:00 CET CEST CEMT Central Europe
> @@ -1024,59 +1023,8 @@ Zone Europe/Prague 0:57:44 - LMT 1850
> # Use Europe/Prague also for Slovakia.
>
> # Denmark, Faroe Islands, and Greenland
> +# For Denmark see Europe/Berlin.
>
> -# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2005-04-26):
> -# the law [introducing standard time] was in effect from 1894-01-01....
> -# The page https://www.retsinformation.dk/eli/lta/1893/83
> -# confirms this, and states that the law was put forth 1893-03-29.
> -#
> -# The EU [actually, EEC and Euratom] treaty with effect from 1973:
> -# https://www.retsinformation.dk/eli/lta/1972/21100
> -#
> -# This provoked a new law from 1974 to make possible summer time changes
> -# in subsequent decrees with the law
> -# https://www.retsinformation.dk/eli/lta/1974/223
> -#
> -# It seems however that no decree was set forward until 1980. I have
> -# not found any decree, but in another related law, the effecting DST
> -# changes are stated explicitly to be from 1980-04-06 at 02:00 to
> -# 1980-09-28 at 02:00. If this is true, this differs slightly from
> -# the EU rule in that DST runs to 02:00, not 03:00. We don't know
> -# when Denmark began using the EU rule correctly, but we have only
> -# confirmation of the 1980-time, so I presume it was correct in 1981:
> -# The law is about the management of the extra hour, concerning
> -# working hours reported and effect on obligatory-rest rules (which
> -# was suspended on that night):
> -# https://web.archive.org/web/20140104053304/https://www.retsinformation.dk/Forms/R0710.aspx?id=60267
> -
> -# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2005-06-11):
> -# The Herning Folkeblad (1980-09-26) reported that the night between
> -# Saturday and Sunday the clock is set back from three to two.
> -
> -# From Paul Eggert (2005-06-11):
> -# Hence the "02:00" of the 1980 law refers to standard time, not
> -# wall-clock time, and so the EU rules were in effect in 1980.
> -
> -# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
> -Rule Denmark 1916 only - May 14 23:00 1:00 S
> -Rule Denmark 1916 only - Sep 30 23:00 0 -
> -Rule Denmark 1940 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 S
> -Rule Denmark 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S
> -Rule Denmark 1945 only - Aug 15 2:00s 0 -
> -Rule Denmark 1946 only - May 1 2:00s 1:00 S
> -Rule Denmark 1946 only - Sep 1 2:00s 0 -
> -Rule Denmark 1947 only - May 4 2:00s 1:00 S
> -Rule Denmark 1947 only - Aug 10 2:00s 0 -
> -Rule Denmark 1948 only - May 9 2:00s 1:00 S
> -Rule Denmark 1948 only - Aug 8 2:00s 0 -
> -#
> -# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
> -Zone Europe/Copenhagen 0:50:20 - LMT 1890
> - 0:50:20 - CMT 1894 Jan 1 # Copenhagen MT
> - 1:00 Denmark CE%sT 1942 Nov 2 2:00s
> - 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00
> - 1:00 Denmark CE%sT 1980
> - 1:00 EU CE%sT
> Zone Atlantic/Faroe -0:27:04 - LMT 1908 Jan 11 # Tórshavn
> 0:00 - WET 1981
> 0:00 EU WE%sT
> @@ -1621,62 +1569,7 @@ Zone Europe/Budapest 1:16:20 - LMT 1890 Nov 1
> 1:00 EU CE%sT
>
> # Iceland
> -#
> -# From Adam David (1993-11-06):
> -# The name of the timezone in Iceland for system / mail / news purposes is GMT.
> -#
> -# (1993-12-05):
> -# This material is paraphrased from the 1988 edition of the University of
> -# Iceland Almanak.
> -#
> -# From January 1st, 1908 the whole of Iceland was standardised at 1 hour
> -# behind GMT. Previously, local mean solar time was used in different parts
> -# of Iceland, the almanak had been based on ReykjavÃk mean solar time which
> -# was 1 hour and 28 minutes behind GMT.
> -#
> -# "first day of winter" referred to [below] means the first day of the 26 weeks
> -# of winter, according to the old icelandic calendar that dates back to the
> -# time the norsemen first settled Iceland. The first day of winter is always
> -# Saturday, but is not dependent on the Julian or Gregorian calendars.
> -#
> -# (1993-12-10):
> -# I have a reference from the Oxford Icelandic-English dictionary for the
> -# beginning of winter, which ties it to the ecclesiastical calendar (and thus
> -# to the julian/gregorian calendar) over the period in question.
> -# the winter begins on the Saturday next before St. Luke's day
> -# (old style), or on St. Luke's day, if a Saturday.
> -# St. Luke's day ought to be traceable from ecclesiastical sources. "old style"
> -# might be a reference to the Julian calendar as opposed to Gregorian, or it
> -# might mean something else (???).
> -#
> -# From Paul Eggert (2014-11-22):
> -# The information below is taken from the 1988 Almanak; see
> -# http://www.almanak.hi.is/klukkan.html
> -#
> -# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
> -Rule Iceland 1917 1919 - Feb 19 23:00 1:00 -
> -Rule Iceland 1917 only - Oct 21 1:00 0 -
> -Rule Iceland 1918 1919 - Nov 16 1:00 0 -
> -Rule Iceland 1921 only - Mar 19 23:00 1:00 -
> -Rule Iceland 1921 only - Jun 23 1:00 0 -
> -Rule Iceland 1939 only - Apr 29 23:00 1:00 -
> -Rule Iceland 1939 only - Oct 29 2:00 0 -
> -Rule Iceland 1940 only - Feb 25 2:00 1:00 -
> -Rule Iceland 1940 1941 - Nov Sun>=2 1:00s 0 -
> -Rule Iceland 1941 1942 - Mar Sun>=2 1:00s 1:00 -
> -# 1943-1946 - first Sunday in March until first Sunday in winter
> -Rule Iceland 1943 1946 - Mar Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 -
> -Rule Iceland 1942 1948 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00s 0 -
> -# 1947-1967 - first Sunday in April until first Sunday in winter
> -Rule Iceland 1947 1967 - Apr Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 -
> -# 1949 and 1967 Oct transitions delayed by 1 week
> -Rule Iceland 1949 only - Oct 30 1:00s 0 -
> -Rule Iceland 1950 1966 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00s 0 -
> -Rule Iceland 1967 only - Oct 29 1:00s 0 -
> -# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
> -Zone Atlantic/Reykjavik -1:28 - LMT 1908
> - -1:00 Iceland -01/+00 1968 Apr 7 1:00s
> - 0:00 - GMT
> +# See Etc/GMT.
>
> # Italy
> #
> @@ -1947,40 +1840,7 @@ Zone Europe/Vilnius 1:41:16 - LMT 1880
> 2:00 EU EE%sT
>
> # Luxembourg
> -# Whitman disagrees with most of these dates in minor ways;
> -# go with Shanks & Pottenger.
> -# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
> -Rule Lux 1916 only - May 14 23:00 1:00 S
> -Rule Lux 1916 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 -
> -Rule Lux 1917 only - Apr 28 23:00 1:00 S
> -Rule Lux 1917 only - Sep 17 1:00 0 -
> -Rule Lux 1918 only - Apr Mon>=15 2:00s 1:00 S
> -Rule Lux 1918 only - Sep Mon>=15 2:00s 0 -
> -Rule Lux 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00 1:00 S
> -Rule Lux 1919 only - Oct 5 3:00 0 -
> -Rule Lux 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00 1:00 S
> -Rule Lux 1920 only - Oct 24 2:00 0 -
> -Rule Lux 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00 1:00 S
> -Rule Lux 1921 only - Oct 26 2:00 0 -
> -Rule Lux 1922 only - Mar 25 23:00 1:00 S
> -Rule Lux 1922 only - Oct Sun>=2 1:00 0 -
> -Rule Lux 1923 only - Apr 21 23:00 1:00 S
> -Rule Lux 1923 only - Oct Sun>=2 2:00 0 -
> -Rule Lux 1924 only - Mar 29 23:00 1:00 S
> -Rule Lux 1924 1928 - Oct Sun>=2 1:00 0 -
> -Rule Lux 1925 only - Apr 5 23:00 1:00 S
> -Rule Lux 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00 1:00 S
> -Rule Lux 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00 1:00 S
> -Rule Lux 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00 1:00 S
> -Rule Lux 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00 1:00 S
> -# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
> -Zone Europe/Luxembourg 0:24:36 - LMT 1904 Jun
> - 1:00 Lux CE%sT 1918 Nov 25
> - 0:00 Lux WE%sT 1929 Oct 6 2:00s
> - 0:00 Belgium WE%sT 1940 May 14 3:00
> - 1:00 C-Eur WE%sT 1944 Sep 18 3:00
> - 1:00 Belgium CE%sT 1977
> - 1:00 EU CE%sT
> +# See Europe/Brussels.
>
> # North Macedonia
> # See Europe/Belgrade.
> @@ -2081,122 +1941,16 @@ Zone Europe/Chisinau 1:55:20 - LMT 1880
> 2:00 Moldova EE%sT
>
> # Monaco
> -#
> -# From Michael Deckers (2020-06-12):
> -# In the "Journal de Monaco" of 1892-05-24, online at
> -# https://journaldemonaco.gouv.mc/var/jdm/storage/original/application/b1c67c12c5af11b41ea888fb048e4fe8.pdf
> -# we read: ...
> -# [In virtue of a Sovereign Ordinance of the May 13 of the current [year],
> -# legal time in the Principality will be set to, from the date of June 1,
> -# 1892 onwards, to the meridian of Paris, as in France.]
> -# In the "Journal de Monaco" of 1911-03-28, online at
> -# https://journaldemonaco.gouv.mc/var/jdm/storage/original/application/de74ffb7db53d4f599059fe8f0ed482a.pdf
> -# we read an ordinance of 1911-03-16: ...
> -# [Legal time in the Principality will be set, from the date of promulgation
> -# of the present ordinance, to legal time in France.... Consequently, legal
> -# time will be retarded by 9 minutes and 21 seconds.]
> -#
> -# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
> -Zone Europe/Monaco 0:29:32 - LMT 1892 Jun 1
> - 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 29 # Paris Mean Time
> - 0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00
> - 1:00 France CE%sT 1977
> - 1:00 EU CE%sT
> +# See Europe/Paris.
>
> # Montenegro
> # See Europe/Belgrade.
>
> # Netherlands
> -
> -# Howse writes that the Netherlands' railways used GMT between 1892 and 1940,
> -# but for other purposes the Netherlands used Amsterdam mean time.
> -
> -# However, Robert H. van Gent writes (2001-04-01):
> -# Howse's statement is only correct up to 1909. From 1909-05-01 (00:00:00
> -# Amsterdam mean time) onwards, the whole of the Netherlands (including
> -# the Dutch railways) was required by law to observe Amsterdam mean time
> -# (19 minutes 32.13 seconds ahead of GMT). This had already been the
> -# common practice (except for the railways) for many decades but it was
> -# not until 1909 when the Dutch government finally defined this by law.
> -# On 1937-07-01 this was changed to 20 minutes (exactly) ahead of GMT and
> -# was generally known as Dutch Time ("Nederlandse Tijd").
