From 5131154a79eec5a4a323fd9d0cce41af36600cec Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Paul Eggert Date: Fri, 24 Sep 2021 12:31:28 -0700 Subject: [PATCH] Revert most of the recent alike-since-1970 changes MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit This reverts most proposed changes that merged all Zones agreeing since 1970, as concerns were raised about doing too many of these changes at once. It does keeps some of these changes in the interest of making tzdb more equitable one step at a time. * NEWS: Mention this and adjust change announcement. * africa (Indian/Reunion, Indian/Mahe): * antarctica (Indian/Kerguelen, Antarctica/Vostok): * asia (Asia/Brunei, Asia/Kuala_Lumpur): * australasia (Indian/Christmas, Indian/Cocos, Pacific/Majuro) (Pacific/Chuuk, Pacific/Pohnpei, Pacific/Funafuti, Pacific/Wake) (Pacific/Wallis): * europe (Europe/Copenhagen, Atlantic/Reykjavik) (Europe/Luxembourg, Europe/Monaco, Europe/Amsterdam, Europe/Oslo) (Europe/Stockholm): Move these Zones (and associated Rules) back from ‘backzone’. * backward, backzone, zone1970.tab: Adjust to match these moves. --- NEWS | 26 ++- africa | 39 +++- antarctica | 30 +++- asia | 21 ++- australasia | 75 +++++++- backward | 31 +--- backzone | 500 --------------------------------------------------- europe | 322 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-- zone1970.tab | 47 +++-- 9 files changed, 519 insertions(+), 572 deletions(-) diff --git a/NEWS b/NEWS index 2e243b3..433e509 100644 --- a/NEWS +++ b/NEWS @@ -2,6 +2,14 @@ News for the tz database Unreleased, experimental changes + This release is prompted by recent announcements by Jordan and Samoa. + It incorporates many other changes that had accumulated since 2021a. + However, it omits most proposed changes that merged all Zones + agreeing since 1970, as concerns were raised about doing too many of + these changes at once. It does keeps some of these changes in the + interest of making tzdb more equitable one step at a time; see + "Merge more location-based Zones" below. + Changes to future timestamps Jordan now starts DST on February's last Thursday. @@ -44,18 +52,22 @@ Unreleased, experimental changes (Thanks to P Chan, Michael Deckers, Alexander Krivenyshev and Alois Treindl.) - Merge location-based timezones whose timestamps agree since 1970, - as pre-1970 timestamps are out of scope. This does not affect + Merge more location-based Zones whose timestamps agree since 1970, + as pre-1970 timestamps are out of scope. This is part of a + process that has been ongoing since 2013. This does not affect post-1970 timestamps, and timezone historians who build with 'make PACKRATDATA=backzone' should see no changes to pre-1970 timestamps. When merging, keep the most-populous location's data, and move data for other locations to 'backzone' with a backward - link in 'backward'. For example, move Europe/Oslo data to - 'backzone' with a link in 'backward' from Europe/Berlin because + link in 'backward'. For example, move America/Creston data to + 'backzone' with a link in 'backward' from America/Phoenix because the two timezones' timestamps agree since 1970; this change - affects some pre-1966 timestamps in Europe/Oslo because Berlin and - Oslo disagreed before 1966. Affected entries range from - Africa/Accra to Pacific/Yap. + affects some pre-1968 timestamps in America/Creston because + Creston and Phoenix disagreed before 1968. The affected Zones + are Africa/Accra, America/Atikokan, America/Blanc-Sablon, + America/Creston, America/Curacao, America/Nassau, + America/Port_of_Spain, Antarctica/DumontDUrville, and + Antarctica/Syowa. Changes to maintenance procedure diff --git a/africa b/africa index 7e5b70f..c73f0df 100644 --- a/africa +++ b/africa @@ -1271,9 +1271,21 @@ Zone Africa/Lagos 0:13:35 - LMT 1905 Jul 1 1:00 - WAT # Réunion -# See Asia/Dubai. +# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Indian/Reunion 3:41:52 - LMT 1911 Jun # Saint-Denis + 4:00 - +04 +# +# Scattered Islands (Îles Éparses) administered from Réunion are as follows. +# The following information about them is taken from +# Îles Éparses (, 1997-07-22, +# in French; no longer available as of 1999-08-17). +# We have no info about their time zone histories. # -# Crozet Islands also observes Réunion time; see the 'antarctica' file. +# Bassas da India - uninhabited +# Europa Island - inhabited from 1905 to 1910 by two families +# Glorioso Is - inhabited until at least 1958 +# Juan de Nova - uninhabited +# Tromelin - inhabited until at least 1958 # Rwanda # See Africa/Maputo. @@ -1317,7 +1329,28 @@ Zone Africa/Sao_Tome 0:26:56 - LMT 1884 # See Africa/Abidjan. # Seychelles -# See Asia/Dubai. + +# From P Chan (2020-11-27): +# Standard Time was adopted on 1907-01-01. +# +# Standard Time Ordinance (Chapter 237) +# The Laws of Seychelles in Force on the 31st December, 1971, Vol. 6, p 571 +# https://books.google.com/books?id=efE-AQAAIAAJ&pg=PA571 +# +# From Tim Parenti (2020-12-05): +# A footnote on https://books.google.com/books?id=DYdDAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA1689 +# confirms that Ordinance No. 9 of 1906 "was brought into force on the 1st +# January, 1907." + +# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Indian/Mahe 3:41:48 - LMT 1907 Jan 1 # Victoria + 4:00 - +04 +# From Paul Eggert (2001-05-30): +# Aldabra, Farquhar, and Desroches, originally dependencies of the +# Seychelles, were transferred to the British Indian Ocean Territory +# in 1965 and returned to Seychelles control in 1976. We don't know +# whether this affected their time zone, so omit this for now. +# Possibly the islands were uninhabited. # Sierra Leone # See Africa/Abidjan. diff --git a/antarctica b/antarctica index dbdf209..70a5422 100644 --- a/antarctica +++ b/antarctica @@ -157,7 +157,9 @@ Zone Antarctica/Mawson 0 - -00 1954 Feb 13 # St Paul Island - near Amsterdam, uninhabited # fishing stations operated variously 1819/1931 # -# Kerguelen - see Indian/Maldives. +# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Indian/Kerguelen 0 - -00 1950 # Port-aux-Français + 5:00 - +05 # # year-round base in the main continent # Dumont d'Urville - see Pacific/Port_Moresby. @@ -240,7 +242,31 @@ Zone Antarctica/Troll 0 - -00 2005 Feb 12 # year-round from 1960/61 to 1992 # Vostok, since 1957-12-16, temporarily closed 1994-02/1994-11 -# See Asia/Urumqi. +# From Craig Mundell (1994-12-15): +# http://quest.arc.nasa.gov/antarctica/QA/computers/Directions,Time,ZIP +# Vostok, which is one of the Russian stations, is set on the same +# time as Moscow, Russia. +# +# From Lee Hotz (2001-03-08): +# I queried the folks at Columbia who spent the summer at Vostok and this is +# what they had to say about time there: +# "in the US Camp (East Camp) we have been on New Zealand (McMurdo) +# time, which is 12 hours ahead of GMT. The Russian Station Vostok was +# 6 hours behind that (although only 2 miles away, i.e. 6 hours ahead +# of GMT). This is a time zone I think two hours east of Moscow. The +# natural time zone is in between the two: 8 hours ahead of GMT." +# +# From Paul Eggert (2001-05-04): +# This seems to be hopelessly confusing, so I asked Lee Hotz about it +# in person. He said that some Antarctic locations set their local +# time so that noon is the warmest part of the day, and that this +# changes during the year and does not necessarily correspond to mean +# solar noon. So the Vostok time might have been whatever the clocks +# happened to be during their visit. So we still don't really know what time +# it is at Vostok. But we'll guess +06. +# +Zone Antarctica/Vostok 0 - -00 1957 Dec 16 + 6:00 - +06 # S Africa - year-round bases # Marion Island, -4653+03752 diff --git a/asia b/asia index 793e7e3..73e0183 100644 --- a/asia +++ b/asia @@ -255,7 +255,10 @@ Zone Indian/Chagos 4:49:40 - LMT 1907 6:00 - +06 # Brunei -# See Asia/Kuching. +# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Asia/Brunei 7:39:40 - LMT 1926 Mar # Bandar Seri Begawan + 7:30 - +0730 1933 + 8:00 - +08 # Burma / Myanmar @@ -2740,8 +2743,20 @@ Zone Asia/Beirut 2:22:00 - LMT 1880 Rule NBorneo 1935 1941 - Sep 14 0:00 0:20 - Rule NBorneo 1935 1941 - Dec 14 0:00 0 - # -# For peninsular Malaysia see Asia/Singapore. -# +# peninsular Malaysia +# taken from Mok Ly Yng (2003-10-30) +# https://web.archive.org/web/20190822231045/http://www.math.nus.edu.sg/~mathelmr/teaching/timezone.html +# This agrees with Singapore since 1905-06-01. +# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Asia/Kuala_Lumpur 6:46:46 - LMT 1901 Jan 1 + 6:55:25 - SMT 1905 Jun 1 # Singapore M.T. + 7:00 - +07 1933 Jan 1 + 7:00 0:20 +0720 1936 Jan 1 + 7:20 - +0720 1941 Sep 1 + 7:30 - +0730 1942 Feb 16 + 9:00 - +09 1945 Sep 12 + 7:30 - +0730 1982 Jan 1 + 8:00 - +08 # Sabah & Sarawak # From Paul Eggert (2014-08-12): # The data entries here are mostly from Shanks & Pottenger, but the 1942, 1945 diff --git a/australasia b/australasia index 6fe681b..8e76c27 100644 --- a/australasia +++ b/australasia @@ -252,10 +252,16 @@ Zone Antarctica/Macquarie 0 - -00 1899 Nov 10:00 AT AE%sT # Christmas -# See Asia/Bangkok. +# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Indian/Christmas 7:02:52 - LMT 1895 Feb + 7:00 - +07 # Cocos (Keeling) Is -# See Asia/Yangon. +# These islands were ruled by the Ross family from about 1830 to 1978. +# We don't know when standard time was introduced; for now, we guess 1900. +# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Indian/Cocos 6:27:40 - LMT 1900 + 6:30 - +0630 # Fiji @@ -470,8 +476,15 @@ Zone Pacific/Kiritimati -10:29:20 - LMT 1901 # See Pacific/Guam. # Marshall Is -# See Pacific/Tarawa for most locations. # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Pacific/Majuro 11:24:48 - LMT 1901 + 11:00 - +11 1914 Oct + 9:00 - +09 1919 Feb 1 + 11:00 - +11 1937 + 10:00 - +10 1941 Apr 1 + 9:00 - +09 1944 Jan 30 + 11:00 - +11 1969 Oct + 12:00 - +12 Zone Pacific/Kwajalein 11:09:20 - LMT 1901 11:00 - +11 1937 10:00 - +10 1941 Apr 1 @@ -481,9 +494,22 @@ Zone Pacific/Kwajalein 11:09:20 - LMT 1901 12:00 - +12 # Micronesia -# For Chuuk and Yap see Pacific/Port_Moresby. -# For Pohnpei see Pacific/Guadalcanal. # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Pacific/Chuuk -13:52:52 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 + 10:07:08 - LMT 1901 + 10:00 - +10 1914 Oct + 9:00 - +09 1919 Feb 1 + 10:00 - +10 1941 Apr 1 + 9:00 - +09 1945 Aug + 10:00 - +10 +Zone Pacific/Pohnpei -13:27:08 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 # Kolonia + 10:32:52 - LMT 1901 + 11:00 - +11 1914 Oct + 9:00 - +09 1919 Feb 1 + 11:00 - +11 1937 + 10:00 - +10 1941 Apr 1 + 9:00 - +09 1945 Aug + 11:00 - +11 Zone Pacific/Kosrae -13:08:04 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 10:51:56 - LMT 1901 11:00 - +11 1914 Oct @@ -816,7 +842,9 @@ Zone Pacific/Tongatapu 12:19:12 - LMT 1945 Sep 10 13:00 Tonga +13/+14 # Tuvalu -# See Pacific/Tarawa. +# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Pacific/Funafuti 11:56:52 - LMT 1901 + 12:00 - +12 # US minor outlying islands @@ -875,7 +903,9 @@ Zone Pacific/Tongatapu 12:19:12 - LMT 1945 Sep 10 # uninhabited since World War II; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati # Wake -# See Pacific/Tarawa. +# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Pacific/Wake 11:06:28 - LMT 1901 + 12:00 - +12 # Vanuatu @@ -914,7 +944,9 @@ Zone Pacific/Efate 11:13:16 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 # Vila 11:00 Vanuatu +11/+12 # Wallis and Futuna -# See Pacific/Tarawa. +# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Pacific/Wallis 12:15:20 - LMT 1901 + 12:00 - +12 ############################################################################### @@ -1831,6 +1863,13 @@ Zone Pacific/Efate 11:13:16 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 # Vila # Like the Ladrones (see Guam commentary), assume the Spanish East Indies # kept American time until the Philippines switched at the end of 1844. +# Alan Eugene Davis writes (1996-03-16), +# "I am certain, having lived there for the past decade, that 'Truk' +# (now properly known as Chuuk) ... is in the time zone GMT+10." +# +# Shanks & Pottenger write that Truk switched from UT +10 to +11 +# on 1978-10-01; ignore this for now. + # From Paul Eggert (1999-10-29): # The Federated States of Micronesia Visitors Board writes in # The Federated States of Micronesia - Visitor Information (1999-01-26) @@ -2169,6 +2208,26 @@ Zone Pacific/Efate 11:13:16 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 # Vila # For now, guess that DST is discontinued. That's what the IATA is guessing. +# Wake + +# From Vernice Anderson, Personal Secretary to Philip Jessup, +# US Ambassador At Large (oral history interview, 1971-02-02): +# +# Saturday, the 14th [of October, 1950] - ... The time was all the +# more confusing at that point, because we had crossed the +# International Date Line, thus getting two Sundays. Furthermore, we +# discovered that Wake Island had two hours of daylight saving time +# making calculation of time in Washington difficult if not almost +# impossible. +# +# https://www.trumanlibrary.org/oralhist/andrsonv.htm + +# From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23): +# We have no other report of DST in Wake Island, so omit this info for now. + +# See also the commentary for Micronesia. + + ############################################################################### # The International Date Line diff --git a/backward b/backward index 7d710a9..7c288e3 100644 --- a/backward +++ b/backward @@ -92,12 +92,10 @@ Link Pacific/Port_Moresby Antarctica/DumontDUrville Link Pacific/Auckland Antarctica/McMurdo Link Pacific/Auckland Antarctica/South_Pole Link Asia/Riyadh Antarctica/Syowa -Link Asia/Urumqi Antarctica/Vostok -Link Europe/Berlin Arctic/Longyearbyen +Link Europe/Oslo Arctic/Longyearbyen Link Asia/Riyadh Asia/Aden Link Asia/Ashgabat Asia/Ashkhabad Link Asia/Qatar Asia/Bahrain -Link Asia/Kuching Asia/Brunei Link Asia/Kolkata Asia/Calcutta Link Asia/Shanghai Asia/Chongqing Link Asia/Shanghai Asia/Chungking @@ -106,7 +104,6 @@ Link Asia/Shanghai Asia/Harbin Link Europe/Istanbul Asia/Istanbul Link Asia/Urumqi Asia/Kashgar Link Asia/Kathmandu Asia/Katmandu -Link Asia/Singapore Asia/Kuala_Lumpur Link Asia/Riyadh Asia/Kuwait Link Asia/Macau Asia/Macao Link Asia/Dubai Asia/Muscat @@ -120,7 +117,6 @@ Link Asia/Ulaanbaatar Asia/Ulan_Bator Link Asia/Bangkok Asia/Vientiane Link Atlantic/Faroe Atlantic/Faeroe Link Europe/Berlin Atlantic/Jan_Mayen -Link Africa/Abidjan Atlantic/Reykjavik Link Africa/Abidjan Atlantic/St_Helena Link Australia/Sydney Australia/ACT Link Australia/Sydney Australia/Canberra @@ -155,25 +151,19 @@ Link America/Havana Cuba Link Africa/Cairo Egypt Link Europe/Dublin Eire Link Etc/UTC Etc/UCT -Link Europe/Brussels Europe/Amsterdam Link Europe/London Europe/Belfast Link Europe/Prague Europe/Bratislava Link Europe/Zurich Europe/Busingen -Link Europe/Berlin Europe/Copenhagen Link Europe/London Europe/Guernsey Link Europe/London Europe/Isle_of_Man Link Europe/London Europe/Jersey Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Ljubljana -Link Europe/Brussels Europe/Luxembourg Link Europe/Helsinki Europe/Mariehamn -Link Europe/Paris Europe/Monaco Link Asia/Nicosia Europe/Nicosia -Link Europe/Berlin Europe/Oslo Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Podgorica Link Europe/Rome Europe/San_Marino Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Sarajevo Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Skopje -Link Europe/Berlin Europe/Stockholm Link Europe/Chisinau Europe/Tiraspol Link Europe/Zurich Europe/Vaduz Link Europe/Rome Europe/Vatican @@ -185,15 +175,10 @@ Link Etc/GMT GMT-0 Link Etc/GMT GMT0 Link Etc/GMT Greenwich Link Asia/Hong_Kong Hongkong -Link Africa/Abidjan Iceland +Link Atlantic/Reykjavik Iceland Link Africa/Nairobi Indian/Antananarivo -Link Asia/Bangkok Indian/Christmas -Link Asia/Yangon Indian/Cocos Link Africa/Nairobi Indian/Comoro -Link Indian/Maldives Indian/Kerguelen -Link Asia/Dubai Indian/Mahe Link Africa/Nairobi Indian/Mayotte -Link Asia/Dubai Indian/Reunion Link Asia/Tehran Iran Link Asia/Jerusalem Israel Link America/Jamaica Jamaica @@ -207,20 +192,14 @@ Link Pacific/Auckland NZ Link Pacific/Chatham NZ-CHAT Link America/Denver Navajo Link Asia/Shanghai PRC -Link Pacific/Port_Moresby Pacific/Chuuk Link Pacific/Kanton Pacific/Enderbury -Link Pacific/Tarawa Pacific/Funafuti Link Pacific/Honolulu Pacific/Johnston -Link Pacific/Tarawa Pacific/Majuro Link Pacific/Pago_Pago Pacific/Midway -Link Pacific/Guadalcanal Pacific/Pohnpei -Link Pacific/Guadalcanal