> -#
> -# (2001-04-08):
> -# 1892-05-01 was the date when the Dutch railways were by law required to
> -# observe GMT while the remainder of the Netherlands adhered to the common
> -# practice of following Amsterdam mean time.
> -#
> -# (2001-04-09):
> -# In 1835 the authorities of the province of North Holland requested the
> -# municipal authorities of the towns and cities in the province to observe
> -# Amsterdam mean time but I do not know in how many cases this request was
> -# actually followed.
> -#
> -# From 1852 onwards the Dutch telegraph offices were by law required to
> -# observe Amsterdam mean time. As the time signals from the observatory of
> -# Leiden were also distributed by the telegraph system, I assume that most
> -# places linked up with the telegraph (and railway) system automatically
> -# adopted Amsterdam mean time.
> -#
> -# Although the early Dutch railway companies initially observed a variety
> -# of times, most of them had adopted Amsterdam mean time by 1858 but it
> -# was not until 1866 when they were all required by law to observe
> -# Amsterdam mean time.
> -
> -# The data entries before 1945 are taken from
> -# https://www.staff.science.uu.nl/~gent0113/wettijd/wettijd.htm
> -
> -# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
> -Rule Neth 1916 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 NST # Netherlands Summer Time
> -Rule Neth 1916 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 AMT # Amsterdam Mean Time
> -Rule Neth 1917 only - Apr 16 2:00s 1:00 NST
> -Rule Neth 1917 only - Sep 17 2:00s 0 AMT
> -Rule Neth 1918 1921 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00s 1:00 NST
> -Rule Neth 1918 1921 - Sep lastMon 2:00s 0 AMT
> -Rule Neth 1922 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 NST
> -Rule Neth 1922 1936 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 AMT
> -Rule Neth 1923 only - Jun Fri>=1 2:00s 1:00 NST
> -Rule Neth 1924 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 NST
> -Rule Neth 1925 only - Jun Fri>=1 2:00s 1:00 NST
> -# From 1926 through 1939 DST began 05-15, except that it was delayed by a week
> -# in years when 05-15 fell in the Pentecost weekend.
> -Rule Neth 1926 1931 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 NST
> -Rule Neth 1932 only - May 22 2:00s 1:00 NST
> -Rule Neth 1933 1936 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 NST
> -Rule Neth 1937 only - May 22 2:00s 1:00 NST
> -Rule Neth 1937 only - Jul 1 0:00 1:00 S
> -Rule Neth 1937 1939 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 -
> -Rule Neth 1938 1939 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 S
> -Rule Neth 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S
> -Rule Neth 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 -
> -#
> -# Amsterdam Mean Time was +00:19:32.13, but the .13 is omitted
> -# below because the current format requires STDOFF to be an integer.
> -# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
> -Zone Europe/Amsterdam 0:19:32 - LMT 1835
> - 0:19:32 Neth %s 1937 Jul 1
> - 0:20 Neth +0020/+0120 1940 May 16 0:00
> - 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00
> - 1:00 Neth CE%sT 1977
> - 1:00 EU CE%sT
> +# See Europe/Brussels.
>
> # Norway
> -# http://met.no/met/met_lex/q_u/sommertid.html (2004-01) agrees with Shanks &
> -# Pottenger.
> -# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
> -Rule Norway 1916 only - May 22 1:00 1:00 S
> -Rule Norway 1916 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 -
> -Rule Norway 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S
> -Rule Norway 1945 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 -
> -Rule Norway 1959 1964 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 S
> -Rule Norway 1959 1965 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00s 0 -
> -Rule Norway 1965 only - Apr 25 2:00s 1:00 S
> -# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
> -Zone Europe/Oslo 0:43:00 - LMT 1895 Jan 1
> - 1:00 Norway CE%sT 1940 Aug 10 23:00
> - 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00
> - 1:00 Norway CE%sT 1980
> - 1:00 EU CE%sT
> +# See Europe/Berlin.
>
> # Svalbard & Jan Mayen
>
> @@ -2243,7 +1997,7 @@ Zone Europe/Oslo 0:43:00 - LMT 1895 Jan 1
> # the German armed forces at the Svalbard weather station code-named
> # Haudegen did not surrender to the Allies until September 1945.
> #
> -# All these events predate our cutoff date of 1970, so use Europe/Oslo
> +# All these events predate our cutoff date of 1970, so use Europe/Berlin
> # for these regions.
>
>
> @@ -3627,58 +3381,7 @@ Zone Atlantic/Canary -1:01:36 - LMT 1922 Mar # Las Palmas de Gran C.
> # Ignore this for now, as the Canaries are part of the EU.
>
> # Sweden
> -
> -# From Ivan Nilsson (2001-04-13), superseding Shanks & Pottenger:
> -#
> -# The law "Svensk författningssamling 1878, no 14" about standard time in 1879:
> -# From the beginning of 1879 (that is 01-01 00:00) the time for all
> -# places in the country is "the mean solar time for the meridian at
> -# three degrees, or twelve minutes of time, to the west of the
> -# meridian of the Observatory of Stockholm". The law is dated 1878-05-31.
> -#
> -# The observatory at that time had the meridian 18° 03' 30"
> -# eastern longitude = 01:12:14 in time. Less 12 minutes gives the
> -# national standard time as 01:00:14 ahead of GMT....
> -#
> -# About the beginning of CET in Sweden. The lawtext ("Svensk
> -# författningssamling 1899, no 44") states, that "from the beginning
> -# of 1900... ... the same as the mean solar time for the meridian at
> -# the distance of one hour of time from the meridian of the English
> -# observatory at Greenwich, or at 12 minutes 14 seconds to the west
> -# from the meridian of the Observatory of Stockholm". The law is dated
> -# 1899-06-16. In short: At 1900-01-01 00:00:00 the new standard time
> -# in Sweden is 01:00:00 ahead of GMT.
> -#
> -# 1916: The lawtext ("Svensk författningssamling 1916, no 124") states
> -# that "1916-05-15 is considered to begin one hour earlier". It is
> -# pretty obvious that at 05-14 23:00 the clocks are set to 05-15 00:00....
> -# Further the law says, that "1916-09-30 is considered to end one hour later".
> -#
> -# The laws regulating [DST] are available on the site of the Swedish
> -# Parliament beginning with 1985 - the laws regulating 1980/1984 are
> -# not available on the site (to my knowledge they are only available
> -# in Swedish): <http://www.riksdagen.se/english/work/sfst.asp> (type
> -# "sommartid" without the quotes in the field "Fritext" and then click
> -# the Sök-button).
> -#
> -# (2001-05-13):
> -#
> -# I have now found a newspaper stating that at 1916-10-01 01:00
> -# summertime the church-clocks etc were set back one hour to show
> -# 1916-10-01 00:00 standard time. The article also reports that some
> -# people thought the switch to standard time would take place already
> -# at 1916-10-01 00:00 summer time, but they had to wait for another
> -# hour before the event took place.
> -#
> -# Source: The newspaper "Dagens Nyheter", 1916-10-01, page 7 upper left.
> -
> -# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
> -Zone Europe/Stockholm 1:12:12 - LMT 1879 Jan 1
> - 1:00:14 - SET 1900 Jan 1 # Swedish Time
> - 1:00 - CET 1916 May 14 23:00
> - 1:00 1:00 CEST 1916 Oct 1 1:00
> - 1:00 - CET 1980
> - 1:00 EU CE%sT
> +# See Europe/Berlin.
>
> # Switzerland
> # From Howse:
> diff --git a/northamerica b/northamerica
> index b27311a..7edd8ef 100644
> --- a/northamerica
> +++ b/northamerica
> @@ -1593,24 +1593,7 @@ Zone America/Moncton -4:19:08 - LMT 1883 Dec 9
> # From Paul Eggert (2020-01-10):
> # See America/Toronto for most of Quebec, including Montreal.
> # See America/Halifax for the ÃŽles de la Madeleine and the Listuguj reserve.
> -#
> -# Matthews and Vincent (1998) also write that Quebec east of the -63
> -# meridian is supposed to observe AST, but residents as far east as
> -# Natashquan use EST/EDT, and residents east of Natashquan use AST.
> -# The Quebec department of justice writes in
> -# "The situation in Minganie and Basse-Côte-Nord"
> -# https://www.justice.gouv.qc.ca/en/department/ministre/functions-and-responsabilities/legal-time-in-quebec/the-situation-in-minganie-and-basse-cote-nord/
> -# that the coastal strip from just east of Natashquan to Blanc-Sablon
> -# observes Atlantic standard time all year round.
> -# This common practice was codified into law as of 2007; see Legal Time Act,
> -# CQLR c T-5.1 <http://legisquebec.gouv.qc.ca/en/ShowDoc/cs/T-5.1>.
> -# For lack of better info, guess this practice began around 1970, contra to
> -# Shanks & Pottenger who have this region observing AST/ADT.
> -
> -# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
> -Zone America/Blanc-Sablon -3:48:28 - LMT 1884
> - -4:00 Canada A%sT 1970
> - -4:00 - AST
> +# See America/Puerto_Rico for east of Natashquan.
>
> # Ontario
>
> @@ -1649,54 +1632,6 @@ Zone America/Blanc-Sablon -3:48:28 - LMT 1884
> # time became a comic failure in Orillia. Toronto Star 2017-07-08.
> # https://www.thestar.com/news/insight/2017/07/08/bold-attempt-at-daylight-saving-time-became-a-comic-failure-in-orillia.html
>
> -# From Paul Eggert (1997-10-17):
> -# Mark Brader writes that an article in the 1997-10-14 Toronto Star
> -# says that Atikokan, Ontario currently does not observe DST,
> -# but will vote on 11-10 whether to use EST/EDT.
> -# He also writes that the Ontario Time Act (1990, Chapter T.9)
> -# http://www.gov.on.ca/MBS/english/publications/statregs/conttext.html
> -# says that Ontario east of 90W uses EST/EDT, and west of 90W uses CST/CDT.
> -# Officially Atikokan is therefore on CST/CDT, and most likely this report
> -# concerns a non-official time observed as a matter of local practice.
> -#
> -# From Paul Eggert (2000-10-02):
> -# Matthews and Vincent (1998) write that Atikokan, Pickle Lake, and
> -# New Osnaburgh observe CST all year, that Big Trout Lake observes
> -# CST/CDT, and that Upsala and Shebandowan observe EST/EDT, all in
> -# violation of the official Ontario rules.
> -#
> -# From Paul Eggert (2006-07-09):
> -# Chris Walton (2006-07-06) mentioned an article by Stephanie MacLellan in the
> -# 2005-07-21 Chronicle-Journal, which said:
> -#
> -# The clocks in Atikokan stay set on standard time year-round.
> -# This means they spend about half the time on central time and
> -# the other half on eastern time.
> -#
> -# For the most part, the system works, Mayor Dennis Brown said.
> -#
> -# "The majority of businesses in Atikokan deal more with Eastern
> -# Canada, but there are some that deal with Western Canada," he
> -# said. "I don't see any changes happening here."
> -#
> -# Walton also writes "Supposedly Pickle Lake and Mishkeegogamang
> -# [New Osnaburgh] follow the same practice."
> -
> -# From Garry McKinnon (2006-07-14) via Chris Walton:
> -# I chatted with a member of my board who has an outstanding memory
> -# and a long history in Atikokan (and in the telecom industry) and he
> -# can say for certain that Atikokan has been practicing the current
> -# time keeping since 1952, at least.
> -
> -# From Paul Eggert (2006-07-17):
> -# Shanks & Pottenger say that Atikokan has agreed with Rainy River
> -# ever since standard time was introduced, but the information from
> -# McKinnon sounds more authoritative. For now, assume that Atikokan
> -# switched to EST immediately after WWII era daylight saving time
> -# ended. This matches the old (less-populous) America/Coral_Harbour
> -# entry since our cutoff date of 1970, so we can move
> -# America/Coral_Harbour to the 'backward' file.
> -
> # From Mark Brader (2010-03-06):
> #
> # Currently the database has:
> @@ -1842,11 +1777,7 @@ Zone America/Rainy_River -6:18:16 - LMT 1895
> -6:00 Canada C%sT 1940 Sep 29
> -6:00 1:00 CDT 1942 Feb 9 2:00s
> -6:00 Canada C%sT
> -Zone America/Atikokan -6:06:28 - LMT 1895
> - -6:00 Canada C%sT 1940 Sep 29
> - -6:00 1:00 CDT 1942 Feb 9 2:00s
> - -6:00 Canada C%sT 1945 Sep 30 2:00
> - -5:00 - EST
> +# For Atikokan see America/Panama.
>
>
> # Manitoba
> @@ -2037,60 +1968,6 @@ Zone America/Edmonton -7:33:52 - LMT 1906 Sep
> # Shanks & Pottenger write that since 1970 most of this region has
> # been like Vancouver.
> # Dawson Creek uses MST. Much of east BC is like Edmonton.
> -# Matthews and Vincent (1998) write that Creston is like Dawson Creek.
> -
> -# It seems though that (re: Creston) is not entirely correct:
> -
> -# From Chris Walton (2011-12-01):
> -# There are two areas within the Canadian province of British Columbia
> -# that do not currently observe daylight saving:
> -# a) The Creston Valley (includes the town of Creston and surrounding area)
> -# b) The eastern half of the Peace River Regional District
> -# (includes the cities of Dawson Creek and Fort St. John)
> -
> -# Earlier this year I stumbled across a detailed article about the time
> -# keeping history of Creston; it was written by Tammy Hardwick who is the
> -# manager of the Creston & District Museum. The article was written in May 2009.
> -# http://www.ilovecreston.com/?p=articles&t=spec&ar=260
> -# According to the article, Creston has not changed its clocks since June 1918.
> -# i.e. Creston has been stuck on UT-7 for 93 years.
> -# Dawson Creek, on the other hand, changed its clocks as recently as April 1972.
> -
> -# Unfortunately the exact date for the time change in June 1918 remains
> -# unknown and will be difficult to ascertain. I e-mailed Tammy a few months
> -# ago to ask if Sunday June 2 was a reasonable guess. She said it was just
> -# as plausible as any other date (in June). She also said that after writing
> -# the article she had discovered another time change in 1916; this is the
> -# subject of another article which she wrote in October 2010.
> -# http://www.creston.museum.bc.ca/index.php?module=comments&uop=view_comment&cm+id=56
> -
> -# Here is a summary of the three clock change events in Creston's history:
> -# 1. 1884 or 1885: adoption of Mountain Standard Time (GMT-7)
> -# Exact date unknown
> -# 2. Oct 1916: switch to Pacific Standard Time (GMT-8)
> -# Exact date in October unknown; Sunday October 1 is a reasonable guess.
> -# 3. June 1918: switch to Pacific Daylight Time (GMT-7)
> -# Exact date in June unknown; Sunday June 2 is a reasonable guess.
> -# note 1:
> -# On Oct 27/1918 when daylight saving ended in the rest of Canada,
> -# Creston did not change its clocks.
> -# note 2:
> -# During WWII when the Federal Government legislated a mandatory clock change,
> -# Creston did not oblige.
> -# note 3:
> -# There is no guarantee that Creston will remain on Mountain Standard Time
> -# (UTC-7) forever.
> -# The subject was debated at least once this year by the town Council.
> -# http://www.bclocalnews.com/kootenay_rockies/crestonvalleyadvance/news/116760809.html
> -
> -# During a period WWII, summer time (Daylight saying) was mandatory in Canada.
> -# In Creston, that was handled by shifting the area to PST (-8:00) then applying
> -# summer time to cause the offset to be -7:00, the same as it had been before
> -# the change. It can be argued that the timezone abbreviation during this
> -# period should be PDT rather than MST, but that doesn't seem important enough
> -# (to anyone) to further complicate the rules.
> -
> -# The transition dates (and times) are guesses.
>
> # From Matt Johnson (2015-09-21):
> # Fort Nelson, BC, Canada will cancel DST this year. So while previously they
> @@ -2144,10 +2021,7 @@ Zone America/Fort_Nelson -8:10:47 - LMT 1884
> -8:00 Vanc P%sT 1987
> -8:00 Canada P%sT 2015 Mar 8 2:00
> -7:00 - MST
> -Zone America/Creston -7:46:04 - LMT 1884
> - -7:00 - MST 1916 Oct 1
> - -8:00 - PST 1918 Jun 2
> - -7:00 - MST
> +# For Creston see America/Phoenix.
>
> # Northwest Territories, Nunavut, Yukon
>
> @@ -2929,50 +2803,11 @@ Zone America/Tijuana -7:48:04 - LMT 1922 Jan 1 0:11:56
>
> # Anguilla
> # Antigua and Barbuda
> -# See America/Port_of_Spain.
> +# See America/Puerto_Rico.
>
> # The Bahamas
> -#
> -# For 1899 Milne gives -5:09:29.5; round that.
> -#
> -# From P Chan (2020-11-27, corrected on 2020-12-02):
> -# There were two periods of DST observed in 1942-1945: 1942-05-01
> -# midnight to 1944-12-31 midnight and 1945-02-01 to 1945-10-17 midnight.
> -# "midnight" should mean 24:00 from the context.
> -#
> -# War Time Order 1942 [1942-05-01] and War Time (No. 2) Order 1942 [1942-09-29]
> -# Appendix to the Statutes of 7 George VI. and the Year 1942. p 34, 43
> -# https://books.google.com/books?id=5rlNAQAAIAAJ&pg=RA3-PA34
> -# https://books.google.com/books?id=5rlNAQAAIAAJ&pg=RA3-PA43
> -#
> -# War Time Order 1943 [1943-03-31] and War Time Order 1944 [1943-12-29]
> -# Appendix to the Statutes of 8 George VI. and the Year 1943. p 9-10, 28-29
> -# https://books.google.com/books?id=5rlNAQAAIAAJ&pg=RA4-PA9
> -# https://books.google.com/books?id=5rlNAQAAIAAJ&pg=RA4-PA28
> -#
> -# War Time Order 1945 [1945-01-31] and the Order which revoke War Time Order
> -# 1945 [1945-10-16] Appendix to the Statutes of 9 George VI. and the Year
> -# 1945. p 160, 247-248
> -# https://books.google.com/books?id=5rlNAQAAIAAJ&pg=RA6-PA160
> -# https://books.google.com/books?id=5rlNAQAAIAAJ&pg=RA6-PA247
> -#
> -# From Sue Williams (2006-12-07):
> -# The Bahamas announced about a month ago that they plan to change their DST
> -# rules to sync with the U.S. starting in 2007....
> -# http://www.jonesbahamas.com/?c=45&a=10412
> +# See America/Montreal.
>
> -# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
> -Rule Bahamas 1942 only - May 1 24:00 1:00 W
> -Rule Bahamas 1944 only - Dec 31 24:00 0 S
> -Rule Bahamas 1945 only - Feb 1 0:00 1:00 W
> -Rule Bahamas 1945 only - Aug 14 23:00u 1:00 P # Peace
> -Rule Bahamas 1945 only - Oct 17 24:00 0 S
> -Rule Bahamas 1964 1975 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
> -Rule Bahamas 1964 1975 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
> -# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
> -Zone America/Nassau -5:09:30 - LMT 1912 Mar 2
> - -5:00 Bahamas E%sT 1976
> - -5:00 US E%sT
>
> # Barbados
>
> @@ -3185,7 +3020,7 @@ Zone Atlantic/Bermuda -4:19:18 - LMT 1890 # Hamilton
> -4:00 US A%sT
>
> # Caribbean Netherlands
> -# See America/Curacao.
> +# See America/Puerto_Rico.
>
> # Cayman Is
> # See America/Panama.
> @@ -3415,7 +3250,7 @@ Zone America/Havana -5:29:28 - LMT 1890
> -5:00 Cuba C%sT
>
> # Dominica
> -# See America/Port_of_Spain.
> +# See America/Puerto_Rico.
>
> # Dominican Republic
>
> @@ -3467,7 +3302,7 @@ Zone America/El_Salvador -5:56:48 - LMT 1921 # San Salvador
> # Guadeloupe
> # St Barthélemy
> # St Martin (French part)
> -# See America/Port_of_Spain.
> +# See America/Puerto_Rico.
>
> # Guatemala
> #
> @@ -3654,7 +3489,7 @@ Zone America/Martinique -4:04:20 - LMT 1890 # Fort-de-France
> -4:00 - AST
>
> # Montserrat
> -# See America/Port_of_Spain.
> +# See America/Puerto_Rico.
>
> # Nicaragua
> #
> @@ -3737,7 +3572,7 @@ Zone America/Puerto_Rico -4:24:25 - LMT 1899 Mar 28 12:00 # San Juan
>
> # St Kitts-Nevis
> # St Lucia
> -# See America/Port_of_Spain.
> +# See America/Puerto_Rico.
>
> # St Pierre and Miquelon
> # There are too many St Pierres elsewhere, so we'll use 'Miquelon'.
> @@ -3748,10 +3583,10 @@ Zone America/Miquelon -3:44:40 - LMT 1911 May 15 # St Pierre
> -3:00 Canada -03/-02
>
> # St Vincent and the Grenadines
> -# See America/Port_of_Spain.
> +# See America/Puerto_Rico.
>
> # Sint Maarten
> -# See America/Curacao.
> +# See America/Puerto_Rico.
>
> # Turks and Caicos
> #
> @@ -3823,7 +3658,7 @@ Zone America/Grand_Turk -4:44:32 - LMT 1890
>
> # British Virgin Is
> # US Virgin Is
> -# See America/Port_of_Spain.
> +# See America/Puerto_Rico.
>
>
> # Local Variables:
> diff --git a/southamerica b/southamerica
> index eb987c5..7bc3e70 100644
> --- a/southamerica
> +++ b/southamerica
> @@ -574,14 +574,11 @@ Zone America/Argentina/Ushuaia -4:33:12 - LMT 1894 Oct 31
> -3:00 - -03
>
> # Aruba
> -# See America/Curacao.
> +# See America/Puerto_Rico.
>
> # Bolivia
> -# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
> -Zone America/La_Paz -4:32:36 - LMT 1890
> - -4:32:36 - CMT 1931 Oct 15 # Calamarca MT
> - -4:32:36 1:00 BST 1932 Mar 21 # Bolivia ST
> - -4:00 - -04
> +# See Etc/GMT+4.
> +
>
> # Brazil
>
> @@ -1369,33 +1366,12 @@ Zone America/Bogota -4:56:16 - LMT 1884 Mar 13
> # no information; probably like America/Bogota
>
> # Curaçao
> -
> -# Milne gives 4:35:46.9 for Curaçao mean time; round to nearest.
> +# See America/Puerto_Rico.