Pacific/Ponape +Link Pacific/Pohnpei Pacific/Ponape Link Pacific/Guam Pacific/Saipan Link Pacific/Pago_Pago Pacific/Samoa -Link Pacific/Port_Moresby Pacific/Truk -Link Pacific/Tarawa Pacific/Wake -Link Pacific/Tarawa Pacific/Wallis -Link Pacific/Port_Moresby Pacific/Yap +Link Pacific/Chuuk Pacific/Truk +Link Pacific/Chuuk Pacific/Yap Link Europe/Warsaw Poland Link Europe/Lisbon Portugal Link Asia/Taipei ROC diff --git a/backzone b/backzone index 4d69a3f..fc5e8bf 100644 --- a/backzone +++ b/backzone @@ -820,35 +820,6 @@ Zone Antarctica/Syowa 0 - -00 1957 Jan 29 # NIPR Antarctic Research Activities (1999-08-17) # http://www.nipr.ac.jp/english/ara01.html -# Vostok, Antarctica -# -# Vostok, since 1957-12-16, temporarily closed 1994-02/1994-11 -# From Craig Mundell (1994-12-15): -# http://quest.arc.nasa.gov/antarctica/QA/computers/Directions,Time,ZIP -# Vostok, which is one of the Russian stations, is set on the same -# time as Moscow, Russia. -# -# From Lee Hotz (2001-03-08): -# I queried the folks at Columbia who spent the summer at Vostok and this is -# what they had to say about time there: -# "in the US Camp (East Camp) we have been on New Zealand (McMurdo) -# time, which is 12 hours ahead of GMT. The Russian Station Vostok was -# 6 hours behind that (although only 2 miles away, i.e. 6 hours ahead -# of GMT). This is a time zone I think two hours east of Moscow. The -# natural time zone is in between the two: 8 hours ahead of GMT." -# -# From Paul Eggert (2001-05-04): -# This seems to be hopelessly confusing, so I asked Lee Hotz about it -# in person. He said that some Antarctic locations set their local -# time so that noon is the warmest part of the day, and that this -# changes during the year and does not necessarily correspond to mean -# solar noon. So the Vostok time might have been whatever the clocks -# happened to be during their visit. So we still don't really know what time -# it is at Vostok. But we'll guess +06. -# -Zone Antarctica/Vostok 0 - -00 1957 Dec 16 - 6:00 - +06 - # Yemen # Milne says 2:59:54 was the meridian of the saluting battery at Aden, # and that Yemen was at 1:55:56, the meridian of the Hagia Sophia. @@ -887,11 +858,6 @@ Zone Asia/Bahrain 3:22:20 - LMT 1941 Jul 20 # Manamah 4:00 - +04 1972 Jun 3:00 - +03 -# Brunei -Zone Asia/Brunei 7:39:40 - LMT 1926 Mar # Bandar Seri Begawan - 7:30 - +0730 1933 - 8:00 - +08 - # India # # From Paul Eggert (2014-09-06): @@ -947,20 +913,6 @@ Zone Asia/Kashgar 5:03:56 - LMT 1928 # or Kashi or Kaxgar 5:00 - +05 1980 May 8:00 PRC C%sT -# peninsular Malaysia -# taken from Mok Ly Yng (2003-10-30) -# https://web.archive.org/web/20190822231045/http://www.math.nus.edu.sg/~mathelmr/teaching/timezone.html -# This agrees with Singapore since 1905-06-01. -Zone Asia/Kuala_Lumpur 6:46:46 - LMT 1901 Jan 1 - 6:55:25 - SMT 1905 Jun 1 # Singapore M.T. - 7:00 - +07 1933 Jan 1 - 7:00 0:20 +0720 1936 Jan 1 - 7:20 - +0720 1941 Sep 1 - 7:30 - +0730 1942 Feb 16 - 9:00 - +09 1945 Sep 12 - 7:30 - +0730 1982 Jan 1 - 8:00 - +08 - # Kuwait Zone Asia/Kuwait 3:11:56 - LMT 1950 3:00 - +03 @@ -1034,64 +986,6 @@ Zone Asia/Vientiane 6:50:24 - LMT 1906 Jul 1 # From Whitman: Zone Atlantic/Jan_Mayen -1:00 - -01 -# Iceland -# -# From Adam David (1993-11-06): -# The name of the timezone in Iceland for system / mail / news purposes is GMT. -# -# (1993-12-05): -# This material is paraphrased from the 1988 edition of the University of -# Iceland Almanak. -# -# From January 1st, 1908 the whole of Iceland was standardised at 1 hour -# behind GMT. Previously, local mean solar time was used in different parts -# of Iceland, the almanak had been based on Reykjavík mean solar time which -# was 1 hour and 28 minutes behind GMT. -# -# "first day of winter" referred to [below] means the first day of the 26 weeks -# of winter, according to the old icelandic calendar that dates back to the -# time the norsemen first settled Iceland. The first day of winter is always -# Saturday, but is not dependent on the Julian or Gregorian calendars. -# -# (1993-12-10): -# I have a reference from the Oxford Icelandic-English dictionary for the -# beginning of winter, which ties it to the ecclesiastical calendar (and thus -# to the julian/gregorian calendar) over the period in question. -# the winter begins on the Saturday next before St. Luke's day -# (old style), or on St. Luke's day, if a Saturday. -# St. Luke's day ought to be traceable from ecclesiastical sources. "old style" -# might be a reference to the Julian calendar as opposed to Gregorian, or it -# might mean something else (???). -# -# From Paul Eggert (2014-11-22): -# The information below is taken from the 1988 Almanak; see -# http://www.almanak.hi.is/klukkan.html -# -Rule Iceland 1917 1919 - Feb 19 23:00 1:00 - -Rule Iceland 1917 only - Oct 21 1:00 0 - -Rule Iceland 1918 1919 - Nov 16 1:00 0 - -Rule Iceland 1921 only - Mar 19 23:00 1:00 - -Rule Iceland 1921 only - Jun 23 1:00 0 - -Rule Iceland 1939 only - Apr 29 23:00 1:00 - -Rule Iceland 1939 only - Oct 29 2:00 0 - -Rule Iceland 1940 only - Feb 25 2:00 1:00 - -Rule Iceland 1940 1941 - Nov Sun>=2 1:00s 0 - -Rule Iceland 1941 1942 - Mar Sun>=2 1:00s 1:00 - -# 1943-1946 - first Sunday in March until first Sunday in winter -Rule Iceland 1943 1946 - Mar Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 - -Rule Iceland 1942 1948 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00s 0 - -# 1947-1967 - first Sunday in April until first Sunday in winter -Rule Iceland 1947 1967 - Apr Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 - -# 1949 and 1967 Oct transitions delayed by 1 week -Rule Iceland 1949 only - Oct 30 1:00s 0 - -Rule Iceland 1950 1966 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00s 0 - -Rule Iceland 1967 only - Oct 29 1:00s 0 - - -Zone Atlantic/Reykjavik -1:28 - LMT 1908 - -1:00 Iceland -01/+00 1968 Apr 7 1:00s - 0:00 - GMT -Link Atlantic/Reykjavik Iceland - # St Helena Zone Atlantic/St_Helena -0:22:48 - LMT 1890 # Jamestown -0:22:48 - JMT 1951 # Jamestown Mean Time @@ -1103,85 +997,6 @@ Zone Australia/Currie 9:35:28 - LMT 1895 Sep 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1968 Oct 15 10:00 AT AE%sT - -# Netherlands - -# Howse writes that the Netherlands' railways used GMT between 1892 and 1940, -# but for other purposes the Netherlands used Amsterdam mean time. - -# However, Robert H. van Gent writes (2001-04-01): -# Howse's statement is only correct up to 1909. From 1909-05-01 (00:00:00 -# Amsterdam mean time) onwards, the whole of the Netherlands (including -# the Dutch railways) was required by law to observe Amsterdam mean time -# (19 minutes 32.13 seconds ahead of GMT). This had already been the -# common practice (except for the railways) for many decades but it was -# not until 1909 when the Dutch government finally defined this by law. -# On 1937-07-01 this was changed to 20 minutes (exactly) ahead of GMT and -# was generally known as Dutch Time ("Nederlandse Tijd"). -# -# (2001-04-08): -# 1892-05-01 was the date when the Dutch railways were by law required to -# observe GMT while the remainder of the Netherlands adhered to the common -# practice of following Amsterdam mean time. -# -# (2001-04-09): -# In 1835 the authorities of the province of North Holland requested the -# municipal authorities of the towns and cities in the province to observe -# Amsterdam mean time but I do not know in how many cases this request was -# actually followed. -# -# From 1852 onwards the Dutch telegraph offices were by law required to -# observe Amsterdam mean time. As the time signals from the observatory of -# Leiden were also distributed by the telegraph system, I assume that most -# places linked up with the telegraph (and railway) system automatically -# adopted Amsterdam mean time. -# -# Although the early Dutch railway companies initially observed a variety -# of times, most of them had adopted Amsterdam mean time by 1858 but it -# was not until 1866 when they were all required by law to observe -# Amsterdam mean time. - -# The data entries before 1945 are taken from -# https://www.staff.science.uu.nl/~gent0113/wettijd/wettijd.htm - -# From Paul Eggert (2021-05-09): -# I invented the abbreviations AMT for Amsterdam Mean Time and NST for -# Netherlands Summer Time, used in the Netherlands from 1835 to 1937. - -Rule Neth 