> #
> -# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
> -# Shanks & Pottenger say that The Bottom and Philipsburg have been at
> -# -4:00 since standard time was introduced on 1912-03-02; and that
> -# Kralendijk and Rincon used Kralendijk Mean Time (-4:33:08) from
> -# 1912-02-02 to 1965-01-01. The former is dubious, since S&P also say
> -# Saba Island has been like Curaçao.
> -# This all predates our 1970 cutoff, though.
> -#
> -# By July 2007 Curaçao and St Maarten are planned to become
> -# associated states within the Netherlands, much like Aruba;
> -# Bonaire, Saba and St Eustatius would become directly part of the
> -# Netherlands as Kingdom Islands. This won't affect their time zones
> -# though, as far as we know.
> -#
> -# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
> -Zone America/Curacao -4:35:47 - LMT 1912 Feb 12 # Willemstad
> - -4:30 - -0430 1965
> - -4:00 - AST
> -
> # From Arthur David Olson (2011-06-15):
> # use links for places with new iso3166 codes.
> # The name "Lower Prince's Quarter" is both longer than fourteen characters
> -# and contains an apostrophe; use "Lower_Princes" below.
> -
> +# and contains an apostrophe; use "Lower_Princes"....
> # From Paul Eggert (2021-05-06):
> # These backward-compatibility links now are in the 'backward' file.
>
> @@ -1534,10 +1510,8 @@ Zone Atlantic/Stanley -3:51:24 - LMT 1890
> -3:00 - -03
>
> # French Guiana
> -# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
> -Zone America/Cayenne -3:29:20 - LMT 1911 Jul
> - -4:00 - -04 1967 Oct
> - -3:00 - -03
> +# See Etc/GMT+3.
> +
>
> # Guyana
>
> @@ -1698,9 +1672,7 @@ Zone America/Lima -5:08:12 - LMT 1890
> -5:00 Peru -05/-04
>
> # South Georgia
> -# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
> -Zone Atlantic/South_Georgia -2:26:08 - LMT 1890 # Grytviken
> - -2:00 - -02
> +# See Etc/GMT+2.
>
> # South Sandwich Is
> # uninhabited; scientific personnel have wintered
> @@ -1714,9 +1686,7 @@ Zone America/Paramaribo -3:40:40 - LMT 1911
> -3:00 - -03
>
> # Trinidad and Tobago
> -# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
> -Zone America/Port_of_Spain -4:06:04 - LMT 1912 Mar 2
> - -4:00 - AST
> +# See America/Puerto_Rico.
>
> # Uruguay
> # From Paul Eggert (1993-11-18):
> diff --git a/theory.html b/theory.html
> index 80942e6..47a7b2d 100644
> --- a/theory.html
> +++ b/theory.html
> @@ -192,8 +192,8 @@ in decreasing order of importance:
> <code>TZ</code> strings</a>.
> A file name component must not exceed 14 characters or start with
> '<code>-</code>'.
> - E.g., prefer <code>Asia/Brunei</code> to
> - <code>Asia/Bandar_Seri_Begawan</code>.
> + E.g., prefer <code>America/Noronha</code> to
> + <code>America/Fernando_de_Noronha</code>.
> Exceptions: see the discussion of legacy names below.
> </li>
> <li>
> @@ -475,10 +475,10 @@ in decreasing order of importance:
>
> <p>
> <small>These abbreviations are:
> - AMT Amsterdam, Asunción, Athens;
> - BMT Baghdad, Bangkok, Batavia, Bermuda, Bern, Bogotá, Bridgetown,
> + AMT Asunción, Athens;
> + BMT Baghdad, Batavia, Bermuda, Bern, Bogotá, Bridgetown,
> Brussels, Bucharest;
> - CMT Calamarca, Caracas, Chisinau, Colón, Copenhagen, Córdoba;
> + CMT Calamarca, Caracas, Chisinau, Colón, Córdoba;
> DMT Dublin/Dunsink;
> EMT Easter;
> FFMT Fort-de-France;
> @@ -493,7 +493,6 @@ in decreasing order of importance:
> Moratuwa, Moscow;
> PLMT Phù Liễn;
> PMT Paramaribo, Paris, Perm, Pontianak, Prague;
> - PMMT Port Moresby;
> QMT Quito;
> RMT Rangoon, Riga, Rome;
> SDMT Santo Domingo;
> @@ -516,9 +515,7 @@ in decreasing order of importance:
> 1880–1916,
> MMT/MST/MDST for Moscow 1880–1919, and
> RMT/LST for Riga Mean Time and Latvian Summer time 1880–1926.
> - An extra-special case is SET for Swedish Time (<em>svensk
> - normaltid</em>) 1879–1899, 3° west of the Stockholm
> - Observatory.</small>
> + </small>
> </p>
> </li>
> <li>
> @@ -705,11 +702,9 @@ href="https://www.dissentmagazine.org/blog/booked-a-global-history-of-time-vanes
> <li>
> Sometimes historical timekeeping was specified more precisely
> than what the <code><abbr>tz</abbr></code> code can handle.
> - For example, from 1909 to 1937 <a
> - href="https://www.staff.science.uu.nl/~gent0113/wettijd/wettijd.htm"
> - hreflang="nl">Netherlands clocks</a> were legally Amsterdam Mean
> + For example, from 1880 to 1916 clocks in Ireland observed Dublin Mean
> Time (estimated to be <abbr>UT</abbr>
> - +00:19:32.13), but the <code><abbr>tz</abbr></code>
> + −00:25:21.1), but the <code><abbr>tz</abbr></code>
> code cannot represent the fractional second.
> In practice these old specifications were rarely if ever
> implemented to subsecond precision.
> @@ -759,7 +754,7 @@ href="https://www.dissentmagazine.org/blog/booked-a-global-history-of-time-vanes
> such as that required by POSIX.
> If <abbr>DST</abbr> is not used a different time zone
> can often do the trick; for example, in Kenya a <code>TZ</code> setting
> - like <code><-03>3</code> or <code>America/Cayenne</code> starts
> + like <code><-03>3</code> starts
> the day six hours later than <code>Africa/Nairobi</code> does.
> </li>
> <li>
> @@ -1240,11 +1235,11 @@ based on guesswork and these guesses may be corrected or improved.
>
> <p>
> Timezone boundaries are not part of the stable interface.
> -For example, even though the <samp>Asia/Bangkok</samp> timezone
> -currently includes Chang Mai, Hanoi, and Phnom Penh, this is not part
> +For example, even though the <samp>Asia/Singapore</samp> timezone
> +currently includes peninsular Malaysia as well as Singapore, this is not part
> of the stable interface and the timezone can split at any time.
> If a calendar application records a future event in some location other
> -than Bangkok by putting "<samp>Asia/Bangkok</samp>" in the event's record,
> +than Singapore by putting "<samp>Asia/Singapore</samp>" in the event's record,
> the application should be robust in the presence of timezone splits
> between now and the future time.
> </p>
> diff --git a/zone.tab b/zone.tab
> index 291e4f3..4954ae3 100644
> --- a/zone.tab
> +++ b/zone.tab
> @@ -27,23 +27,23 @@
> #country-
> #code coordinates TZ comments
> AD +4230+00131 Europe/Andorra
> -AE +2518+05518 Asia/Dubai
> +AE +2518+05518 Etc/GMT-4
> AF +3431+06912 Asia/Kabul
> -AG +1703-06148 America/Port_of_Spain
> -AI +1812-06304 America/Port_of_Spain
> +AG +1703-06148 America/Puerto_Rico
> +AI +1812-06304 America/Puerto_Rico
> AL +4120+01950 Europe/Tirane
> AM +4011+04430 Asia/Yerevan
> AO -0848+01314 Africa/Lagos
> AQ -7750+16636 Pacific/Auckland New Zealand time - McMurdo, South Pole
> AQ -6617+11031 Antarctica/Casey Casey
> AQ -6835+07758 Antarctica/Davis Davis
> -AQ -6640+14001 Antarctica/DumontDUrville Dumont-d'Urville
> +AQ -6640+14001 Etc/GMT-10 Dumont-d'Urville
> AQ -6736+06253 Antarctica/Mawson Mawson
> AQ -6448-06406 Antarctica/Palmer Palmer
> AQ -6734-06808 Antarctica/Rothera Rothera
> -AQ -690022+0393524 Antarctica/Syowa Syowa
> +AQ -690022+0393524 Etc/GMT-3 Syowa
> AQ -720041+0023206 Antarctica/Troll Troll
> -AQ -7824+10654 Antarctica/Vostok Vostok
> +AQ -7824+10654 Etc/GMT-6 Vostok
> AR -3436-05827 America/Argentina/Buenos_Aires Buenos Aires (BA, CF)
> AR -3124-06411 America/Argentina/Cordoba Argentina (most areas: CB, CC, CN, ER, FM, MN, SE, SF)
> AR -2447-06525 America/Argentina/Salta Salta (SA, LP, NQ, RN)
> @@ -70,23 +70,23 @@ AU -3455+13835 Australia/Adelaide South Australia
> AU -1228+13050 Australia/Darwin Northern Territory
> AU -3157+11551 Australia/Perth Western Australia (most areas)
> AU -3143+12852 Australia/Eucla Western Australia (Eucla)
> -AW +1230-06958 America/Curacao
> +AW +1230-06958 America/Puerto_Rico
> AX +6006+01957 Europe/Helsinki
> AZ +4023+04951 Asia/Baku
> BA +4352+01825 Europe/Belgrade
> BB +1306-05937 America/Barbados
> BD +2343+09025 Asia/Dhaka
> BE +5050+00420 Europe/Brussels
> -BF +1222-00131 Africa/Abidjan
> +BF +1222-00131 Etc/GMT
> BG +4241+02319 Europe/Sofia
> BH +2623+05035 Asia/Qatar
> BI -0323+02922 Africa/Maputo
> BJ +0629+00237 Africa/Lagos
> -BL +1753-06251 America/Port_of_Spain
> +BL +1753-06251 America/Puerto_Rico
> BM +3217-06446 Atlantic/Bermuda
> -BN +0456+11455 Asia/Brunei
> -BO -1630-06809 America/La_Paz
> -BQ +120903-0681636 America/Curacao
> +BN +0456+11455 Etc/GMT-8
> +BO -1630-06809 Etc/GMT+4
> +BQ +120903-0681636 America/Puerto_Rico
> BR -0351-03225 America/Noronha Atlantic islands
> BR -0127-04829 America/Belem Para (east); Amapa
> BR -0343-03830 America/Fortaleza Brazil (northeast: MA, PI, CE, RN, PB)
> @@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ BR +0249-06040 America/Boa_Vista Roraima
> BR -0308-06001 America/Manaus Amazonas (east)
> BR -0640-06952 America/Eirunepe Amazonas (west)
> BR -0958-06748 America/Rio_Branco Acre
> -BS +2505-07721 America/Nassau
> +BS +2505-07721 America/Toronto
> BT +2728+08939 Asia/Thimphu
> BW -2439+02555 Africa/Maputo
> BY +5354+02734 Europe/Minsk
> @@ -113,13 +113,13 @@ CA +4439-06336 America/Halifax Atlantic - NS (most areas); PE
> CA +4612-05957 America/Glace_Bay Atlantic - NS (Cape Breton)
> CA +4606-06447 America/Moncton Atlantic - New Brunswick
> CA +5320-06025 America/Goose_Bay Atlantic - Labrador (most areas)
> -CA +5125-05707 America/Blanc-Sablon AST - QC (Lower North Shore)
> +CA +5125-05707 America/Puerto_Rico AST - QC (Lower North Shore)
> CA +4339-07923 America/Toronto Eastern - ON, QC (most areas)
> CA +4901-08816 America/Nipigon Eastern - ON, QC (no DST 1967-73)
> CA +4823-08915 America/Thunder_Bay Eastern - ON (Thunder Bay)
> CA +6344-06828 America/Iqaluit Eastern - NU (most east areas)
> CA +6608-06544 America/Pangnirtung Eastern - NU (Pangnirtung)
> -CA +484531-0913718 America/Atikokan EST - ON (Atikokan); NU (Coral H)
> +CA +484531-0913718 America/Panama EST - ON (Atikokan); NU (Coral H)
> CA +4953-09709 America/Winnipeg Central - ON (west); Manitoba
> CA +4843-09434 America/Rainy_River Central - ON (Rainy R, Ft Frances)
> CA +744144-0944945 America/Resolute Central - NU (Resolute)
> @@ -130,40 +130,40 @@ CA +5333-11328 America/Edmonton Mountain - AB; BC (E); SK (W)
> CA +690650-1050310 America/Cambridge_Bay Mountain - NU (west)
> CA +6227-11421 America/Yellowknife Mountain - NT (central)
> CA +682059-1334300 America/Inuvik Mountain - NT (west)
> -CA +4906-11631 America/Creston MST - BC (Creston)
> +CA +4906-11631 America/Phoenix MST - BC (Creston)
> CA +5946-12014 America/Dawson_Creek MST - BC (Dawson Cr, Ft St John)
> CA +5848-12242 America/Fort_Nelson MST - BC (Ft Nelson)
> CA +6043-13503 America/Whitehorse MST - Yukon (east)
> CA +6404-13925 America/Dawson MST - Yukon (west)
> CA +4916-12307 America/Vancouver Pacific - BC (most areas)
> -CC -1210+09655 Indian/Cocos
> +CC -1210+09655 Asia/Yangon
> CD -0418+01518 Africa/Lagos Dem. Rep. of Congo (west)
> CD -1140+02728 Africa/Maputo Dem. Rep. of Congo (east)
> CF +0422+01835 Africa/Lagos
> CG -0416+01517 Africa/Lagos
> CH +4723+00832 Europe/Zurich
> -CI +0519-00402 Africa/Abidjan
> +CI +0519-00402 Etc/GMT
> CK -2114-15946 Pacific/Rarotonga
> CL -3327-07040 America/Santiago Chile (most areas)
> CL -5309-07055 America/Punta_Arenas Region of Magallanes
> CL -2709-10926 Pacific/Easter Easter Island
> CM +0403+00942 Africa/Lagos
> CN +3114+12128 Asia/Shanghai Beijing Time
> -CN +4348+08735 Asia/Urumqi Xinjiang Time
> +CN +4348+08735 Etc/GMT-6 Xinjiang Time
> CO +0436-07405 America/Bogota
> CR +0956-08405 America/Costa_Rica
> CU +2308-08222 America/Havana
> CV +1455-02331 Atlantic/Cape_Verde
> -CW +1211-06900 America/Curacao
> -CX -1025+10543 Indian/Christmas
> +CW +1211-06900 America/Puerto_Rico
> +CX -1025+10543 Etc/GMT-7
> CY +3510+03322 Asia/Nicosia Cyprus (most areas)
> CY +3507+03357 Asia/Famagusta Northern Cyprus
> CZ +5005+01426 Europe/Prague
> DE +5230+01322 Europe/Berlin Germany (most areas)
> DE +4742+00841 Europe/Zurich Swiss time
> DJ +1136+04309 Africa/Nairobi
> -DK +5540+01235 Europe/Copenhagen
> -DM +1518-06124 America/Port_of_Spain
> +DK +5540+01235 Europe/Berlin
> +DM +1518-06124 America/Puerto_Rico
> DO +1828-06954 America/Santo_Domingo
> DZ +3647+00303 Africa/Algiers
> EC -0210-07950 America/Guayaquil Ecuador (mainland)
> @@ -179,29 +179,29 @@ ET +0902+03842 Africa/Nairobi
> FI +6010+02458 Europe/Helsinki
> FJ -1808+17825 Pacific/Fiji
> FK -5142-05751 Atlantic/Stanley
> -FM +0725+15147 Pacific/Chuuk Chuuk/Truk, Yap
> -FM +0658+15813 Pacific/Pohnpei Pohnpei/Ponape
> +FM +0725+15147 Etc/GMT-10 Chuuk/Truk, Yap
> +FM +0658+15813 Etc/GMT-11 Pohnpei/Ponape
> FM +0519+16259 Pacific/Kosrae Kosrae
> FO +6201-00646 Atlantic/Faroe
> FR +4852+00220 Europe/Paris
> GA +0023+00927 Africa/Lagos
> GB +513030-0000731 Europe/London
> -GD +1203-06145 America/Port_of_Spain
> +GD +1203-06145 America/Puerto_Rico
> GE +4143+04449 Asia/Tbilisi
> -GF +0456-05220 America/Cayenne
> +GF +0456-05220 Etc/GMT+3
> GG +492717-0023210 Europe/London
> -GH +0533-00013 Africa/Accra
> +GH +0533-00013 Etc/GMT
> GI +3608-00521 Europe/Gibraltar
> GL +6411-05144 America/Nuuk Greenland (most areas)
> GL +7646-01840 America/Danmarkshavn National Park (east coast)
> GL +7029-02158 America/Scoresbysund Scoresbysund/Ittoqqortoormiit
> GL +7634-06847 America/Thule Thule/Pituffik
> -GM +1328-01639 Africa/Abidjan
> -GN +0931-01343 Africa/Abidjan
> -GP +1614-06132 America/Port_of_Spain
> +GM +1328-01639 Etc/GMT
> +GN +0931-01343 Etc/GMT
> +GP +1614-06132 America/Puerto_Rico
> GQ +0345+00847 Africa/Lagos
> GR +3758+02343 Europe/Athens
> -GS -5416-03632 Atlantic/South_Georgia
> +GS -5416-03632 Etc/GMT+2
> GT +1438-09031 America/Guatemala
> GU +1328+14445 Pacific/Guam
> GW +1151-01535 Africa/Bissau
> @@ -222,7 +222,7 @@ IN +2232+08822 Asia/Kolkata
> IO -0720+07225 Indian/Chagos
> IQ +3321+04425 Asia/Baghdad
> IR +3540+05126 Asia/Tehran
> -IS +6409-02151 Atlantic/Reykjavik
> +IS +6409-02151 Etc/GMT
> IT +4154+01229 Europe/Rome
> JE +491101-0020624 Europe/London
> JM +175805-0764736 America/Jamaica
> @@ -230,15 +230,15 @@ JO +3157+03556 Asia/Amman
> JP +353916+1394441 Asia/Tokyo
> KE -0117+03649 Africa/Nairobi
> KG +4254+07436 Asia/Bishkek
> -KH +1133+10455 Asia/Bangkok
> -KI +0125+17300 Pacific/Tarawa Gilbert Islands
> +KH +1133+10455 Etc/GMT-7
> +KI +0125+17300 Etc/GMT-12 Gilbert Islands
> KI -0308-17105 Pacific/Enderbury Phoenix Islands
> KI +0152-15720 Pacific/Kiritimati Line Islands
> KM -1141+04316 Africa/Nairobi
> -KN +1718-06243 America/Port_of_Spain
> +KN +1718-06243 America/Puerto_Rico
> KP +3901+12545 Asia/Pyongyang
> KR +3733+12658 Asia/Seoul
> -KW +2920+04759 Asia/Riyadh
> +KW +2920+04759 Etc/GMT-3
> KY +1918-08123 America/Panama
> KZ +4315+07657 Asia/Almaty Kazakhstan (most areas)
> KZ +4448+06528 Asia/Qyzylorda Qyzylorda/Kyzylorda/Kzyl-Orda
> @@ -247,27 +247,27 @@ KZ +5017+05710 Asia/Aqtobe Aqtobe/Aktobe
> KZ +4431+05016 Asia/Aqtau Mangghystau/Mankistau
> KZ +4707+05156 Asia/Atyrau Atyrau/Atirau/Gur'yev
> KZ +5113+05121 Asia/Oral West Kazakhstan
> -LA +1758+10236 Asia/Bangkok
> +LA +1758+10236 Etc/GMT-7
> LB +3353+03530 Asia/Beirut
> -LC +1401-06100 America/Port_of_Spain
> +LC +1401-06100 America/Puerto_Rico
> LI +4709+00931 Europe/Zurich
> LK +0656+07951 Asia/Colombo
> LR +0618-01047 Africa/Monrovia
> LS -2928+02730 Africa/Johannesburg
> LT +5441+02519 Europe/Vilnius
> -LU +4936+00609 Europe/Luxembourg
> +LU +4936+00609 Europe/Brussels
> LV +5657+02406 Europe/Riga
> LY +3254+01311 Africa/Tripoli
> MA +3339-00735 Africa/Casablanca
> -MC +4342+00723 Europe/Monaco
> +MC +4342+00723 Europe/Paris
> MD +4700+02850 Europe/Chisinau
> ME +4226+01916 Europe/Belgrade
> -MF +1804-06305 America/Port_of_Spain
> +MF +1804-06305 America/Puerto_Rico
> MG -1855+04731 Africa/Nairobi
> -MH +0709+17112 Pacific/Majuro Marshall Islands (most areas)
> +MH +0709+17112 Etc/GMT-12 Marshall Islands (most areas)
> MH +0905+16720 Pacific/Kwajalein Kwajalein
> MK +4159+02126 Europe/Belgrade
> -ML +1239-00800 Africa/Abidjan
> +ML +1239-00800 Etc/GMT
> MM +1647+09610 Asia/Yangon
> MN +4755+10653 Asia/Ulaanbaatar Mongolia (most areas)
> MN +4801+09139 Asia/Hovd Bayan-Olgiy, Govi-Altai, Hovd, Uvs, Zavkhan
> @@ -275,11 +275,11 @@ MN +4804+11430 Asia/Choibalsan Dornod, Sukhbaatar
> MO +221150+1133230 Asia/Macau
> MP +1512+14545 Pacific/Guam
> MQ +1436-06105 America/Martinique
> -MR +1806-01557 Africa/Abidjan
> -MS +1643-06213 America/Port_of_Spain
> +MR +1806-01557 Etc/GMT
> +MS +1643-06213 America/Puerto_Rico
> MT +3554+01431 Europe/Malta
> MU -2010+05730 Indian/Mauritius
> -MV +0410+07330 Indian/Maldives
> +MV +0410+07330 Etc/GMT-5