1916 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 NST # Netherlands Summer Time -Rule Neth 1916 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 AMT # Amsterdam Mean Time -Rule Neth 1917 only - Apr 16 2:00s 1:00 NST -Rule Neth 1917 only - Sep 17 2:00s 0 AMT -Rule Neth 1918 1921 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00s 1:00 NST -Rule Neth 1918 1921 - Sep lastMon 2:00s 0 AMT -Rule Neth 1922 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 NST -Rule Neth 1922 1936 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 AMT -Rule Neth 1923 only - Jun Fri>=1 2:00s 1:00 NST -Rule Neth 1924 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 NST -Rule Neth 1925 only - Jun Fri>=1 2:00s 1:00 NST -# From 1926 through 1939 DST began 05-15, except that it was delayed by a week -# in years when 05-15 fell in the Pentecost weekend. -Rule Neth 1926 1931 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 NST -Rule Neth 1932 only - May 22 2:00s 1:00 NST -Rule Neth 1933 1936 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 NST -Rule Neth 1937 only - May 22 2:00s 1:00 NST -Rule Neth 1937 only - Jul 1 0:00 1:00 S -Rule Neth 1937 1939 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 - -Rule Neth 1938 1939 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 S -Rule Neth 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S -Rule Neth 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 - -# -# Amsterdam Mean Time was +00:19:32.13, but the .13 is omitted -# below because the current format requires STDOFF to be an integer. -# -Zone Europe/Amsterdam 0:19:32 - LMT 1835 - 0:19:32 Neth %s 1937 Jul 1 - 0:20 Neth +0020/+0120 1940 May 16 0:00 - 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00 - 1:00 Neth CE%sT 1977 - 1:00 EU CE%sT - - # Northern Ireland Zone Europe/Belfast -0:23:40 - LMT 1880 Aug 2 -0:25:21 - DMT 1916 May 21 2:00 @@ -1193,60 +1008,6 @@ Zone Europe/Belfast -0:23:40 - LMT 1880 Aug 2 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1996 0:00 EU GMT/BST - -# Denmark - -# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2005-04-26): -# the law [introducing standard time] was in effect from 1894-01-01.... -# The page https://www.retsinformation.dk/eli/lta/1893/83 -# confirms this, and states that the law was put forth 1893-03-29. -# -# The EU [actually, EEC and Euratom] treaty with effect from 1973: -# https://www.retsinformation.dk/eli/lta/1972/21100 -# -# This provoked a new law from 1974 to make possible summer time changes -# in subsequent decrees with the law -# https://www.retsinformation.dk/eli/lta/1974/223 -# -# It seems however that no decree was set forward until 1980. I have -# not found any decree, but in another related law, the effecting DST -# changes are stated explicitly to be from 1980-04-06 at 02:00 to -# 1980-09-28 at 02:00. If this is true, this differs slightly from -# the EU rule in that DST runs to 02:00, not 03:00. We don't know -# when Denmark began using the EU rule correctly, but we have only -# confirmation of the 1980-time, so I presume it was correct in 1981: -# The law is about the management of the extra hour, concerning -# working hours reported and effect on obligatory-rest rules (which -# was suspended on that night): -# https://web.archive.org/web/20140104053304/https://www.retsinformation.dk/Forms/R0710.aspx?id=60267 - -# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2005-06-11): -# The Herning Folkeblad (1980-09-26) reported that the night between -# Saturday and Sunday the clock is set back from three to two. - -# From Paul Eggert (2005-06-11): -# Hence the "02:00" of the 1980 law refers to standard time, not -# wall-clock time, and so the EU rules were in effect in 1980. - -Rule Denmark 1916 only - May 14 23:00 1:00 S -Rule Denmark 1916 only - Sep 30 23:00 0 - -Rule Denmark 1940 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 S -Rule Denmark 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S -Rule Denmark 1945 only - Aug 15 2:00s 0 - -Rule Denmark 1946 only - May 1 2:00s 1:00 S -Rule Denmark 1946 only - Sep 1 2:00s 0 - -Rule Denmark 1947 only - May 4 2:00s 1:00 S -Rule Denmark 1947 only - Aug 10 2:00s 0 - -Rule Denmark 1948 only - May 9 2:00s 1:00 S -Rule Denmark 1948 only - Aug 8 2:00s 0 - -# -Zone Europe/Copenhagen 0:50:20 - LMT 1890 - 0:50:20 - CMT 1894 Jan 1 # Copenhagen MT - 1:00 Denmark CE%sT 1942 Nov 2 2:00s - 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00 - 1:00 Denmark CE%sT 1980 - 1:00 EU CE%sT - # Guernsey # Data from Joseph S. Myers # https://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2013-September/019883.html @@ -1302,85 +1063,6 @@ Zone Europe/Ljubljana 0:58:04 - LMT 1884 1:00 - CET 1982 Nov 27 1:00 EU CE%sT - -# Luxembourg - -# Whitman disagrees with most of these dates in minor ways; -# go with Shanks & Pottenger. -Rule Lux 1916 only - May 14 23:00 1:00 S -Rule Lux 1916 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 - -Rule Lux 1917 only - Apr 28 23:00 1:00 S -Rule Lux 1917 only - Sep 17 1:00 0 - -Rule Lux 1918 only - Apr Mon>=15 2:00s 1:00 S -Rule Lux 1918 only - Sep Mon>=15 2:00s 0 - -Rule Lux 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00 1:00 S -Rule Lux 1919 only - Oct 5 3:00 0 - -Rule Lux 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00 1:00 S -Rule Lux 1920 only - Oct 24 2:00 0 - -Rule Lux 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00 1:00 S -Rule Lux 1921 only - Oct 26 2:00 0 - -Rule Lux 1922 only - Mar 25 23:00 1:00 S -Rule Lux 1922 only - Oct Sun>=2 1:00 0 - -Rule Lux 1923 only - Apr 21 23:00 1:00 S -Rule Lux 1923 only - Oct Sun>=2 2:00 0 - -Rule Lux 1924 only - Mar 29 23:00 1:00 S -Rule Lux 1924 1928 - Oct Sun>=2 1:00 0 - -Rule Lux 1925 only - Apr 5 23:00 1:00 S -Rule Lux 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00 1:00 S -Rule Lux 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00 1:00 S -Rule Lux 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00 1:00 S -Rule Lux 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00 1:00 S - -Zone Europe/Luxembourg 0:24:36 - LMT 1904 Jun - 1:00 Lux CE%sT 1918 Nov 25 - 0:00 Lux WE%sT 1929 Oct 6 2:00s - 0:00 Belgium WE%sT 1940 May 14 3:00 - 1:00 C-Eur WE%sT 1944 Sep 18 3:00 - 1:00 Belgium CE%sT 1977 - 1:00 EU CE%sT - -# Monaco -# -# From Michael Deckers (2020-06-12): -# In the "Journal de Monaco" of 1892-05-24, online at -# https://journaldemonaco.gouv.mc/var/jdm/storage/original/application/b1c67c12c5af11b41ea888fb048e4fe8.pdf -# we read: ... -# [In virtue of a Sovereign Ordinance of the May 13 of the current [year], -# legal time in the Principality will be set to, from the date of June 1, -# 1892 onwards, to the meridian of Paris, as in France.] -# In the "Journal de Monaco" of 1911-03-28, online at -# https://journaldemonaco.gouv.mc/var/jdm/storage/original/application/de74ffb7db53d4f599059fe8f0ed482a.pdf -# we read an ordinance of 1911-03-16: ... -# [Legal time in the Principality will be set, from the date of promulgation -# of the present ordinance, to legal time in France.... Consequently, legal -# time will be retarded by 9 minutes and 21 seconds.] -# -Zone Europe/Monaco 0:29:32 - LMT 1892 Jun 1 - 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 29 # Paris Mean Time - 0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00 - 1:00 France CE%sT 1977 - 1:00 EU CE%sT - - -# Norway - -# http://met.no/met/met_lex/q_u/sommertid.html (2004-01) agrees with Shanks & -# Pottenger. -Rule Norway 1916 only - May 22 1:00 1:00 S -Rule Norway 1916 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 - -Rule Norway 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S -Rule Norway 1945 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 - -Rule Norway 1959 1964 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 S -Rule Norway 1959 1965 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - -Rule Norway 1965 only - Apr 25 2:00s 1:00 S - -Zone Europe/Oslo 0:43:00 - LMT 1895 Jan 1 - 1:00 Norway CE%sT 1940 Aug 10 23:00 - 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00 - 1:00 Norway CE%sT 1980 - 1:00 EU CE%sT -Link Europe/Oslo Arctic/Longyearbyen - # Bosnia and Herzegovina Zone Europe/Sarajevo 1:13:40 - LMT 1884 1:00 - CET 1941 Apr 18 23:00 @@ -1398,62 +1080,6 @@ Zone Europe/Skopje 1:25:44 - LMT 1884 1:00 EU CE%sT -# Sweden - -# From Ivan Nilsson (2001-04-13), superseding Shanks & Pottenger: -# -# The law "Svensk författningssamling 1878, no 14" about standard time in 1879: -# From the beginning of 1879 (that is 01-01 00:00) the time for all -# places in the country is "the mean solar time for the meridian at -# three degrees, or twelve minutes of time, to the west of the -# meridian of the Observatory of Stockholm". The law is dated 1878-05-31. -# -# The observatory at that time had the meridian 18° 03' 30" -# eastern longitude = 01:12:14 in time. Less 12 minutes gives the -# national standard time as 01:00:14 ahead of GMT.... -# -# About the beginning of CET in Sweden. The lawtext ("Svensk -# författningssamling 1899, no 44") states, that "from the beginning -# of 1900... ... the same as the mean solar time for the meridian at -# the distance of one hour of time from the meridian of the English -# observatory at Greenwich, or at 12 minutes 14 seconds to the west -# from the meridian of the Observatory of Stockholm". The law is dated -# 1899-06-16. In short: At 1900-01-01 00:00:00 the new standard time -# in Sweden is 01:00:00 ahead of GMT. -# -# 1916: The lawtext ("Svensk författningssamling 1916, no 124") states -# that "1916-05-15 is considered to begin one hour earlier". It is -# pretty obvious that at 05-14 23:00 the clocks are set to 05-15 00:00.... -# Further the law says, that "1916-09-30 is considered to end one hour later". -# -# The laws regulating [DST] are available on the site of the Swedish -# Parliament beginning with 1985 - the laws regulating 1980/1984 are -# not available on the site (to my knowledge they are only available -# in Swedish): (type -# "sommartid" without the quotes in the field "Fritext" and then click -# the Sök-button). -# -# (2001-05-13): -# -# I have now found a newspaper stating that at 1916-10-01 01:00 -# summertime the church-clocks etc were set back one hour to show -# 1916-10-01 00:00 standard time. The article also reports that some -# people thought the switch to standard time would take place already -# at 1916-10-01 00:00 summer time, but they had to wait for another -# hour before the event took place. -# -# Source: The newspaper "Dagens Nyheter", 1916-10-01, page 7 upper left. - -# An extra-special abbreviation style is SET for Swedish Time (svensk -# normaltid) 1879-1899, 3° west of the Stockholm Observatory. - -Zone Europe/Stockholm 1:12:12 - LMT 1879 Jan 1 - 1:00:14 - SET 1900 Jan 1 # Swedish Time - 1:00 - CET 1916 May 14 23:00 - 1:00 1:00 CEST 1916 Oct 1 1:00 - 1:00 - CET 1980 - 1:00 EU CE%sT - # Moldova / Transnistria Zone Europe/Tiraspol 1:58:32 - LMT 1880 @@ -1485,87 +1111,14 @@ Zone Indian/Antananarivo 3:10:04 - LMT 1911 Jul 3:00 1:00 EAST 1954 May 29 23:00s 3:00 - EAT -# Christmas -Zone Indian/Christmas 7:02:52 - LMT 1895 Feb - 7:00 - +07 - -# Cocos (Keeling) Is -# These islands were ruled by the Ross family from about 1830 to 1978. -# We don't know when standard time was introduced; for now, we guess 1900. -Zone Indian/Cocos 6:27:40 - LMT 1900 - 6:30 - +0630 - # Comoros Zone Indian/Comoro 2:53:04 - LMT 1911 Jul # Moroni, Gran Comoro 3:00 - EAT -# Kerguelen -Zone Indian/Kerguelen 0 - -00 1950 # Port-aux-Français - 5:00 - +05 - -# Seychelles -# -# From P Chan (2020-11-27): -# Standard Time was adopted on 1907-01-01. -# -# Standard Time Ordinance (Chapter 237) -# The Laws of Seychelles in Force on the 31st December, 1971, Vol. 6, p 571 -# https://books.google.com/books?id=efE-AQAAIAAJ&pg=PA571 -# -# From Tim Parenti (2020-12-05): -# A footnote on https://books.google.com/books?id=DYdDAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA1689 -# confirms that Ordinance No. 9 of 1906 "was brought into force on the 1st -# January, 1907." - -Zone Indian/Mahe 3:41:48 - LMT 1907 Jan 1 # Victoria - 4:00 - +04 -# From Paul Eggert (2001-05-30): -# Aldabra, Farquhar, and Desroches, originally dependencies of the -# Seychelles, were transferred to the British Indian Ocean Territory -# in 1965 and returned to Seychelles control in 1976. We don't know -# whether this affected their time zone, so omit this for now. -# Possibly the islands were uninhabited. - - # Mayotte Zone Indian/Mayotte 3:00:56 - LMT 1911 Jul # Mamoutzou 3:00 - EAT -# Réunion -Zone Indian/Reunion 3:41:52 - LMT 1911 Jun # Saint-Denis - 4:00 - +04 -# -# Scattered Islands (Îles Éparses) administered from Réunion are as follows. -# The following information about them is taken from -# Îles Éparses (, 1997-07-22, -# in French; no longer available as of 1999-08-17). -# We have no info about their time zone histories. -# -# Bassas da India - uninhabited -# Europa Island - inhabited from 1905 to 1910 by two families -# Glorioso Is - inhabited until at least 1958 -# Juan de Nova - uninhabited -# Tromelin - inhabited until at least 1958 - -# Micronesia -# Also see commentary for Micronesia in 'australasia'. -# -# From Paul Eggert (2018-11-18): -# Alan Eugene Davis writes (1996-03-16), -# "I am certain, having lived there for the past decade, that 'Truk' -# (now properly known as Chuuk) ... is in the time zone GMT+10." -# Shanks & Pottenger write that Truk switched from UT +10 to +11 -# on 1978-10-01; ignore this for now. -Zone Pacific/Chuuk -13:52:52 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 - 10:07:08 - LMT 1901 - 10:00 - +10 1914 Oct - 9:00 - +09 1919 Feb 1 - 10:00 - +10 1941 Apr 1 - 9:00 - +09 1945 Aug - 10:00 - +10 -Link Pacific/Chuuk Pacific/Truk -Link Pacific/Chuuk Pacific/Yap - # Phoenix Islands, Kiribati # From Paul Eggert (2021-05-27): # Enderbury was inhabited 1860/1880s to mine guano, and 1938-03-06/1942-02-09 @@ -1578,23 +1131,9 @@ Zone Pacific/Enderbury 0 - -00 1860 -12:00 - -12 1942 Feb 9 0 - -00 -# Tuvalu -Zone Pacific/Funafuti 11:56:52 - LMT 1901 - 12:00 - +12 - # Johnston Zone Pacific/Johnston -10:00 - HST -# Marshall Is -Zone Pacific/Majuro 11:24:48 - LMT 1901 - 11:00 - +11 1914 Oct - 9:00 - +09 1919 Feb 1 - 11:00 - +11 1937 - 10:00 - +10 1941 Apr 1 - 9:00 - +09 1944 Jan 30 - 11:00 - +11 1969 Oct - 12:00 - +12 - # Midway # # From Mark Brader (2005-01-23): @@ -1612,18 +1151,6 @@ Zone Pacific/Midway -11:49:28 - LMT 1901 -11:00 1:00 -10 1956 Sep 2 -11:00 - -11 -# Micronesia -# See commentary for Micronesia in 'australasia'. -Zone Pacific/Pohnpei -13:27:08 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 # Kolonia - 10:32:52 - LMT 1901 - 11:00 - +11 1914 Oct - 9:00 - +09 1919 Feb 1 - 11:00 - +11 1937 - 10:00 - +10 1941 Apr 1 - 9:00 - +09 1945 Aug - 11:00 - +11 -Link Pacific/Pohnpei Pacific/Ponape - # N Mariana Is Zone Pacific/Saipan -14:17:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 9:43:00 - LMT 1901 @@ -1631,33 +1158,6 @@ Zone Pacific/Saipan -14:17:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 10:00 - +10 2000 Dec 23 10:00 - ChST # Chamorro Standard Time - -# Wake - -# From Vernice Anderson, Personal Secretary to Philip Jessup, -# US Ambassador At Large (oral history interview, 1971-02-02): -# -# Saturday, the 14th [of October, 1950] - ... The time was all the -# more confusing at that point, because we had crossed the -# International Date Line, thus getting two Sundays. Furthermore, we -# discovered that Wake Island had two hours of daylight saving time -# making calculation of time in Washington difficult if not almost -# impossible. -# -# https://www.trumanlibrary.org/oralhist/andrsonv.htm - -# From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23): -# We have no other report of DST in Wake Island, so omit this info for now. - -# Also see commentary for Micronesia in 'australasia'. -Zone Pacific/Wake 11:06:28 - LMT 1901 - 12:00 - +12 - - -# Wallis and Futuna -Zone Pacific/Wallis 12:15:20 - LMT 1901 - 12:00 - +12 - # Local Variables: # coding: utf-8 # End: diff --git a/europe b/europe index 08a8b68..1204c09 100644 --- a/europe +++ b/europe @@ -1023,8 +1023,59 @@ Zone Europe/Prague 0:57:44 - LMT 1850 # Use Europe/Prague also for Slovakia. # Denmark, Faroe Islands, and Greenland -# For Denmark see Europe/Berlin. +# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2005-04-26): +# the law [introducing standard time] was in effect from 1894-01-01.... +# The page https://www.retsinformation.dk/eli/lta/1893/83 +# confirms this, and states that the law was put forth 1893-03-29. +# +# The EU [actually, EEC and