> MW -1547+03500 Africa/Maputo
> MX +1924-09909 America/Mexico_City Central Time
> MX +2105-08646 America/Cancun Eastern Standard Time - Quintana Roo
> @@ -292,8 +292,8 @@ MX +2934-10425 America/Ojinaga Mountain Time US - Chihuahua (US border)
> MX +2904-11058 America/Hermosillo Mountain Standard Time - Sonora
> MX +3232-11701 America/Tijuana Pacific Time US - Baja California
> MX +2048-10515 America/Bahia_Banderas Central Time - Bahia de Banderas
> -MY +0310+10142 Asia/Kuala_Lumpur Malaysia (peninsula)
> -MY +0133+11020 Asia/Kuching Sabah, Sarawak
> +MY +0310+10142 Asia/Singapore Malaysia (peninsula)
> +MY +0133+11020 Etc/GMT-8 Sabah, Sarawak
> MZ -2558+03235 Africa/Maputo
> NA -2234+01706 Africa/Windhoek
> NC -2216+16627 Pacific/Noumea
> @@ -301,20 +301,20 @@ NE +1331+00207 Africa/Lagos
> NF -2903+16758 Pacific/Norfolk
> NG +0627+00324 Africa/Lagos
> NI +1209-08617 America/Managua
> -NL +5222+00454 Europe/Amsterdam
> -NO +5955+01045 Europe/Oslo
> +NL +5222+00454 Europe/Brussels
> +NO +5955+01045 Europe/Berlin
> NP +2743+08519 Asia/Kathmandu
> NR -0031+16655 Pacific/Nauru
> NU -1901-16955 Pacific/Niue
> NZ -3652+17446 Pacific/Auckland New Zealand (most areas)
> NZ -4357-17633 Pacific/Chatham Chatham Islands
> -OM +2336+05835 Asia/Dubai
> +OM +2336+05835 Etc/GMT-4
> PA +0858-07932 America/Panama
> PE -1203-07703 America/Lima
> -PF -1732-14934 Pacific/Tahiti Society Islands
> +PF -1732-14934 Etc/GMT+10 Society Islands
> PF -0900-13930 Pacific/Marquesas Marquesas Islands
> -PF -2308-13457 Pacific/Gambier Gambier Islands
> -PG -0930+14710 Pacific/Port_Moresby Papua New Guinea (most areas)
> +PF -2308-13457 Etc/GMT+9 Gambier Islands
> +PG -0930+14710 Etc/GMT-10 Papua New Guinea (most areas)
> PG -0613+15534 Pacific/Bougainville Bougainville
> PH +1435+12100 Asia/Manila
> PK +2452+06703 Asia/Karachi
> @@ -327,10 +327,10 @@ PS +313200+0350542 Asia/Hebron West Bank
> PT +3843-00908 Europe/Lisbon Portugal (mainland)
> PT +3238-01654 Atlantic/Madeira Madeira Islands
> PT +3744-02540 Atlantic/Azores Azores
> -PW +0720+13429 Pacific/Palau
> +PW +0720+13429 Etc/GMT-9
> PY -2516-05740 America/Asuncion
> QA +2517+05132 Asia/Qatar
> -RE -2052+05528 Indian/Reunion
> +RE -2052+05528 Etc/GMT-4
> RO +4426+02606 Europe/Bucharest
> RS +4450+02030 Europe/Belgrade
> RU +5443+02030 Europe/Kaliningrad MSK-01 - Kaliningrad
> @@ -364,32 +364,32 @@ RU +6728+15343 Asia/Srednekolymsk MSK+08 - Sakha (E); North Kuril Is
> RU +5301+15839 Asia/Kamchatka MSK+09 - Kamchatka
> RU +6445+17729 Asia/Anadyr MSK+09 - Bering Sea
> RW -0157+03004 Africa/Maputo
> -SA +2438+04643 Asia/Riyadh
> -SB -0932+16012 Pacific/Guadalcanal
> -SC -0440+05528 Indian/Mahe
> +SA +2438+04643 Etc/GMT-3
> +SB -0932+16012 Etc/GMT-11
> +SC -0440+05528 Etc/GMT-4
> SD +1536+03232 Africa/Khartoum
> -SE +5920+01803 Europe/Stockholm
> +SE +5920+01803 Europe/Berlin
> SG +0117+10351 Asia/Singapore
> -SH -1555-00542 Africa/Abidjan
> +SH -1555-00542 Etc/GMT
> SI +4603+01431 Europe/Belgrade
> -SJ +7800+01600 Europe/Oslo
> +SJ +7800+01600 Europe/Berlin
> SK +4809+01707 Europe/Prague
> -SL +0830-01315 Africa/Abidjan
> +SL +0830-01315 Etc/GMT
> SM +4355+01228 Europe/Rome
> -SN +1440-01726 Africa/Abidjan
> +SN +1440-01726 Etc/GMT
> SO +0204+04522 Africa/Nairobi
> SR +0550-05510 America/Paramaribo
> SS +0451+03137 Africa/Juba
> ST +0020+00644 Africa/Sao_Tome
> SV +1342-08912 America/El_Salvador
> -SX +180305-0630250 America/Curacao
> +SX +180305-0630250 America/Puerto_Rico
> SY +3330+03618 Asia/Damascus
> SZ -2618+03106 Africa/Johannesburg
> TC +2128-07108 America/Grand_Turk
> TD +1207+01503 Africa/Ndjamena
> -TF -492110+0701303 Indian/Kerguelen
> -TG +0608+00113 Africa/Abidjan
> -TH +1345+10031 Asia/Bangkok
> +TF -492110+0701303 Etc/GMT-5
> +TG +0608+00113 Etc/GMT
> +TH +1345+10031 Etc/GMT-7
> TJ +3835+06848 Asia/Dushanbe
> TK -0922-17114 Pacific/Fakaofo
> TL -0833+12535 Asia/Dili
> @@ -397,8 +397,8 @@ TM +3757+05823 Asia/Ashgabat
> TN +3648+01011 Africa/Tunis
> TO -210800-1751200 Pacific/Tongatapu
> TR +4101+02858 Europe/Istanbul
> -TT +1039-06131 America/Port_of_Spain
> -TV -0831+17913 Pacific/Funafuti
> +TT +1039-06131 America/Puerto_Rico
> +TV -0831+17913 Etc/GMT-12
> TW +2503+12130 Asia/Taipei
> TZ -0648+03917 Africa/Nairobi
> UA +5026+03031 Europe/Kiev Ukraine (most areas)
> @@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ UA +4837+02218 Europe/Uzhgorod Transcarpathia
> UA +4750+03510 Europe/Zaporozhye Zaporozhye and east Lugansk
> UG +0019+03225 Africa/Nairobi
> UM +2813-17722 Pacific/Pago_Pago Midway Islands
> -UM +1917+16637 Pacific/Wake Wake Island
> +UM +1917+16637 Etc/GMT-12 Wake Island
> US +404251-0740023 America/New_York Eastern (most areas)
> US +421953-0830245 America/Detroit Eastern - MI (most areas)
> US +381515-0854534 America/Kentucky/Louisville Eastern - KY (Louisville area)
> @@ -440,16 +440,16 @@ UY -345433-0561245 America/Montevideo
> UZ +3940+06648 Asia/Samarkand Uzbekistan (west)
> UZ +4120+06918 Asia/Tashkent Uzbekistan (east)
> VA +415408+0122711 Europe/Rome
> -VC +1309-06114 America/Port_of_Spain
> +VC +1309-06114 America/Puerto_Rico
> VE +1030-06656 America/Caracas
> -VG +1827-06437 America/Port_of_Spain
> -VI +1821-06456 America/Port_of_Spain
> -VN +2102+10551 Asia/Bangkok Vietnam (north)
> +VG +1827-06437 America/Puerto_Rico
> +VI +1821-06456 America/Puerto_Rico
> +VN +2102+10551 Etc/GMT-7 Vietnam (north)
> VN +1045+10640 Asia/Ho_Chi_Minh Vietnam (south)
> VU -1740+16825 Pacific/Efate
> -WF -1318-17610 Pacific/Wallis
> +WF -1318-17610 Etc/GMT-12
> WS -1350-17144 Pacific/Apia
> -YE +1245+04512 Asia/Riyadh
> +YE +1245+04512 Etc/GMT-3
> YT -1247+04514 Africa/Nairobi
> ZA -2615+02800 Africa/Johannesburg
> ZM -1525+02817 Africa/Maputo
> diff --git a/zone1970.tab b/zone1970.tab
> index ddb2321..8cadd48 100644
> --- a/zone1970.tab
> +++ b/zone1970.tab
> @@ -34,19 +34,18 @@
> #country-
> #codes coordinates TZ comments
> AD +4230+00131 Europe/Andorra
> -AE,OM +2518+05518 Asia/Dubai
> +AE,OM,RE,SC,TF +2518+05518 Etc/GMT-4 UAE, Oman, Réunion, Seychelles, Crozet, Scattered Is
> AF +3431+06912 Asia/Kabul
> AL +4120+01950 Europe/Tirane
> AM +4011+04430 Asia/Yerevan
> AQ -6617+11031 Antarctica/Casey Casey
> AQ -6835+07758 Antarctica/Davis Davis
> -AQ -6640+14001 Antarctica/DumontDUrville Dumont-d'Urville
> AQ -6736+06253 Antarctica/Mawson Mawson
> AQ -6448-06406 Antarctica/Palmer Palmer
> AQ -6734-06808 Antarctica/Rothera Rothera
> -AQ -690022+0393524 Antarctica/Syowa Syowa
> AQ -720041+0023206 Antarctica/Troll Troll
> -AQ -7824+10654 Antarctica/Vostok Vostok
> +AQ,KW,SA,YE +2438+04643 Etc/GMT-3 Arabia, Syowa
> +AQ,FM,PG -0930+14710 Etc/GMT-10 Papua New Guinea (most areas), Chuuk, Yap, Dumont d'Urville
> AR -3436-05827 America/Argentina/Buenos_Aires Buenos Aires (BA, CF)
> AR -3124-06411 America/Argentina/Cordoba Argentina (most areas: CB, CC, CN, ER, FM, MN, SE, SF)
> AR -2447-06525 America/Argentina/Salta Salta (SA, LP, NQ, RN)
> @@ -76,11 +75,12 @@ AU -3143+12852 Australia/Eucla Western Australia (Eucla)
> AZ +4023+04951 Asia/Baku
> BB +1306-05937 America/Barbados
> BD +2343+09025 Asia/Dhaka
> -BE +5050+00420 Europe/Brussels
> +BE,LU,NL +5050+00420 Europe/Brussels
> +BF,CI,GH,GM,GN,IS,ML,MR,SH,SL,SN,TG +0519-00402 Etc/GMT
> BG +4241+02319 Europe/Sofia
> BM +3217-06446 Atlantic/Bermuda
> -BN +0456+11455 Asia/Brunei
> -BO -1630-06809 America/La_Paz
> +BN,MY +0133+11020 Etc/GMT-8 Sabah, Sarawak, Brunei
> +BO -1630-06809 Etc/GMT+4
> BR -0351-03225 America/Noronha Atlantic islands
> BR -0127-04829 America/Belem Pará (east); Amapá
> BR -0343-03830 America/Fortaleza Brazil (northeast: MA, PI, CE, RN, PB)
> @@ -97,7 +97,6 @@ BR +0249-06040 America/Boa_Vista Roraima
> BR -0308-06001 America/Manaus Amazonas (east)
> BR -0640-06952 America/Eirunepe Amazonas (west)
> BR -0958-06748 America/Rio_Branco Acre
> -BS +2505-07721 America/Nassau
> BT +2728+08939 Asia/Thimphu
> BY +5354+02734 Europe/Minsk
> BZ +1730-08812 America/Belize
> @@ -106,13 +105,11 @@ CA +4439-06336 America/Halifax Atlantic - NS (most areas); PE
> CA +4612-05957 America/Glace_Bay Atlantic - NS (Cape Breton)
> CA +4606-06447 America/Moncton Atlantic - New Brunswick
> CA +5320-06025 America/Goose_Bay Atlantic - Labrador (most areas)
> -CA +5125-05707 America/Blanc-Sablon AST - QC (Lower North Shore)
> -CA +4339-07923 America/Toronto Eastern - ON, QC (most areas)
> +CA,BS +4339-07923 America/Toronto Eastern - ON, QC (most areas), Bahamas
> CA +4901-08816 America/Nipigon Eastern - ON, QC (no DST 1967-73)
> CA +4823-08915 America/Thunder_Bay Eastern - ON (Thunder Bay)
> CA +6344-06828 America/Iqaluit Eastern - NU (most east areas)
> CA +6608-06544 America/Pangnirtung Eastern - NU (Pangnirtung)
> -CA +484531-0913718 America/Atikokan EST - ON (Atikokan); NU (Coral H)
> CA +4953-09709 America/Winnipeg Central - ON (west); Manitoba
> CA +4843-09434 America/Rainy_River Central - ON (Rainy R, Ft Frances)
> CA +744144-0944945 America/Resolute Central - NU (Resolute)
> @@ -123,32 +120,27 @@ CA +5333-11328 America/Edmonton Mountain - AB; BC (E); SK (W)
> CA +690650-1050310 America/Cambridge_Bay Mountain - NU (west)
> CA +6227-11421 America/Yellowknife Mountain - NT (central)
> CA +682059-1334300 America/Inuvik Mountain - NT (west)
> -CA +4906-11631 America/Creston MST - BC (Creston)
> CA +5946-12014 America/Dawson_Creek MST - BC (Dawson Cr, Ft St John)
> CA +5848-12242 America/Fort_Nelson MST - BC (Ft Nelson)
> CA +6043-13503 America/Whitehorse MST - Yukon (east)
> CA +6404-13925 America/Dawson MST - Yukon (west)
> CA +4916-12307 America/Vancouver Pacific - BC (most areas)
> -CC -1210+09655 Indian/Cocos
> CH,DE,LI +4723+00832 Europe/Zurich Swiss time
> -CI,BF,GM,GN,ML,MR,SH,SL,SN,TG +0519-00402 Africa/Abidjan
> CK -2114-15946 Pacific/Rarotonga
> CL -3327-07040 America/Santiago Chile (most areas)
> CL -5309-07055 America/Punta_Arenas Region of Magallanes
> CL -2709-10926 Pacific/Easter Easter Island
> CN +3114+12128 Asia/Shanghai Beijing Time
> -CN +4348+08735 Asia/Urumqi Xinjiang Time
> +CN,AQ +4348+08735 Etc/GMT-6 Xinjiang Time, Vostok
> CO +0436-07405 America/Bogota
> CR +0956-08405 America/Costa_Rica
> CU +2308-08222 America/Havana
> CV +1455-02331 Atlantic/Cape_Verde
> -CW,AW,BQ,SX +1211-06900 America/Curacao
> -CX -1025+10543 Indian/Christmas
> +CX,KH,LA,TH,VN +1345+10031 Etc/GMT-7 Indochina (most areas)
> CY +3510+03322 Asia/Nicosia Cyprus (most areas)
> CY +3507+03357 Asia/Famagusta Northern Cyprus
> CZ,SK +5005+01426 Europe/Prague
> -DE +5230+01322 Europe/Berlin Germany (most areas)
> -DK +5540+01235 Europe/Copenhagen
> +DE,DK,NO,SE,SJ +5230+01322 Europe/Berlin Germany (most areas), Scandinavia
> DO +1828-06954 America/Santo_Domingo
> DZ +3647+00303 Africa/Algiers
> EC -0210-07950 America/Guayaquil Ecuador (mainland)
> @@ -162,22 +154,19 @@ ES +2806-01524 Atlantic/Canary Canary Islands
> FI,AX +6010+02458 Europe/Helsinki
> FJ -1808+17825 Pacific/Fiji
> FK -5142-05751 Atlantic/Stanley
> -FM +0725+15147 Pacific/Chuuk Chuuk/Truk, Yap
> -FM +0658+15813 Pacific/Pohnpei Pohnpei/Ponape
> FM +0519+16259 Pacific/Kosrae Kosrae
> FO +6201-00646 Atlantic/Faroe
> -FR +4852+00220 Europe/Paris
> +FR,MC +4852+00220 Europe/Paris
> GB,GG,IM,JE +513030-0000731 Europe/London
> GE +4143+04449 Asia/Tbilisi
> -GF +0456-05220 America/Cayenne
> -GH +0533-00013 Africa/Accra
> +GF +0456-05220 Etc/GMT+3
> GI +3608-00521 Europe/Gibraltar
> GL +6411-05144 America/Nuuk Greenland (most areas)
> GL +7646-01840 America/Danmarkshavn National Park (east coast)
> GL +7029-02158 America/Scoresbysund Scoresbysund/Ittoqqortoormiit
> GL +7634-06847 America/Thule Thule/Pituffik
> GR +3758+02343 Europe/Athens
> -GS -5416-03632 Atlantic/South_Georgia
> +GS -5416-03632 Etc/GMT+2
> GT +1438-09031 America/Guatemala
> GU,MP +1328+14445 Pacific/Guam
> GW +1151-01535 Africa/Bissau
> @@ -196,16 +185,15 @@ IN +2232+08822 Asia/Kolkata
> IO -0720+07225 Indian/Chagos
> IQ +3321+04425 Asia/Baghdad
> IR +3540+05126 Asia/Tehran
> -IS +6409-02151 Atlantic/Reykjavik
> IT,SM,VA +4154+01229 Europe/Rome
> JM +175805-0764736 America/Jamaica
> JO +3157+03556 Asia/Amman
> JP +353916+1394441 Asia/Tokyo
> KE,DJ,ER,ET,KM,MG,SO,TZ,UG,YT -0117+03649 Africa/Nairobi
> KG +4254+07436 Asia/Bishkek
> -KI +0125+17300 Pacific/Tarawa Gilbert Islands
> KI -0308-17105 Pacific/Enderbury Phoenix Islands
> KI +0152-15720 Pacific/Kiritimati Line Islands
> +KI,MH,TV,UM,WF +0125+17300 Etc/GMT-12 Gilberts, Marshalls, Tuvalu, Wallis & Futuna, Wake
> KP +3901+12545 Asia/Pyongyang
> KR +3733+12658 Asia/Seoul
> KZ +4315+07657 Asia/Almaty Kazakhstan (most areas)
> @@ -219,15 +207,12 @@ LB +3353+03530 Asia/Beirut
> LK +0656+07951 Asia/Colombo
> LR +0618-01047 Africa/Monrovia
> LT +5441+02519 Europe/Vilnius
> -LU +4936+00609 Europe/Luxembourg
> LV +5657+02406 Europe/Riga
> LY +3254+01311 Africa/Tripoli
> MA +3339-00735 Africa/Casablanca
> -MC +4342+00723 Europe/Monaco
> MD +4700+02850 Europe/Chisinau
> -MH +0709+17112 Pacific/Majuro Marshall Islands (most areas)
> MH +0905+16720 Pacific/Kwajalein Kwajalein
> -MM +1647+09610 Asia/Yangon
> +MM,CC +1647+09610 Asia/Yangon
> MN +4755+10653 Asia/Ulaanbaatar Mongolia (most areas)
> MN +4801+09139 Asia/Hovd Bayan-Ölgii, Govi-Altai, Hovd, Uvs, Zavkhan
> MN +4804+11430 Asia/Choibalsan Dornod, Sükhbaatar
> @@ -235,7 +220,7 @@ MO +221150+1133230 Asia/Macau
> MQ +1436-06105 America/Martinique
> MT +3554+01431 Europe/Malta
> MU -2010+05730 Indian/Mauritius
> -MV +0410+07330 Indian/Maldives
> +MV,TF +0410+07330 Etc/GMT-5 Maldives, Kerguelen, St Paul I, Amsterdam I
> MX +1924-09909 America/Mexico_City Central Time
> MX +2105-08646 America/Cancun Eastern Standard Time - Quintana Roo
> MX +2058-08937 America/Merida Central Time - Campeche, Yucatán
> @@ -247,43 +232,37 @@ MX +2934-10425 America/Ojinaga Mountain Time US - Chihuahua (US border)
> MX +2904-11058 America/Hermosillo Mountain Standard Time - Sonora
> MX +3232-11701 America/Tijuana Pacific Time US - Baja California
> MX +2048-10515 America/Bahia_Banderas Central Time - BahÃa de Banderas
> -MY +0310+10142 Asia/Kuala_Lumpur Malaysia (peninsula)
> -MY +0133+11020 Asia/Kuching Sabah, Sarawak
> MZ,BI,BW,CD,MW,RW,ZM,ZW -2558+03235 Africa/Maputo Central Africa Time
> NA -2234+01706 Africa/Windhoek
> NC -2216+16627 Pacific/Noumea
> NF -2903+16758 Pacific/Norfolk
> NG,AO,BJ,CD,CF,CG,CM,GA,GQ,NE +0627+00324 Africa/Lagos West Africa Time
> NI +1209-08617 America/Managua
> -NL +5222+00454 Europe/Amsterdam
> -NO,SJ +5955+01045 Europe/Oslo
> NP +2743+08519 Asia/Kathmandu
> NR -0031+16655 Pacific/Nauru
> NU -1901-16955 Pacific/Niue
> NZ,AQ -3652+17446 Pacific/Auckland New Zealand time
> NZ -4357-17633 Pacific/Chatham Chatham Islands
> -PA,KY +0858-07932 America/Panama
> +PA,CA,KY +0858-07932 America/Panama EST - Panama, Cayman, ON (Atikokan), NU (Coral H)
> PE -1203-07703 America/Lima
> -PF -1732-14934 Pacific/Tahiti Society Islands
> +PF -1732-14934 Etc/GMT+10 Society Islands
> PF -0900-13930 Pacific/Marquesas Marquesas Islands
> -PF -2308-13457 Pacific/Gambier Gambier Islands
> -PG -0930+14710 Pacific/Port_Moresby Papua New Guinea (most areas)
> +PF -2308-13457 Etc/GMT+9 Gambier Islands
> PG -0613+15534 Pacific/Bougainville Bougainville
> PH +1435+12100 Asia/Manila
> PK +2452+06703 Asia/Karachi
> PL +5215+02100 Europe/Warsaw
> PM +4703-05620 America/Miquelon
> PN -2504-13005 Pacific/Pitcairn
> -PR +182806-0660622 America/Puerto_Rico
> +PR,AG,CA,AI,AW,BL,BQ,CW,DM,GD,GP,KN,LC,MF,MS,SX,TT,VC,VG,VI +182806-0660622 America/Puerto_Rico AST
> PS +3130+03428 Asia/Gaza Gaza Strip
> PS +313200+0350542 Asia/Hebron West Bank
> PT +3843-00908 Europe/Lisbon Portugal (mainland)
> PT +3238-01654 Atlantic/Madeira Madeira Islands
> PT +3744-02540 Atlantic/Azores Azores
> -PW +0720+13429 Pacific/Palau
> +PW +0720+13429 Etc/GMT-9
> PY -2516-05740 America/Asuncion
> QA,BH +2517+05132 Asia/Qatar
> -RE,TF -2052+05528 Indian/Reunion Réunion, Crozet, Scattered Islands
> RO +4426+02606 Europe/Bucharest
> RS,BA,HR,ME,MK,SI +4450+02030 Europe/Belgrade
> RU +5443+02030 Europe/Kaliningrad MSK-01 - Kaliningrad
> @@ -314,12 +293,9 @@ RU +4658+14242 Asia/Sakhalin MSK+08 - Sakhalin Island
> RU +6728+15343 Asia/Srednekolymsk MSK+08 - Sakha (E); North Kuril Is
> RU +5301+15839 Asia/Kamchatka MSK+09 - Kamchatka
> RU +6445+17729 Asia/Anadyr MSK+09 - Bering Sea
> -SA,KW,YE +2438+04643 Asia/Riyadh
> -SB -0932+16012 Pacific/Guadalcanal
> -SC -0440+05528 Indian/Mahe
> +SB,FM -0932+16012 Etc/GMT-11 Solomons, Pohnpei
> SD +1536+03232 Africa/Khartoum