Euratom] treaty with effect from 1973: +# https://www.retsinformation.dk/eli/lta/1972/21100 +# +# This provoked a new law from 1974 to make possible summer time changes +# in subsequent decrees with the law +# https://www.retsinformation.dk/eli/lta/1974/223 +# +# It seems however that no decree was set forward until 1980. I have +# not found any decree, but in another related law, the effecting DST +# changes are stated explicitly to be from 1980-04-06 at 02:00 to +# 1980-09-28 at 02:00. If this is true, this differs slightly from +# the EU rule in that DST runs to 02:00, not 03:00. We don't know +# when Denmark began using the EU rule correctly, but we have only +# confirmation of the 1980-time, so I presume it was correct in 1981: +# The law is about the management of the extra hour, concerning +# working hours reported and effect on obligatory-rest rules (which +# was suspended on that night): +# https://web.archive.org/web/20140104053304/https://www.retsinformation.dk/Forms/R0710.aspx?id=60267 + +# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2005-06-11): +# The Herning Folkeblad (1980-09-26) reported that the night between +# Saturday and Sunday the clock is set back from three to two. + +# From Paul Eggert (2005-06-11): +# Hence the "02:00" of the 1980 law refers to standard time, not +# wall-clock time, and so the EU rules were in effect in 1980. + +# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S +Rule Denmark 1916 only - May 14 23:00 1:00 S +Rule Denmark 1916 only - Sep 30 23:00 0 - +Rule Denmark 1940 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 S +Rule Denmark 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S +Rule Denmark 1945 only - Aug 15 2:00s 0 - +Rule Denmark 1946 only - May 1 2:00s 1:00 S +Rule Denmark 1946 only - Sep 1 2:00s 0 - +Rule Denmark 1947 only - May 4 2:00s 1:00 S +Rule Denmark 1947 only - Aug 10 2:00s 0 - +Rule Denmark 1948 only - May 9 2:00s 1:00 S +Rule Denmark 1948 only - Aug 8 2:00s 0 - +# +# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Europe/Copenhagen 0:50:20 - LMT 1890 + 0:50:20 - CMT 1894 Jan 1 # Copenhagen MT + 1:00 Denmark CE%sT 1942 Nov 2 2:00s + 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00 + 1:00 Denmark CE%sT 1980 + 1:00 EU CE%sT Zone Atlantic/Faroe -0:27:04 - LMT 1908 Jan 11 # Tórshavn 0:00 - WET 1981 0:00 EU WE%sT @@ -1569,7 +1620,62 @@ Zone Europe/Budapest 1:16:20 - LMT 1890 Nov 1 1:00 EU CE%sT # Iceland -# See Africa/Abidjan. +# +# From Adam David (1993-11-06): +# The name of the timezone in Iceland for system / mail / news purposes is GMT. +# +# (1993-12-05): +# This material is paraphrased from the 1988 edition of the University of +# Iceland Almanak. +# +# From January 1st, 1908 the whole of Iceland was standardised at 1 hour +# behind GMT. Previously, local mean solar time was used in different parts +# of Iceland, the almanak had been based on Reykjavík mean solar time which +# was 1 hour and 28 minutes behind GMT. +# +# "first day of winter" referred to [below] means the first day of the 26 weeks +# of winter, according to the old icelandic calendar that dates back to the +# time the norsemen first settled Iceland. The first day of winter is always +# Saturday, but is not dependent on the Julian or Gregorian calendars. +# +# (1993-12-10): +# I have a reference from the Oxford Icelandic-English dictionary for the +# beginning of winter, which ties it to the ecclesiastical calendar (and thus +# to the julian/gregorian calendar) over the period in question. +# the winter begins on the Saturday next before St. Luke's day +# (old style), or on St. Luke's day, if a Saturday. +# St. Luke's day ought to be traceable from ecclesiastical sources. "old style" +# might be a reference to the Julian calendar as opposed to Gregorian, or it +# might mean something else (???). +# +# From Paul Eggert (2014-11-22): +# The information below is taken from the 1988 Almanak; see +# http://www.almanak.hi.is/klukkan.html +# +# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S +Rule Iceland 1917 1919 - Feb 19 23:00 1:00 - +Rule Iceland 1917 only - Oct 21 1:00 0 - +Rule Iceland 1918 1919 - Nov 16 1:00 0 - +Rule Iceland 1921 only - Mar 19 23:00 1:00 - +Rule Iceland 1921 only - Jun 23 1:00 0 - +Rule Iceland 1939 only - Apr 29 23:00 1:00 - +Rule Iceland 1939 only - Oct 29 2:00 0 - +Rule Iceland 1940 only - Feb 25 2:00 1:00 - +Rule Iceland 1940 1941 - Nov Sun>=2 1:00s 0 - +Rule Iceland 1941 1942 - Mar Sun>=2 1:00s 1:00 - +# 1943-1946 - first Sunday in March until first Sunday in winter +Rule Iceland 1943 1946 - Mar Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 - +Rule Iceland 1942 1948 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00s 0 - +# 1947-1967 - first Sunday in April until first Sunday in winter +Rule Iceland 1947 1967 - Apr Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 - +# 1949 and 1967 Oct transitions delayed by 1 week +Rule Iceland 1949 only - Oct 30 1:00s 0 - +Rule Iceland 1950 1966 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00s 0 - +Rule Iceland 1967 only - Oct 29 1:00s 0 - +# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Atlantic/Reykjavik -1:28 - LMT 1908 + -1:00 Iceland -01/+00 1968 Apr 7 1:00s + 0:00 - GMT # Italy # @@ -1840,7 +1946,40 @@ Zone Europe/Vilnius 1:41:16 - LMT 1880 2:00 EU EE%sT # Luxembourg -# See Europe/Brussels. +# Whitman disagrees with most of these dates in minor ways; +# go with Shanks & Pottenger. +# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S +Rule Lux 1916 only - May 14 23:00 1:00 S +Rule Lux 1916 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 - +Rule Lux 1917 only - Apr 28 23:00 1:00 S +Rule Lux 1917 only - Sep 17 1:00 0 - +Rule Lux 1918 only - Apr Mon>=15 2:00s 1:00 S +Rule Lux 1918 only - Sep Mon>=15 2:00s 0 - +Rule Lux 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00 1:00 S +Rule Lux 1919 only - Oct 5 3:00 0 - +Rule Lux 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00 1:00 S +Rule Lux 1920 only - Oct 24 2:00 0 - +Rule Lux 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00 1:00 S +Rule Lux 1921 only - Oct 26 2:00 0 - +Rule Lux 1922 only - Mar 25 23:00 1:00 S +Rule Lux 1922 only - Oct Sun>=2 1:00 0 - +Rule Lux 1923 only - Apr 21 23:00 1:00 S +Rule Lux 1923 only - Oct Sun>=2 2:00 0 - +Rule Lux 1924 only - Mar 29 23:00 1:00 S +Rule Lux 1924 1928 - Oct Sun>=2 1:00 0 - +Rule Lux 1925 only - Apr 5 23:00 1:00 S +Rule Lux 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00 1:00 S +Rule Lux 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00 1:00 S +Rule Lux 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00 1:00 S +Rule Lux 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00 1:00 S +# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Europe/Luxembourg 0:24:36 - LMT 1904 Jun + 1:00 Lux CE%sT 1918 Nov 25 + 0:00 Lux WE%sT 1929 Oct 6 2:00s + 0:00 Belgium WE%sT 1940 May 14 3:00 + 1:00 C-Eur WE%sT 1944 Sep 18 3:00 + 1:00 Belgium CE%sT 1977 + 1:00 EU CE%sT # North Macedonia # See Europe/Belgrade. @@ -1941,16 +2080,126 @@ Zone Europe/Chisinau 1:55:20 - LMT 1880 2:00 Moldova EE%sT # Monaco -# See Europe/Paris. +# +# From Michael Deckers (2020-06-12): +# In the "Journal de Monaco" of 1892-05-24, online at +# https://journaldemonaco.gouv.mc/var/jdm/storage/original/application/b1c67c12c5af11b41ea888fb048e4fe8.pdf +# we read: ... +# [In virtue of a Sovereign Ordinance of the May 13 of the current [year], +# legal time in the Principality will be set to, from the date of June 1, +# 1892 onwards, to the meridian of Paris, as in France.] +# In the "Journal de Monaco" of 1911-03-28, online at +# https://journaldemonaco.gouv.mc/var/jdm/storage/original/application/de74ffb7db53d4f599059fe8f0ed482a.pdf +# we read an ordinance of 1911-03-16: ... +# [Legal time in the Principality will be set, from the date of promulgation +# of the present ordinance, to legal time in France.... Consequently, legal +# time will be retarded by 9 minutes and 21 seconds.] +# +# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Europe/Monaco 0:29:32 - LMT 1892 Jun 1 + 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 29 # Paris Mean Time + 0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00 + 1:00 France CE%sT 1977 + 1:00 EU CE%sT # Montenegro # See Europe/Belgrade. # Netherlands -# See