> -SE +5920+01803 Europe/Stockholm
> -SG +0117+10351 Asia/Singapore
> +SG,MY +0117+10351 Asia/Singapore Singapore, peninsular Malaysia
> SR +0550-05510 America/Paramaribo
> SS +0451+03137 Africa/Juba
> ST +0020+00644 Africa/Sao_Tome
> @@ -327,8 +303,6 @@ SV +1342-08912 America/El_Salvador
> SY +3330+03618 Asia/Damascus
> TC +2128-07108 America/Grand_Turk
> TD +1207+01503 Africa/Ndjamena
> -TF -492110+0701303 Indian/Kerguelen Kerguelen, St Paul Island, Amsterdam Island
> -TH,KH,LA,VN +1345+10031 Asia/Bangkok Indochina (most areas)
> TJ +3835+06848 Asia/Dushanbe
> TK -0922-17114 Pacific/Fakaofo
> TL -0833+12535 Asia/Dili
> @@ -336,13 +310,10 @@ TM +3757+05823 Asia/Ashgabat
> TN +3648+01011 Africa/Tunis
> TO -210800-1751200 Pacific/Tongatapu
> TR +4101+02858 Europe/Istanbul
> -TT,AG,AI,BL,DM,GD,GP,KN,LC,MF,MS,VC,VG,VI +1039-06131 America/Port_of_Spain
> -TV -0831+17913 Pacific/Funafuti
> TW +2503+12130 Asia/Taipei
> UA +5026+03031 Europe/Kiev Ukraine (most areas)
> UA +4837+02218 Europe/Uzhgorod Transcarpathia
> UA +4750+03510 Europe/Zaporozhye Zaporozhye and east Lugansk
> -UM +1917+16637 Pacific/Wake Wake Island
> US +404251-0740023 America/New_York Eastern (most areas)
> US +421953-0830245 America/Detroit Eastern - MI (most areas)
> US +381515-0854534 America/Kentucky/Louisville Eastern - KY (Louisville area)
> @@ -362,7 +333,7 @@ US +465042-1012439 America/North_Dakota/New_Salem Central - ND (Morton rural)
> US +471551-1014640 America/North_Dakota/Beulah Central - ND (Mercer)
> US +394421-1045903 America/Denver Mountain (most areas)
> US +433649-1161209 America/Boise Mountain - ID (south); OR (east)
> -US +332654-1120424 America/Phoenix MST - Arizona (except Navajo)
> +US,CA +332654-1120424 America/Phoenix MST - Arizona (except Navajo), Creston BC
> US +340308-1181434 America/Los_Angeles Pacific
> US +611305-1495401 America/Anchorage Alaska (most areas)
> US +581807-1342511 America/Juneau Alaska - Juneau area
> @@ -378,6 +349,5 @@ UZ +4120+06918 Asia/Tashkent Uzbekistan (east)
> VE +1030-06656 America/Caracas
> VN +1045+10640 Asia/Ho_Chi_Minh Vietnam (south)
> VU -1740+16825 Pacific/Efate
> -WF -1318-17610 Pacific/Wallis
> WS -1350-17144 Pacific/Apia
> ZA,LS,SZ -2615+02800 Africa/Johannesburg
> --
> 2.27.0
>
> diff --git a/Makefile b/Makefile
> index 8714c16..ce018ec 100644
> --- a/Makefile
> +++ b/Makefile
> @@ -529,7 +529,7 @@ TZS_YEAR= 2050
> TZS_CUTOFF_FLAG= -c $(TZS_YEAR)
> TZS= to$(TZS_YEAR).tzs
> TZS_NEW= to$(TZS_YEAR)new.tzs
> -TZS_DEPS= $(PRIMARY_YDATA) asctime.c localtime.c \
> +TZS_DEPS= $(YDATA) asctime.c localtime.c \
> private.h tzfile.h zdump.c zic.c
> # EIGHT_YARDS is just a yard short of the whole ENCHILADA.
> EIGHT_YARDS = $(COMMON) $(DOCS) $(SOURCES) $(DATA) $(MISC) tzdata.zi
> diff --git a/NEWS b/NEWS
> index 6d1cd09..435a40f 100644
> --- a/NEWS
> +++ b/NEWS
> @@ -26,6 +26,23 @@ Unreleased, experimental changes
> (Thanks to P Chan, Michael Deckers, Alexander Krivenyshev and
> Alois Treindl.)
>
> + Merge timezones whose timestamps agree since 1970, since pre-1970
> + timestamps are out of scope. This change does not affect
> + post-1970 timestamps, and timezone historians who build with 'make
> + PACKRATDATA=backzone' should see no changes to pre-1970 timestamps.
> + When merging, keep the most-populous location's data, and move
> + data for other locations to 'backzone' with a backward
> + compatibility link in 'backward'. Also, merge timezones with
> + neither post-1970 clock changes nor alphabetic abbreviations into
> + their Etc counterparts. For example, move the Europe/Oslo data to
> + 'backzone' with a link in 'backward' from Europe/Berlin because
> + the two timezones' timestamps agree since 1970; this change
> + affects some pre-1966 timestamps in Europe/Oslo because Berlin and
> + Oslo disagreed before 1966. For another example, move the
> + Asia/Aden data to 'backzone' with a link in 'backward' from
> + Etc/GMT-3. Affected entries range from Africa/Abidjan to
> + Pacific/Yap.
> +
> Changes to maintenance procedure
>
> The new file SECURITY covers how to report security-related bugs.
> diff --git a/backzone b/backzone
> index 6c77378..b58f4d8 100644
> --- a/backzone
> +++ b/backzone
> @@ -619,6 +619,8 @@ Zone America/Creston -7:46:04 - LMT 1884
> Zone America/Curacao -4:35:47 - LMT 1912 Feb 12 # Willemstad
> -4:30 - -0430 1965
> -4:00 - AST
> +Link America/Curacao America/Kralendijk
> +Link America/Curacao America/Lower_Princes
>
> # Dominica
> Zone America/Dominica -4:05:36 - LMT 1911 Jul 1 0:01 # Roseau
> @@ -763,6 +765,9 @@ Zone America/Nassau -5:09:30 - LMT 1912 Mar 2
> # Trinidad and Tobago
> Zone America/Port_of_Spain -4:06:04 - LMT 1912 Mar 2
> -4:00 - AST
> +Link America/Port_of_Spain America/Marigot
> +Link America/Port_of_Spain America/St_Barthelemy
> +Link America/Port_of_Spain America/Virgin
>
> # Argentina
> # This entry was intended for the following areas, but has been superseded by
> @@ -1228,6 +1233,7 @@ Rule Iceland 1967 only - Oct 29 1:00s 0 -
> Zone Atlantic/Reykjavik -1:28 - LMT 1908
> -1:00 Iceland -01/+00 1968 Apr 7 1:00s
> 0:00 - GMT
> +Link Atlantic/Reykjavik Iceland
>
> # South Georgia
> Zone Atlantic/South_Georgia -2:26:08 - LMT 1890 # Grytviken
> @@ -1520,6 +1526,7 @@ Zone Europe/Oslo 0:43:00 - LMT 1895 Jan 1
> 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00
> 1:00 Norway CE%sT 1980
> 1:00 EU CE%sT
> +Link Europe/Oslo Arctic/Longyearbyen
>
> # Bosnia and Herzegovina
> Zone Europe/Sarajevo 1:13:40 - LMT 1884
> @@ -1708,6 +1715,8 @@ Zone Pacific/Chuuk -13:52:52 - LMT 1844 Dec 31
> 10:00 - +10 1941 Apr 1
> 9:00 - +09 1945 Aug
> 10:00 - +10
> +Link Pacific/Chuuk Pacific/Truk
> +Link Pacific/Chuuk Pacific/Yap
>
> # Tuvalu
> Zone Pacific/Funafuti 11:56:52 - LMT 1901
> @@ -1767,6 +1776,7 @@ Zone Pacific/Pohnpei -13:27:08 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 # Kolonia
> 10:00 - +10 1941 Apr 1
> 9:00 - +09 1945 Aug
> 11:00 - +11
> +Link Pacific/Pohnpei Pacific/Ponape
>
> # Papua New Guinea
> Zone Pacific/Port_Moresby 9:48:40 - LMT 1880
> diff --git a/etcetera b/etcetera
> index 1dc7411..dc21c4d 100644
> --- a/etcetera
> +++ b/etcetera
> @@ -12,6 +12,8 @@
> # Starting with POSIX 1003.1-2001, the entries below are all
> # unnecessary as settings for the TZ environment variable. E.g.,
> # instead of TZ='Etc/GMT+4' one can use the POSIX setting TZ='<-04>+4'.
> +# However, some entries are needed if 'backward' is used:
> +# for example, the 'backward' file links Etc/GMT to Africa/Abidjan.
> #
> # Do not use a POSIX TZ setting like TZ='GMT+4', which is four hours
> # behind GMT but uses the completely misleading abbreviation "GMT".
> diff --git a/theory.html b/theory.html
> index 5251c96..47a7b2d 100644
> --- a/theory.html
> +++ b/theory.html
> @@ -42,12 +42,13 @@ href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unix_time">POSIX Epoch</a>
> (1970-01-01 00:00:00 <a
> href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coordinated_Universal_Time"><abbr
> title="Coordinated Universal Time">UTC</abbr></a>).
> -The database labels each timezone with a notable location and
> -records all known clock transitions for that location.
> Although 1970 is a somewhat-arbitrary cutoff, there are significant
> challenges to moving the cutoff earlier even by a decade or two, due
> to the wide variety of local practices before computer timekeeping
> became prevalent.
> +Most timezones correspond to a notable location and the database
> +records all known clock transitions for that location;
> +some timezones correspond instead to a fixed <abbr>UTC</abbr> offset.
> </p>
>
> <p>
> @@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ time but differs from other timezones for some timestamps after 1970.
> </p>
>
> <p>
> -Clock transitions before 1970 are recorded for each timezone,
> +Clock transitions before 1970 are recorded for location-based timezones,
> because most systems support timestamps before 1970 and could
> misbehave if data entries were omitted for pre-1970 transitions.
> However, the database is not designed for and does not suffice for
--
Magnus Fromreide +46-13 17 68 48
Tornhagsvägen 24, 2tr magfr at lysator.liu.se
SE-582 37 LINKÖPING
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