Europe/Brussels. + +# Howse writes that the Netherlands' railways used GMT between 1892 and 1940, +# but for other purposes the Netherlands used Amsterdam mean time. + +# However, Robert H. van Gent writes (2001-04-01): +# Howse's statement is only correct up to 1909. From 1909-05-01 (00:00:00 +# Amsterdam mean time) onwards, the whole of the Netherlands (including +# the Dutch railways) was required by law to observe Amsterdam mean time +# (19 minutes 32.13 seconds ahead of GMT). This had already been the +# common practice (except for the railways) for many decades but it was +# not until 1909 when the Dutch government finally defined this by law. +# On 1937-07-01 this was changed to 20 minutes (exactly) ahead of GMT and +# was generally known as Dutch Time ("Nederlandse Tijd"). +# +# (2001-04-08): +# 1892-05-01 was the date when the Dutch railways were by law required to +# observe GMT while the remainder of the Netherlands adhered to the common +# practice of following Amsterdam mean time. +# +# (2001-04-09): +# In 1835 the authorities of the province of North Holland requested the +# municipal authorities of the towns and cities in the province to observe +# Amsterdam mean time but I do not know in how many cases this request was +# actually followed. +# +# From 1852 onwards the Dutch telegraph offices were by law required to +# observe Amsterdam mean time. As the time signals from the observatory of +# Leiden were also distributed by the telegraph system, I assume that most +# places linked up with the telegraph (and railway) system automatically +# adopted Amsterdam mean time. +# +# Although the early Dutch railway companies initially observed a variety +# of times, most of them had adopted Amsterdam mean time by 1858 but it +# was not until 1866 when they were all required by law to observe +# Amsterdam mean time. + +# The data entries before 1945 are taken from +# https://www.staff.science.uu.nl/~gent0113/wettijd/wettijd.htm + +# From Paul Eggert (2021-05-09): +# I invented the abbreviations AMT for Amsterdam Mean Time and NST for +# Netherlands Summer Time, used in the Netherlands from 1835 to 1937. + +# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S +Rule Neth 1916 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 NST # Netherlands Summer Time +Rule Neth 1916 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 AMT # Amsterdam Mean Time +Rule Neth 1917 only - Apr 16 2:00s 1:00 NST +Rule Neth 1917 only - Sep 17 2:00s 0 AMT +Rule Neth 1918 1921 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00s 1:00 NST +Rule Neth 1918 1921 - Sep lastMon 2:00s 0 AMT +Rule Neth 1922 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 NST +Rule Neth 1922 1936 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 AMT +Rule Neth 1923 only - Jun Fri>=1 2:00s 1:00 NST +Rule Neth 1924 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 NST +Rule Neth 1925 only - Jun Fri>=1 2:00s 1:00 NST +# From 1926 through 1939 DST began 05-15, except that it was delayed by a week +# in years when 05-15 fell in the Pentecost weekend. +Rule Neth 1926 1931 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 NST +Rule Neth 1932 only - May 22 2:00s 1:00 NST +Rule Neth 1933 1936 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 NST +Rule Neth 1937 only - May 22 2:00s 1:00 NST +Rule Neth 1937 only - Jul 1 0:00 1:00 S +Rule Neth 1937 1939 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 - +Rule Neth 1938 1939 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 S +Rule Neth 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S +Rule Neth 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 - +# +# Amsterdam Mean Time was +00:19:32.13, but the .13 is omitted +# below because the current format requires STDOFF to be an integer. +# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Europe/Amsterdam 0:19:32 - LMT 1835 + 0:19:32 Neth %s 1937 Jul 1 + 0:20 Neth +0020/+0120 1940 May 16 0:00 + 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00 + 1:00 Neth CE%sT 1977 + 1:00 EU CE%sT # Norway -# See Europe/Berlin. +# http://met.no/met/met_lex/q_u/sommertid.html (2004-01) agrees with Shanks & +# Pottenger. +# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S +Rule Norway 1916 only - May 22 1:00 1:00 S +Rule Norway 1916 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 - +Rule Norway 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S +Rule Norway 1945 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 - +Rule Norway 1959 1964 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 S +Rule Norway 1959 1965 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - +Rule Norway 1965 only - Apr 25 2:00s 1:00 S +# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Europe/Oslo 0:43:00 - LMT 1895 Jan 1 + 1:00 Norway CE%sT 1940 Aug 10 23:00 + 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00 + 1:00 Norway CE%sT 1980 + 1:00 EU CE%sT # Svalbard & Jan Mayen @@ -1997,9 +2246,8 @@ Zone Europe/Chisinau 1:55:20 - LMT 1880 # the German armed forces at the Svalbard weather station code-named # Haudegen did not surrender to the Allies until September 1945. # -# All these events predate our cutoff date of 1970, so use Europe/Berlin -# for these regions. - +# All these events predate our cutoff date of 1970, so use Europe/Oslo +# for these regions; see 'backward'. # Poland @@ -3381,7 +3629,61 @@ Zone Atlantic/Canary -1:01:36 - LMT 1922 Mar # Las Palmas de Gran C. # Ignore this for now, as the Canaries are part of the EU. # Sweden -# See Europe/Berlin. + +# From Ivan Nilsson (2001-04-13), superseding Shanks & Pottenger: +# +# The law "Svensk författningssamling 1878, no 14" about standard time in 1879: +# From the beginning of 1879 (that is 01-01 00:00) the time for all +# places in the country is "the mean solar time for the meridian at +# three degrees, or twelve minutes of time, to the west of the +# meridian of the Observatory of Stockholm". The law is dated 1878-05-31. +# +# The observatory at that time had the meridian 18° 03' 30" +# eastern longitude = 01:12:14 in time. Less 12 minutes gives the +# national standard time as 01:00:14 ahead of GMT.... +# +# About the beginning of CET in Sweden. The lawtext ("Svensk +# författningssamling 1899, no 44") states, that "from the beginning +# of 1900... ... the same as the mean solar time for the meridian at +# the distance of one hour of time from the meridian of the English +# observatory at Greenwich, or at 12 minutes 14 seconds to the west +# from the meridian of the Observatory of Stockholm". The law is dated +# 1899-06-16. In short: At 1900-01-01 00:00:00 the new standard time +# in Sweden is 01:00:00 ahead of GMT. +# +# 1916: The lawtext ("Svensk författningssamling 1916, no 124") states +# that "1916-05-15 is considered to begin one hour earlier". It is +# pretty obvious that at 05-14 23:00 the clocks are set to 05-15 00:00.... +# Further the law says, that "1916-09-30 is considered to end one hour later". +# +# The laws regulating [DST] are available on the site of the Swedish +# Parliament beginning with 1985 - the laws regulating 1980/1984 are +# not available on the site (to my knowledge they are only available +# in Swedish): (type +# "sommartid" without the quotes in the field "Fritext" and then click +# the Sök-button). +# +# (2001-05-13): +# +# I have now found a newspaper stating that at 1916-10-01 01:00 +# summertime the church-clocks etc were set back one hour to show +# 1916-10-01 00:00 standard time. The article also reports that some +# people thought the switch to standard time would take place already +# at 1916-10-01 00:00 summer time, but they had to wait for another +# hour before the event took place. +# +# Source: The newspaper "Dagens Nyheter", 1916-10-01, page 7 upper left. + +# An extra-special abbreviation style is SET for Swedish Time (svensk +# normaltid) 1879-1899, 3° west of the Stockholm Observatory. + +# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Europe/Stockholm 1:12:12 - LMT 1879 Jan 1 + 1:00:14 - SET 1900 Jan 1 # Swedish Time + 1:00 - CET 1916 May 14 23:00 + 1:00 1:00 CEST 1916 Oct 1 1:00 + 1:00 - CET 1980 + 1:00 EU CE%sT # Switzerland # From Howse: diff --git a/zone1970.tab b/zone1970.tab index 6b9d288..c614be8 100644 --- a/zone1970.tab +++ b/zone1970.tab @@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ #country- #codes coordinates TZ comments AD +4230+00131 Europe/Andorra -AE,OM,RE,SC,TF +2518+05518 Asia/Dubai UAE, Oman, Réunion, Seychelles, Crozet, Scattered Is +AE,OM +2518+05518 Asia/Dubai AF +3431+06912 Asia/Kabul AL +4120+01950 Europe/Tirane AM +4011+04430 Asia/Yerevan @@ -44,6 +44,7 @@ AQ -6736+06253 Antarctica/Mawson Mawson AQ -6448-06406 Antarctica/Palmer Palmer AQ -6734-06808 Antarctica/Rothera Rothera AQ -720041+0023206 Antarctica/Troll Troll +AQ -7824+10654 Antarctica/Vostok Vostok AR -3436-05827 America/Argentina/Buenos_Aires Buenos Aires (BA, CF) AR -3124-06411 America/Argentina/Cordoba Argentina (most areas: CB, CC, CN, ER, FM, MN, SE, SF) AR -2447-06525 America/Argentina/Salta Salta (SA, LP, NQ, RN) @@ -73,9 +74,10 @@ AU -3143+12852 Australia/Eucla Western Australia (Eucla) AZ +4023+04951 Asia/Baku BB +1306-05937 America/Barbados BD +2343+09025 Asia/Dhaka -BE,LU,NL +5050+00420 Europe/Brussels +BE +5050+00420 Europe/Brussels BG +4241+02319 Europe/Sofia BM +3217-06446 Atlantic/Bermuda +BN +0456+11455 Asia/Brunei BO -1630-06809 America/La_Paz BR -0351-03225 America/Noronha Atlantic islands BR -0127-04829 America/Belem Pará (east); Amapá @@ -121,22 +123,25 @@ CA +5848-12242 America/Fort_Nelson MST - BC (Ft Nelson) CA +6043-13503 America/Whitehorse MST - Yukon (east) CA +6404-13925 America/Dawson MST - Yukon (west) CA +4916-12307 America/Vancouver Pacific - BC (most areas) +CC -1210+09655 Indian/Cocos CH,DE,LI +4723+00832 Europe/Zurich Swiss time -CI,BF,GH,GM,GN,IS,ML,MR,SH,SL,SN,TG +0519-00402 Africa/Abidjan +CI,BF,GH,GM,GN,ML,MR,SH,SL,SN,TG +0519-00402 Africa/Abidjan CK -2114-15946 Pacific/Rarotonga CL -3327-07040 America/Santiago Chile (most areas) CL -5309-07055 America/Punta_Arenas Region of Magallanes CL -2709-10926 Pacific/Easter Easter Island CN +3114+12128 Asia/Shanghai Beijing Time -CN,AQ +4348+08735 Asia/Urumqi Xinjiang Time, Vostok +CN +4348+08735 Asia/Urumqi Xinjiang Time CO +0436-07405 America/Bogota CR +0956-08405 America/Costa_Rica CU +2308-08222 America/Havana CV +1455-02331 Atlantic/Cape_Verde +CX -1025+10543 Indian/Christmas CY +3510+03322 Asia/Nicosia Cyprus (most areas) CY +3507+03357 Asia/Famagusta Northern Cyprus CZ,SK +5005+01426 Europe/Prague -DE,DK,NO,SE,SJ +5230+01322 Europe/Berlin Germany (most areas), Scandinavia +DE +5230+01322 Europe/Berlin Germany (most areas) +DK +5540+01235 Europe/Copenhagen DO +1828-06954 America/Santo_Domingo DZ +3647+00303 Africa/Algiers EC -0210-07950 America/Guayaquil Ecuador (mainland) @@ -150,9 +155,11 @@ ES +2806-01524 Atlantic/Canary Canary Islands FI,AX +6010+02458 Europe/Helsinki FJ -1808+17825 Pacific/Fiji FK -5142-05751 Atlantic/Stanley +FM +0725+15147 Pacific/Chuuk Chuuk/Truk, Yap +FM +0658+15813 Pacific/Pohnpei Pohnpei/Ponape FM +0519+16259 Pacific/Kosrae Kosrae FO +6201-00646 Atlantic/Faroe -FR,MC +4852+00220 Europe/Paris +FR +4852+00220 Europe/Paris GB,GG,IM,JE +513030-0000731 Europe/London GE +4143+04449 Asia/Tbilisi GF +0456-05220 America/Cayenne @@ -181,13 +188,14 @@ IN +2232+08822 Asia/Kolkata IO -0720+07225 Indian/Chagos IQ +3321+04425 Asia/Baghdad IR +3540+05126 Asia/Tehran +IS +6409-02151 Atlantic/Reykjavik IT,SM,VA +4154+01229 Europe/Rome JM +175805-0764736 America/Jamaica JO +3157+03556 Asia/Amman JP +353916+1394441 Asia/Tokyo KE,DJ,ER,ET,KM,MG,SO,TZ,UG,YT -0117+03649 Africa/Nairobi KG +4254+07436 Asia/Bishkek -KI,MH,TV,UM,WF +0125+17300 Pacific/Tarawa Gilberts, Marshalls, Tuvalu, Wallis & Futuna, Wake +KI +0125+17300 Pacific/Tarawa Gilbert Islands KI -0247-17143 Pacific/Kanton Phoenix Islands KI +0152-15720 Pacific/Kiritimati Line Islands KP +3901+12545 Asia/Pyongyang @@ -203,12 +211,15 @@ LB +3353+03530 Asia/Beirut LK +0656+07951 Asia/Colombo LR +0618-01047 Africa/Monrovia LT +5441+02519 Europe/Vilnius +LU +4936+00609 Europe/Luxembourg LV +5657+02406 Europe/Riga LY +3254+01311 Africa/Tripoli MA +3339-00735 Africa/Casablanca +MC +4342+00723 Europe/Monaco MD +4700+02850 Europe/Chisinau +MH +0709+17112 Pacific/Majuro Marshall Islands (most areas) MH +0905+16720 Pacific/Kwajalein Kwajalein -MM,CC +1647+09610 Asia/Yangon +MM +1647+09610 Asia/Yangon MN +4755+10653 Asia/Ulaanbaatar Mongolia (most areas) MN +4801+09139 Asia/Hovd Bayan-Ölgii, Govi-Altai, Hovd, Uvs, Zavkhan MN +4804+11430 Asia/Choibalsan Dornod, Sükhbaatar @@ -216,7 +227,7 @@ MO +221150+1133230 Asia/Macau MQ +1436-06105 America/Martinique MT +3554+01431 Europe/Malta MU -2010+05730 Indian/Mauritius -MV,TF +0410+07330 Indian/Maldives Maldives, Kerguelen, St Paul I, Amsterdam I +MV +0410+07330 Indian/Maldives MX +1924-09909 America/Mexico_City Central Time MX +2105-08646 America/Cancun Eastern Standard Time - Quintana Roo MX +2058-08937 America/Merida Central Time - Campeche, Yucatán @@ -228,13 +239,16 @@ MX +2934-10425 America/Ojinaga Mountain Time US - Chihuahua (US border) MX +2904-11058 America/Hermosillo Mountain Standard Time - Sonora MX +3232-11701 America/Tijuana Pacific Time US - Baja California MX +2048-10515 America/Bahia_Banderas Central Time - Bahía de Banderas -MY,BN +0133+11020 Asia/Kuching Sabah, Sarawak, Brunei +MY +0310+10142 Asia/Kuala_Lumpur Malaysia (peninsula) +MY +0133+11020 Asia/Kuching Sabah, Sarawak MZ,BI,BW,CD,MW,RW,ZM,ZW -2558+03235 Africa/Maputo Central Africa Time NA -2234+01706 Africa/Windhoek NC -2216+16627 Pacific/Noumea NF -2903+16758 Pacific/Norfolk NG,AO,BJ,CD,CF,CG,CM,GA,GQ,NE +0627+00324 Africa/Lagos West Africa Time NI +1209-08617 America/Managua +NL +5222+00454 Europe/Amsterdam +NO,SJ +5955+01045 Europe/Oslo NP +2743+08519 Asia/Kathmandu NR -0031+16655 Pacific/Nauru NU -1901-16955 Pacific/Niue @@ -245,7 +259,7 @@ PE -1203-07703 America/Lima PF -1732-14934 Pacific/Tahiti Society Islands PF -0900-13930 Pacific/Marquesas Marquesas Islands PF -2308-13457 Pacific/Gambier Gambier Islands -PG,AQ,FM -0930+14710 Pacific/Port_Moresby Papua New Guinea (most areas), Chuuk, Yap, Dumont d'Urville +PG,AQ -0930+14710 Pacific/Port_Moresby Papua New Guinea (most areas), Dumont d'Urville PG -0613+15534 Pacific/Bougainville Bougainville PH +1435+12100 Asia/Manila PK +2452+06703 Asia/Karachi @@ -261,6 +275,7 @@ PT +3744-02540 Atlantic/Azores Azores PW +0720+13429 Pacific/Palau PY -2516-05740 America/Asuncion QA,BH +2517+05132 Asia/Qatar +RE,TF -2052+05528 Indian/Reunion Réunion, Crozet, Scattered Islands RO +4426+02606 Europe/Bucharest RS,BA,HR,ME,MK,SI +4450+02030 Europe/Belgrade RU +5443+02030 Europe/Kaliningrad MSK-01 - Kaliningrad @@ -292,8 +307,10 @@ RU +6728+15343 Asia/Srednekolymsk MSK+08 - Sakha (E); North Kuril Is RU +5301+15839 Asia/Kamchatka MSK+09 - Kamchatka RU +6445+17729 Asia/Anadyr MSK+09 - Bering Sea SA,AQ,KW,YE +2438+04643 Asia/Riyadh Arabia, Syowa -SB,FM -0932+16012 Pacific/Guadalcanal Solomons, Pohnpei +SB -0932+16012 Pacific/Guadalcanal +SC -0440+05528 Indian/Mahe SD +1536+03232 Africa/Khartoum +SE +5920+01803 Europe/Stockholm SG,MY +0117+10351 Asia/Singapore Singapore, peninsular Malaysia SR +0550-05510 America/Paramaribo SS +0451+03137 Africa/Juba @@ -302,7 +319,8 @@ SV +1342-08912 America/El_Salvador SY +3330+03618 Asia/Damascus TC +2128-07108 America/Grand_Turk TD +1207+01503 Africa/Ndjamena -TH,CX,KH,LA,VN +1345+10031 Asia/Bangkok Indochina (most areas) +TF -492110+0701303 Indian/Kerguelen Kerguelen, St Paul Island, Amsterdam Island +TH,KH,LA,VN +1345+10031 Asia/Bangkok Indochina (most areas) TJ +3835+06848 Asia/Dushanbe TK -0922-17114 Pacific/Fakaofo TL -0833+12535 Asia/Dili @@ -310,10 +328,12 @@ TM +3757+05823 Asia/Ashgabat TN +3648+01011 Africa/Tunis TO -210800-1751200 Pacific/Tongatapu TR +4101+02858 Europe/Istanbul +TV -0831+17913 Pacific/Funafuti TW +2503+12130 Asia/Taipei UA +5026+03031 Europe/Kiev Ukraine (most areas) UA +4837+02218 Europe/Uzhgorod Transcarpathia UA +4750+03510 Europe/Zaporozhye Zaporozhye and east Lugansk +UM +1917+16637 Pacific/Wake Wake Island US +404251-0740023 America/New_York Eastern (most areas) US +421953-0830245 America/Detroit Eastern - MI (most areas) US +381515-0854534 America/Kentucky/Louisville Eastern - KY (Louisville area) @@ -349,5 +369,6 @@ UZ +4120+06918 Asia/Tashkent Uzbekistan (east) VE +1030-06656 America/Caracas VN +1045+10640 Asia/Ho_Chi_Minh Vietnam (south) VU -1740+16825 Pacific/Efate +WF -1318-17610 Pacific/Wallis WS -1350-17144 Pacific/Apia ZA,LS,SZ -2615+02800 Africa/Johannesburg -- 2.30.2